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SUSURGALUR
Published by Minda Masagi Press
ISSN : 23025808     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
This journal, with ISSN 2302-5808, was firstly published on March 24, 2013, in the context to commemorate the BLA (Bandung Lautan Api or Bandung a Sea of Flames)’s Day in Indonesia. The SUSURGALUR journal has jointly been organized by the Lecturers of APB UBD (Academy of Brunei Studies, University of Brunei Darussalam) and International & History Studies FASS (Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences) UBD in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, since issue of September 2013 to date; and published by Minda Masagi Press, a publishing house owned by ASPENSI (the Association of Indonesian Scholars of History Education) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The articles published in SUSURGALUR journal are able to be written in English as well as in Indonesian and Malay languages. The SUSURGALUR journal is published every March and September. The SUSURGALUR journal is devoted, but not limited to, history education, historical studies, and any new development and advancement in the field of history education and historical studies. The scope of our journal includes: (1) History Education and National Character Building; (2) Political, Social, Cultural and Educational History; (3) Education, History, and Social Awareness; (4) Economic History and Welfare State; (5) Science, Technology and Society in Historical Perspectives; (6) Religion and Philosophy in Historical Perspectives; and (7) Visual Arts, Dance, Music, and Design in Historical Perspectives.
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Politik Luar Negeri Malaysia terhadap Indonesia, 1957-1976: Dari Konfrontasi Menuju Kerjasama Sunarti, Linda
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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IKHTISAR: Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, hubungan Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki ciri yang unik. Sebagai tetangga terdekat dan memiliki banyak persamaan dalam berbagai aspek, seperti warisan sejarah, agama, bahasa, dan kebudayaan, hubungan kedua negara tidak selalu berjalan mulus. Makalah ini akan melihat sejarah hubungan Indonesia dan Malaysia yang mengalami pasang-surut. Dalam melihat dinamika hubungan kedua negara, faktor kepentingan nasional dan figur pemimpin merupakan hal yang paling utama. Jika kepentingan nasional dan figur pemimpin kedua negara tersebut berbeda, maka hubungan kedua negara mengalami ketegangan, sebagaimana nampak pada masa pemerintahan Tunku Abdul Rahman di Malaysia (1957-1970) dan pemerintahan Soekarno di Indonesia (1945-1966). Sebaliknya, jika kepentingan nasional dan figur pemimpin kedua negara memiliki kesamaan, maka hubungan kedua negara terjalin dengan baik, sebagaimana nampak pada masa pemerintahan Tun Abdul Razak di Malaysia (1970-1976) dan pemerintahan Soeharto di Indonesia (1966-1998). Dengan demikian, hubungan sejarah dan faktor-faktor kesamaan lainnya tidak serta-merta menjadi pengikat yang kuat, bahkan terkadang menjadi masalah dalam hubungan kedua negara serumpun tersebut, Indonesia dan Malaysia.KATA KUNCI: Hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia, persamaan budaya, figur pemimpin, kepentingan nasional, dan keamanan bersama.ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “Malaysias Foreign Policy toward Indonesia, 1957-1976: From Confrontation toward Cooperation”. In the course of its history, the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia has unique characteristics. As the nearest neighbors and has a much similarities in various aspects, such as the legacy of history, religion, language, and culture, relations between the two countries do not always run smoothly. This paper will look at the history of relations between Indonesia and Malaysia, which have ups and downs. In looking at the dynamics of the relations between the two countries, factors of national interests and leading figure are the most important thing. If national interests and leading figure of the two countries are different, the relations between the two countries are strained, as has been seen during the reign of Tunku Abdul Rahman in Malaysia (1957-1970) and the government of Soekarno in Indonesia (1945-1966). Conversely, if the national interests and leading figure of both countries have in common, then, the relations between the two countries are good, as shown at the time of Tun Abdul Razak’s reign in Malaysia (1970-1976) and Soeharto’s government in Indonesia (1966-1998). Thus, the relationship of history and other factors in common