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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20890133     EISSN : 24776416     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics provides rapid publication of short reports and important research in all fields of physics. Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics publishes articles that are of significance in their respective fields whilst also contributing to the disclipline of physics as a whole. Articles should be submitted to the Editorial Office of Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics through this site. Further information on submission is also available at this site
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Articles 351 Documents
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Effect of Coating Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Oleic Acid and PEG on Their Properties For Magnetic Targeting Applications: A Review Firyal Dhiya Khansa Arianna; Togar Saragi; Risdiana Risdiana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.101762

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with all their unique properties have great potential in biomedical applications, including cancer treatment using targeted drug delivery systems and magnetic hyperthermia therapy. However, the stability of nanoparticles and their biocompatibility are major challenges in the success of these applications. Coating nanoparticles with oleic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is often used to improve their dispersion stability and biocompatibility. In this review, we will discuss how the properties of SPION such as colloidal stability, magnetic properties, hyperthermia properties, drug loading, and drug release capabilities are improved when SPION is coated with oleic acid and PEG. It was found that in general, coating using oleic acid and PEG would improve the properties of SPION, such as increasing the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential values, and decreasing the polydispersity index and coercive filed values, making it more suitable for biomedical applications. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of coating strategies to optimize SPION performance in magnetic targeting applications, and identify challenges and opportunities for future development
Application of Very Low Frequency (VLF) Method for Underground River Estimation in Donorojo Sub-District, Pacitan Ayi Syaeful Bahri; Khusnul Nur Rochmah; M. Haris Miftakhul Fajar; Juan Pandu Gya Nur Rochman; Wien Lestari; Fachri Almawali Abil Fida
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v14i2.83171

Abstract

Pacitan is included in the Gunung Sewu karst area in the Southern Mountain Zone, and carbonate rocks dominate the constituent rocks. Karst has a unique drainage system because it is dominated by subsurface flow. This research was conducted in Cemeng and Klepu villages, Donorojo sub-district, Pacitan, with 4 track data. Data were collected using the very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method with a track length ranging from 200-450 m, a measurement spacing of 5 m, and a transmitter frequency of 19.8 kHz. Data processing uses filtering and inversion, resulting in a cross-section of resistivity values. Based on the subsurface resistivity cross-section profile, the cavity in the carbonate rock layer with a resistivity value of 0-500 Ωm is identified as an underground river. The underground river is found on tracks 1, 2, 3, and 4 near the surface, with a depth of about 30 m below the surface.
Analysis of ASA and Wood Characteristics with Variations in Thickness and Infill Density as 3D Printing Phantom Radiology Material Suharyana Suharyana; Mohtar Yunianto; Ivara Salsabila Putri Aldicia
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i1.110516

Abstract

This research was conducted to identify wood filaments and ASA as potential organ phantoms based on material density, CT number, electron density, effective atomic number, and radiation dose parameters. The thickness and density of the samples were varied to determine the effect on each parameter. The sample image was obtained from a CTScan radiology test with the same exposure factor. The potential of samples as organ phantoms varies for each parameter. In wood filament samples, a thickness of 1 cm to 2 cm with a density of 20% can potentially be a lung organ phantom. Meanwhile, at a thickness of 5 cm with a density of 100%, it can potentially act as a phantom for bone, liver and muscle organs. In ASA filament samples with a thickness of 1 cm to 5 cm with a low density of 20%, it has the potential to be a lung organ phantom and at a density of 100% it has the potential to be an adipose tissue phantom. 
Estimate The Focal Mechanism of Earthquake in Indonesia By Using 1-D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Indriati Retno Palupi; Wiji Raharjo; Oktavia Dewi Alfiani; Dessy Apriyanti; Dwi Wahyuningrum
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.84593