does not necessarily become a strong bond, even sometimes to be a problem in the relations between the two brother countries, Indonesia and Malaysia.KEY WORD: Indonesia-Malaysia relations, cultural similarities, leading figure, national interests, and common security.About the Author: Dr. Linda Sunarti adalah Dosen di Program Studi Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya UI (Universitas Indonesia), Kampus UI Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademik, penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: lindsayrani@yahoo.co.ukHow to cite this article? Sunarti, Linda. (2014). “Politik Luar Negeri Malaysia terhadap Indonesia, 1957-1976: Dari Konfrontasi Menuju Kerjasama” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.65-80. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 2, 2014); Revised (February 5, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Mengenal Lebih Dekat Triad dan Serikat Rahasia Tiongkok Muas, Tuty Enoch
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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IKHTISAR: Ketika mendengar atau membaca kata “Triad”, hampir semua orang akan menghubungkannya dengan kelompok “bawah tanah” atau kriminal di Tiongkok. Stigma itu memang tidak salah, karena dalam sejarah Tiongkok, “Triad” tercatat sebagai bagian dari Serikat Rahasia atau “Mimi Shehui”, yang aktivitasnya ada di sekitar perjudian, pelacuran, penyelundupan, perampokan, dan bahkan pembunuhan. Di sisi lain, tokoh penggerak revolusi Tiongkok, Sun Yatsen, mengakui peran Serikat Rahasia dalam revolusi. Fakta yang kontradiktif tersebut menarik untuk diteliti. Bagaimana sebenarnya asal-usul dan seluk-beluk Serikat Rahasia di Tiongkok?; mengapa “Triad” yang menjadi ikon Serikat Rahasia Tiongkok sampai sekarang?; serta apa saja aktivitasnya dan bagaimana respon rakyat Tiongkok terhadapnya? Beberapa pertanyaan tersebut merupakan pokok bahasan yang dianalisis melalui pendekatan sejarah. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperkenalkan secara lebih utuh tentang Serikat Rahasia di Tiongkok, terutama perkembangannya di abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20. Perkembangan “Triad” berjalan beriringan dengan perkembangan diaspora bangsa Tionghoa di seluruh dunia. Dewasa ini, baik sistem rekrutmen keanggotaan dan tata-kelola organisasi maupun aktivitas “Triad” pasti lebih kompleks. Oleh karena itu, kajian tentang “Triad” tetap relevan untuk ditelusuri dan didalami. KATA KUNCI: “Triad”, Serikat Rahasia, asal-usul, seluk-beluk, kontradiksi, pendekatan sejarah, dan bangsa Tionghoa. ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “Knowing More of the Triad and Secret Society in China”. When hear or read the word of Triads, almost everyone will associate it with the Chinese “under ground” or criminal community. This stigma of course did no wrong, because in Chinese history, Triads was recorded as part of a Secret Society or “Mimi Shehui”, which its activities were around gambling, prostitution, smuggling, robbery, and even murder. On the other hand, Sun Yatsen as a leader of Chinese revolution, has recognized the role of Secret Societies in the revolution. The facts of being contradictory is interesting to be researched. How exactly the origin and the ins and outs of Secret Societies in China?; why until now Triads become the icon of China Secret Societies?; and what are their activities and how the Chinese peoples response to them? The questions are the subjects that will be analyzed through historical approach. The goal is to introducing the Chinese Secret Societies in a more comprehensive way, especially their development in the 19th century until the early 20th century. The development of Triads run in tandem with the development of Chinese people diaspora around the world. Nowadays, the system of recruitment, membership, and governance of the organization and activities of Triads is certainly more complex. Therefore, study of Triads remain relevant to be searched and explored.KEY WORD: Triad, Secret Societies, origin, the ins and outs of, contradiction, historical approach, and Chinese people.About the Author: Dr. Tuty Enoch Muas adalah Dosen Senior di Program Studi Cina, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya UI (Universitas Indonesia), Kampus UI Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademis, penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: mutu1722@yahoo.comHow to cite this article? Muas, Tuty Enoch. (2014). “Mengenal Lebih Dekat Triad dan Serikat Rahasia Tiongkok” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.11-28. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 18, 2014); Revised (February 18, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Regional Dimension of Malaysia’s Foreign Policy during the Cold War, 1957-1989: A Historical Evaluation Tajari, Arvin
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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ABSTRACT: Malaysia, like other countries in the world, has formulated her foreign policy to achieve her national interests. Foreign policy of Malaysia has been developed since the independent, and regional dimension played an important role in shaping Malaysia’s foreign policy. This article examines Malaysia’s foreign policy since the independent from the regional perspective. It is understood that Malaysia’s foreign policy is very much shaped from the Southeast Asia region, in particular ASEAN (Association of South East Asia Nations) itself. Since the independent, Southeast Asia becomes one of the major concerns in Malaysia’s foreign policy, where the region experienced major event happened directly and indirectly influenced foreign policy of the countries in Southeast Asia. In fact, regional dimension has shaped Malaysia’s foreign policy from the beginning of the independent. The study, firstly, evaluate on historical background on Malaysia’s foreign policy since the first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, until Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. Secondly, the study seeks to highlight main issues, orientation, and changes in Malaysia’s foreign policy by examining the different administration. Thirdly, the article seeks to look the importance of Malaysia’s foreign policy within the regional aspect. KEY WORD: Malaysia’s foreign policy, national interests, the roles of prime ministers, regional cooperation, security, and economic development.IKHTISAR: Artikel ini bertajuk “Dimensi Serantau dalam Dasar Luar Malaysia semasa Perang Dingin, 1957-1989: Satu Penilaian Sejarah”. Malaysia, seperti negara-negara lain di dunia, telah merumuskan dasar luar untuk mencapai kepentingan negara berkenaan. Dasar luar Malaysia telah dibangunkan sejak merdeka, dan dimensi serantau memainkan peranan yang penting dalam membentuk dasar luarnya. Artikel ini mengkaji dasar luar Malaysia sejak merdeka dari perspektif serantau. Difahamkan bahawa dasar luar Malaysia adalah sangat direka-bentuk oleh rantau Asia Tenggara, khususnya ASEAN (Persatuan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara) itu sendiri. Sejak merdeka, Asia Tenggara menjadi salah satu kebimbangan utama dalam dasar luar Malaysia, dimana rantau ini mengalami peristiwa besar yang berlaku secara langsung dan tidak langsung mempengaruhi dasar luar negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Malah, dimensi serantau telah membentuk dasar luar Malaysia dari permulaan kemerdekaan. Kajian ini, pertamanya, menilai tentang latar belakang sejarah dasar luar negara Malaysia sejak Perdana Menteri pertama, Tunku Abdul Rahman, sehingga Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. Keduanya, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan isu-isu utama, orientasi, dan perubahan dalam dasar luar Malaysia dengan memeriksa pentadbiran yang berbeza. Ketiganya, artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat kepentingan dasar luar Malaysia dalam aspek serantau.KATA KUNCI: Dasar luar Malaysia, kepentingan negara, peranan perdana menteri, kerjasama serantau, keselamatan, dan pembangunan ekonomi.About the Author: Arvin Tajari is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Social Science and Liberal Art UCSI (University College Sedaya International), No.1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.  He is also as Ph.D. Candidate for Security and International Relations at the School of History, Politic, and Strategy UKM (National University of Malaysia). His e-mail address is arvintajari@gmail.com  How to cite this article? Tajari, Arvin. (2014). “Regional Dimension of Malaysia’s Foreign Policy during the Cold War, 1957-1989: A Historical Evaluation” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.81-90. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 12, 2014); Revised (February 15, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Sejarah Sosio-Budaya Kraftangan di Brunei Darussalam: Barangan Logam dan Kain Tenunan Haji Wahsalfelah, Siti Norkhalbi