Abstract

Indonesia is located between three collisions of active plate tectonics (Pacific, Eurasia, and Australia), resulting in a high seismicity zone, especially along the subduction zone. Besides the subduction zone, there are also many faults as a result of these collisions. As the earthquake source, both are controlled by focal mechanisms. Focal mechanism is the geometry of fault movements. Unfortunately, Indonesia's earthquake catalog data is not complete. There is missing information in some focal mechanism data, especially the data with more than 6 Magnitudes between January 1st, 1973, and February 1st, 2023. To complete the focal mechanism data, 1-D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is applied as the common and powerful method of Machine Learning. Started by grouping the earthquake catalog data with clear focal mechanism information as the training data with its training label and otherwise as the test data with the unknown label, then applied these training and label data to convolutional layer with some neurons, CNN can estimate focal mechanism (label) of the test data. This process is done iteratively, and a good model is observed with little loss value in the L curve.
Analysis of Vegetation Index Values and Sugar Content in Sugarcane Based on Planting Age using Sentinel-2 Satellite Data Inas Alfiyatul Umniyah; Bowo Eko Cahyono; Agus Suprianto; Farid Lukman Hakim
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.106287

Abstract

This study the relationship between the age of sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarum L.), vegetation indices, and sugar content using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in Jember Regency. Vegetation indices such as NDVI, GNDVI, NDRE, and NDII were used to monitor the physiological condition of the plants, while sugar content was measured using a refractometer on the upper, middle, and lower sections of the sugarcane stalks. The results indicate that the highest sugar content was found in the lower stalk section, as this area serves as the primary storage site for sucrose. There is relationship that increasing plant age correlates with changes in vegetation index patterns, peaking during the maximum vegetative phase. These findings offer significant insights into technology-based sugarcane land management, supporting the optimization of harvest timing, irrigation, and fertilization.
Evaluation of Patient-Specific Quality Assurance (PSQA) using Octavius 4D in IMRT Planning for Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cases Rizki Budi Rahayu; Rustika Alifiani; Aditya Prayugo Hariyanto; Levina Almira; Endarko Endarko
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 16, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v16i1.111531

Abstract

Patient-Specific Quality Assurance (PSQA) is an important procedure for verifying the accuracy of dose planning before administering radiation therapy to patients. This study investigated the effects of progressively stricter OAR constraints on fluence complexity and Patient-Specific Quality Assurance (PSQA) performance in nasopharyngeal cancer IMRT as a preliminary case-based investigation. Three IMRT plan variations were created for two patients (tumor volumes: 56.16 cm³ and 75.35 cm³) using TPS Monaco: Plan0 (no OAR constraints), Plan1 (moderate constraints), and Plan2 (strict constraints) for the parotid glands, brainstem, and spinal cord. PSQA was performed using the PTW Octavius 4D phantom with gamma index criteria of 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm, in accordance with the AAPM TG-218. All plans achieved GPR values above the 95% tolerance limit for the 3%/2 mm criterion (95.5-99.8%) and above 90% for the 2%/2 mm criterion, confirming clinically acceptable deliverability across all optimization levels. Notably, the GPR in the patient with a larger tumor volume (ID2, 75.35 cm³) did not decrease with stricter constraints. The Plan2 GPR (99.5%) exceeded the Plan1 GPR (98.5%), whereas the patient with a smaller tumor volume (ID1, 56.16 cm³), whose GPR declined consistently from Plan0 to Plan2. This divergence reveals that the relationship between OAR constraint stringency and plan deliverability is patient-specific and governed by the geometric interaction between the tumor volume and surrounding OARs; larger targets afford the TPS greater dosimetric flexibility, thereby reducing the need for narrow MLC segments even under strict constraints. These findings suggest that Octavius 4D-based PSQA serves not only as a routine delivery verification tool but also as a patient-specific plan selection tool, and that the 3%/2 mm criterion is recommended as the primary clinical evaluation parameter for nasopharyngeal IMRT.
Calculating Ground State Energy of Helium by using Variational Monte Carlo Methods Sri Purwaningsih; Nehru Nehru; Cicyn Riantoni
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 16, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v16i1.94513