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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IKHTISAR: Dari catatan sejarah menunjukkan bahawa Negara Brunei Darussalam kaya dengan warisan khazanah budaya material. Budaya material ini adalah merupakan hasil pertukangan tangan, atau kraftangan, yang dicipta untuk memenuhi keperluan masyarakat yang selalunya mempunyai kepentingan bersesuaian dengan perubahan dan perkembangan semasa. Budaya material mempunyai peranan yang wajar dan realistik dalam kehidupan, sama ada di rumah atau pada peringkat komuniti. Kraftangan ialah suatu peninggalan yang diwariskan dari satu generasi ke satu generasi yang lain. Penghasilan kraftangan ini juga adalah sumber ekonomi yang dapat membantu memperbaiki status ekonomi pengeluar. Di samping itu, hasil kraftangan ini juga mempunyai kepentingan simbolik, seperti memberikan perlambangan identiti budaya dan bangsa. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan beberapa jenis kraftangan yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat Brunei dan kepentingannya dalam masyarakat Brunei. Di samping itu akan dilihat juga peranan masyarakat dan pihak kerajaan dalam memastikan kesinambungan pengeluaran dan penggunaan budaya material ini sebagai suatu langkah yang penting dalam usaha untuk mempertahankan warisan budaya atau identiti ke-Brunei-an.KATA KUNCI: Budaya material, kraftangan, logam, kain tenunan, sumber ekonomi, jatidiri dan identiti bangsa, serta masyarakat Brunei.ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “Socio-Cultural History of Handicrafts in Brunei Darussalam: Metal and Fabric Weave”. The historical record shows that Brunei Darussalam is rich in heritage of material cultural. This material culture is the result of crafts that are created to meet the needs of the community which often have an interest in accordance with the changes and developments. Material culture had a reasonable and realistic in life, whether at home or at the community level. Handicraft is a legacy passed down from one generation to another generation. Handicraft production is also of economic resources that can help improve the economic status of the manufacturer. In addition, handicrafts also have symbolic significance, such as providing representation and cultural identity of the nation. This paper will discuss several kinds of handicrafts produced by the Brunei and its interest in the Brunei community. In addition will be seen the role of society and the government to ensure the continuity of production and consumption of material culture as an important step in the effort to defend the cultural heritage or identity of the Bruneian.KEY WORD: Material culture, handicrafts, metal, cloth weaving, economic resources, self-esteem and national identity, and community of Brunei.About the Author: Siti Norkhalbi Haji Wahsalfelah, Ph.D. ialah Pensyarah di Akademi Pengajian Brunei UBD (Universiti Brunei Darussalam), Jalan Tunku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, Negara Brunei Darussalam. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, penulis boleh dihubungi dengan alamat emel: norkhalbi.wahsalfelah@ubd.edu.bnHow to cite this article? Haji Wahsalfelah, Siti Norkhalbi. (2014). “Sejarah Sosio-Budaya Kraftangan di Brunei Darussalam: Barangan Logam dan Kain Tenunan” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.29-40. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 28, 2014); Revised (February 28, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Teks-teks Humor Politik di Indonesia: Sekedar Hiburan atau Sekaligus Kritikan? Lesmana, Maman
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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IKHTISAR: Dalam buku yang dieditori oleh Willibald Ruch (2007) disebutkan bahwa ada lima fungsi humor yang berkaitan dengan politik, yaitu: (1) untuk mengekspresikan nilai dan sikap politik seseorang secara tidak langsung; (2) melihat sosok penguasa yang bobrok; (3) mengekspresikan sesuatu hal yang tidak bisa ditolerir; (4) mengeksplor topik-topik yang tabu; dan (5) mencapai suatu keadilan. Lalu, bagaimanakah fungsi  humor politik di Indonesia? Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bentuk dan isi teks humor politik di Indonesia. Fungsi humor politik di Indonesia, seperti halnya humor pada umumnya, oleh kebanyakan orang masih dianggap sebagai sarana hiburan, bukan sebagai alat untuk memahami isu politik atau meningkatkan keefektifan pesan politik. Jadi, orang membaca humor politik bukan untuk melihat isu-isu politik yang terdapat di dalamnya, tapi untuk melihat unsur-unsur humornya. Sehingga, berhasil atau tidaknya teks tersebut tidak dilihat dari tajam atau tidaknya kritikan politik yang terdapat di dalamnya, tapi dari lucu atau tidaknya humor yang dibacanya. Dari teks-teks yang diteliti ditemukan bahwa jika dilihat dari bentuk dan isinya,  teks-teks humor politik di Indonesia memang lebih banyak yang bersifat fiksi daripada yang non-fiksi, sehingga fungsinya pun lebih banyak ke arah hiburan daripada kritikan.KATA KUNCI: Humor, politik, masyarakat Indonesia, hiburan, kritikan, fiksi, non-fiksi, dan fungsi kontrol sosial.ABSTRACT: This article entitled “Texts in Indonesian Political Humor: Mass Criticism or Just Entertainment?”. In a book edited by Willibald Ruch (2007) mentioned that there are five functions of humor that related to politics, namely: (1) to express ones political values and attitudes indirectly; (2) look dilapidated authority figures; (3) express something that cannot be tolerated; (4) explore taboo topics; and (5) achieve a justice. Then, how is the function of political humor in Indonesia? This article aims to reveal the form and content of the text in Indonesian political humor. Function of humor in Indonesian politics, as well as humor in general, is still regarded by most people as a means of entertainment, not as a tool for understanding political issues or improve the effectiveness of political message. Thus, someone is to read the political humor not to see the political issues contained in it, but to see the elements of humor. Thus, success or failure of the text is not seen from whether or not the sharp of political criticism contained in it, but from whether or not the humor funny read. From the texts studied found that if seen from the shape and contents, texts in Indonesian political humor are more fiction than non-fiction, so the function was more towards entertainment rather than criticism.KEY WORD: Humor, politics, the people of Indonesia, entertainment, criticism, fiction, non-fiction, and function of social control.About the Author: Dr. Maman Lesmana adalah Dosen di Program Studi Bahasa Arab, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya UI (Universitas Indonesia), Kampus UI Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademik, penulis boleh dihubungi dengan alamat emel: malessutiasumarga@yahoo.comHow to cite this article? Lesmana, Maman. (2014). “Teks-teks Humor Politik di Indonesia: Sekedar Hiburan atau Sekaligus Kritikan?” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.91-100. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 17, 2014); Revised (February 17, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
United Nations Involvement in Kashmir Conflict Wani, Hilal Ahmad; Suwirta, Andi
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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ABSTRACT: Third party involvement or mediation is one of the methods to resolve the conflict. Mediation is the process of conflict resolution. In Kashmir conflict, the major involvement for the conflict resolution is the role of United Nations (UN). Actually, Kashmiris have been suppressed through the process of centralization and over centralization. Anyway, United Nations resolutions strengthened the Kashmiri movement of freedom. However, it is also reality that, somehow and somewhere, UN had failed in Kashmir conflict in order to give the final touch to its resolutions. In addition, Kashmir conflict remains a longstanding dispute in international politics. The Kashmir imbroglio could have been resolved if UN had taken its responsibility. On the other side, the main failure of third party mediation in Kashmir context is India’s strong rejection to third party mediation. It is not wrong that if Kashmiris were demanding their due share and due rights that is right of self-determination and freedom. All parties of the Kashmir conflict should respect the covenants and resolutions of UN and protect human blood, which is costless. Finally, it can be said that India cannot win the hearts of Kashmiris through might and force basis, rather it is only possible through tolerance, love, respect the dignity of Kashmiris, and above all through greater autonomy. KEY WORD: United Nations, Kashmir conflict, India, Pakistan, third party, conflict resolution, and right of self-determination.  IKHTISAR: Artikel ini berjudul “Keterlibatan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dalam Konflik Kashmir”. Keterlibatan pihak ketiga atau mediasi merupakan salah satu metode untuk menyelesaikan konflik. Mediasi adalah proses penyelesaian konflik. Dalam konflik Kashmir, keterlibatan utama untuk resolusi konflik adalah peran PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa). Sebenarnya, Kashmir telah ditekan melalui proses sentralisasi dan sentralisasi yang berlebihan. Lagi pula, resolusi PBB memperkuat gerakan kemerdekaan Kashmir. Namun juga kenyataan bahwa, entah bagaimana dan dimana, PBB telah gagal dalam konflik Kashmir untuk memberikan sentuhan akhir untuk resolusinya. Selain itu, konflik Kashmir tetap menjadi sengketa lama dalam politik internasional. Keruwetan Kashmir bisa saja diselesaikan jika PBB telah mengambil tanggung jawabnya. Di sisi lain, kegagalan utama