Abstract

Variational Quantum Monte Carlo (VQMC) is a computational approach that combines the variational principle of quantum mechanics with stochastic Monte Carlo integration to estimate ground-state properties of many-body systems. In this study, the VQMC method is employed to calculate the ground-state energy of the helium atom, a fundamental two-electron system that serves as a benchmark for testing quantum methods. The evaluation of multidimensional integrals arising in the expectation value of the Hamiltonian is performed using importance sampling based on the Metropolis algorithm, which enhances computational efficiency and accuracy. A key advantage of the VQMC approach lies in its flexibility in selecting analytically tractable trial wave functions, enabling systematic improvement of results through parameter optimization. Using an appropriately constructed trial wave function that incorporates electron–electron correlation effects, the calculated ground-state energy of helium is found to be −77.645 eV. This result shows good agreement with the exact reference value, demonstrating that the VQMC method provides reliable and accurate estimations for atomic systems. The findings confirm the effectiveness of VQMC as a powerful tool for solving quantum many-body problems. 
Population Redistribution in a Continuously Driven Λ-Type Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Roles of Relaxation-Path Asymmetry And Off-Resonant Coupling Arik Ramadhan; Bintoro Siswo Nugroho; Asifa Asri; Azrul Azwar; Yudha Arman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 16, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v16i1.117075

Abstract

Semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) exhibit optical responses that are strongly influenced by their internal level structure, relaxation pathways, and excitation intensity. This study investigates the time- and intensity-dependent population dynamics of a continuously driven single -type three-level SQD using the density-matrix formalism within the rotating-wave approximation. Dissipative processes are incorporated through Lindblad-type relaxation terms, while the transient and stationary responses are obtained, respectively, by numerical time integration and steady-state solution of the density-matrix equations. Special attention is given to the relaxation channel  and the off-resonant transition dipole moment . The results show that  primarily controls the transient redistribution route and the timescale required to reach the stationary regime, whereas the early oscillatory behavior remains dominated by the resonantly driven  transition. In the steady-state regime,  mainly determines how population leaving the upper state is partitioned between the two lower states, while  governs how readily the off-resonant  branch becomes active as the driving intensity increases. Consequently, the crossover from predominantly resonant two-level-like behavior to genuine three-level population redistribution is controlled by the combined action of relaxation-path asymmetry and off-resonant coupling strength. These findings provide a clearer mechanism-based interpretation of driven population redistribution in effective multilevel SQD systems.
Influence FF Concentration to Thermal Diffusivity in Liquid Form using Photopyroelectric (PPE) Setup and Dual-Beam Mode-Mismatched Thermal Lens Method with Different Optical Sensors Ting Lee Mon; Nor Kamilah Sa’at; Raba' Ah Syahidah Azis; Md Shuhazlly Mamat@Mat Nazir; Nur Quratul Aini Ismail
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.99701

Abstract

This study examines the effect of concentration on thermal diffusivity in nano-liquid formulations using the thermal lens method. Standard liquids and nano-liquid samples with varied concentrations were prepared and analyzed. Results showing an average trend of thermal diffusivity by using standard liquids, such as distilled water, ethylene glycol and glycerol and graphene oxide (GO). Thermal lens method with different optical sensors such as PVDF and photodiode also studied to examine the effect of sensor in thermal diffusivity measurement. Results indicate an increase in thermal diffusivity with rising GO concentration up to a threshold, beyond which further increments yield diminishing returns. This behavior is attributed to the unique thermal transport mechanisms enabled by GO nanosheets. These findings offer insights for optimizing GO-based nano-liquids for thermal management applications. Moreover, the study underscores the efficacy of the thermal lens method for probing thermal properties in nanofluid systems.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Quantum Otto Engines Exploring Qubit Efficiency in Non-Equilibrium Environments Jeolous Malamula Nyasulu; Chunyang Wang; Zengxuan Zhao; Mushtaq Rana Imran
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 16, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v16i1.106099

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of quantum Otto heat engines operating out of equilibrium. It explores the fundamental thermodynamic principles governing these engines, focusing on efficiency, work output, and the impact of environmental factors, including thermal gradients, external fields, noise, and decoherence. The study investigates the effects of non-equilibrium conditions on engine performance, highlighting challenges and opportunities in practical realizations. Through numerical simulations, the article examines the power, efficiency, and performance coefficients, revealing trade-offs between these metrics and the influence of temperature differences and internal coupling strength. The results demonstrate that non-equilibrium effects can significantly reduce efficiency compared to idealized scenarios, underscoring the importance of accounting for both quantum effects and real-world constraints in the design and optimization of quantum heat engines. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge in quantum thermodynamics, offering insights for quantum computing, sustainable energy technologies, and thermodynamic cycles at the quantum scale.

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