mediasi pihak ketiga dalam konteks Kashmir adalah penolakan yang kuat dari India untuk mediasi pihak ketiga. Maka tidak salah jika Kashmir menuntut bagian dan hak-hak mereka yakni hak penentuan nasib sendiri dan kemerdekaan. Semua pihak dalam konflik Kashmir harus menghormati perjanjian dan resolusi PBB dan melindungi jiwa manusia, yang tiada terkira. Akhirnya, dapat dikatakan bahwa India tidak bisa memenangkan hati rakyat Kashmir melalui kekuatan dan basis tentara, melainkan hanya mungkin melalui toleransi, cinta, menghormati martabat rakyat Kashmir, dan di atas semuanya melalui otonomi yang lebih besar.KATA KUNCI: Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, konflik Kashmir, India, Pakistan, pihak ketiga, resolusi konflik, dan hak menentukan nasib sendiri.  About the Authors: Dr. Hilal Ahmad Wani is a Research Fellow at Centre for Civilizational Dialogue UM (University of Malaya) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of History Education UPI (Indonesia University of Education) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Corresponding authors are: wanihilal@gmail.com and atriwusidna@gmail.comHow to cite this article? Wani, Hilal Ahmad & Andi Suwirta. (2014). “United Nations Involvement in Kashmir Conflict” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.41-50. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 5, 2014); Revised (February 5, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Pendidikan Sejarah di Malaysia Dewasa ini: Sejauh Manakah ia Relevan kepada Pembinaan Nasion? Adam, Ahmat
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
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IKHTISAR: Pendidikan sejarah, bagi negara multi-etnik dan multi-bahasa seperti di Malaysia, memerlukan perhatian khusus dari pemerintah karena ia bisa dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk menanamkan semangat “esprit de corp” atau rasa persatuan antara sesama warga negara. Sementara itu, pendidikan sejarah di Malaysia menempuh era baru apabila mata pelajaran sejarah dijadikan subjek wajib lulus oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia untuk ujian SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia) menjelang akhir tahun 2013. Tetapi untuk pelaksanaan yang bijak, rencana pengajaran sejarah di sekolah-sekolah harus membereskan beberapa masalah, seperti perancangan kurikulum yang semrawut, isi silabus dan materi buku pelajaran yang tidak seimbang, serta pendekatan yang membawa persepsi bahwa sejarah Malaysia tidak inklusif untuk semua suku. Ikut dibicarakan adalah langkah-langkah yang harus diambil agar pengajaran sejarah di sekolah berdasarkan prinsip dan metode sejarah yang nenekankan objektivitas dan pencarian kebenaran. Makalah berikut ini membicarakan isu-isu pengajaran sejarah di sekolah-sekolah dan coba membahas persoalan-persoalan pendidikan sejarah serta memberikan saran-saran untuk mencari jalan keluar dengan tujuan menyelesaikan masalah-masalah tersebut demi peningkatan kualitas pengajaran dan penelitian sejarah.KATA KUNCI: Pendidikan sejarah, negara-bangsa Malaysia, guru, siswa, dan kurikulum, serta objektivitas dalam sejarah. ABSTRACT: This article entitled “History Education in Malaysia Today: Which Far it Relevant to Development of the Nation?”. History education, for a multi-ethnic and multi-language country such as in Malaysia, require special attention from the government because it can be used as a means to instill the spirit of "esprit de corp" or a sense of unity among the citizens. Beside, education in Malaysia has now reached a new turn when passing the history subject is made compulsory for all secondary school students sitting for the School Certificate Examinations. This requirement which was first implemented for candidates who sat for the said examinations towards the end of 2013, however, means that a review of the history curriculum and syllabus is needed in order to ensure that the bureaucrats involved in the drafting of a new curriculum and syllabus understand the proper notion of the historical method and the correct understanding of historical concepts such as objectivity and the search for truth. Also needed is the conscious effort at ensuring the writing of school textbooks are free from bias and ideological propaganda in order to demonstrate inclusiveness for all Malaysians. The following article attempts to demonstrate the weaknesses inherent in the present state of affairs in regard to history teaching in secondary schools and to propose certain steps in order to promote a better understanding of the concept of historical inquiry and enhance the quality of history teaching in schools.  KEY WORD: History education, nation-state of Malaysia, teachers, students, and curriculum, and objectivity in history.About the Author: Profesor Emeritus Dr. Ahmat Adam ialah seorang ilmuwan dan sejarawan independen dari Malaysia, yang pakar tentang sejarah pers di Indonesia. Banyak melakukan penelitian dan menulis buku, diantaranya adalah Sejarah Awal Pers dan Kebangkitan Kesadaran Keindonesiaan (Jakarta: Penerbit Hasta Mitra, 2003). Untuk kepentingan akademik, penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: ahmatadam41@gmail.comHow to cite this article? Adam, Ahmat. (2014). “Pendidikan Sejarah di Malaysia Dewasa ini: Sejauh Manakah ia Relevan kepada Pembinaan Nasion?” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.101-114. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (December 22, 2013); Revised (February 2, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Kesejarahan Ajaran Sifat 20 di Alam Melayu Syukri Nik Wan, Masakaree Ardae @ Nik Muhammad
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : SUSURGALUR

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IKHTISAR: Ramai ulama Islam yang terkemudian mencampurkan penulisan akidah dengan ilmu falsafah. Percampuran ini menimbulkan kesamaran tentang fahaman akidah Tauhid. Dalam rangka menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut, Al-Imam al-Sanusi memperkenalkan ajaran Sifat 20 menerusi penulisan “Umm al-Barahin” dan menjadi pilihan bagi kebanyakan ulama di pusat-pusat pengajian Islam. Bilakah munculnya ajaran tersebut di alam Melayu? Artikel ini cuba memecahkan persoalan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesejarahan ajaran Sifat 20 di alam Melayu. Bagi mencapaikan objektif tersebut, kajian ini menggunakan analisis kandungan melalui data perpustakaan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa ajaran Sifat 20 telah muncul kali pertama di utara Afrika pada abad ke-15 M (Masehi) dan tersebar kemudiannya ke alam Arab. Pada abad ke-17 M, ia telah terdedah pada alam Melayu melalui penulisan beberapa orang ulama, antaranya Ahmad bin Aminuddin Qadhi, Al-Syaikh Nur al-Din al-Raniri, dan Syeikh Abdul Rauf Singkil. Pada abad ke-18 M, penulisan Sifat 20 “Umm al-Barahin” mulai diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Malayu oleh Syeikh Muhammad Zain Faqih Jalaluddin al-Asyi, diikuti dengan Syeikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani, dan disebar-luas kemudiannya oleh Syeikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fatani pada abad ke-19 M.KATA KUNCI: Sifat 20, kesejarahan, “Umm al-Barahin”, Al-Imam al-Sanusi, pusat pengajian Islam, dan alam Melayu.ABSTRACT: This paper entitled “An Historical Account on the Teachings of the 20 Attributes in the Malay World”. Many of the late Islamic scholars writings mixed faith with philosophy. This mixing had created ambiguity on the notion of the belief in the unity of God. In order to address these problems, Al-Imam al-Sanusi introduced the teachings of the 20 Attributes of Allah through his book “Umm al-Barahin” which became the choice materials for many scholars in Islamic studies centers. When did these teachings emerge in the Malay world? This paper, thus, makes an attempt to resolve the issue. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to examine the historical account on the teachings of the 20 Attributes of Allah in the Malay world. To achieve the objective, this study used content analysis through library data. The research findings showed that the teachings on the 20 Attributes of Allah first appeared in northern Africa in the 15th century and later spread to the Arab world. In the 17th century, it was exposed to the Malay world through the writings of some scholars, such as Ahmad bin Aminuddin Qadhi, Al-Syaikh Nur al-Din al-Raniri, and Syeikh Abdul Rauf Singkil. In the 18th century, the 20 Attributes of Allah in “Umm al-Barahin” begun to be translated into the Malay language by Sheikh Muhammad Zain Faqih Jalaluddin al-Asyi, followed by Sheikh Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatani which was widespread later by Sheikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Zain al-Fatani in the 19th century.KEY WORD: 20 Attributes, historical account, “Umm al-Barahin”, Al-Imam al-Sanusi, Islamic studies center, and Malay world.About the Author: Dr. Masakaree Ardae @ Nik Muhammad Syukri Nik Wan ialah Dekan Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Kolej Universiti Islam Sultan Azlan Shah, 33000 Bukit Chandan, Kuala Kangsar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, penulis boleh dihubungi dengan alamat emel: masakaree@kuisas.edu.my dan mohdsyukri_nikwan@yahoo.comHow to cite this article? Syukri Nik Wan, Masakaree Ardae @ Nik Muhammad. (2014). “Kesejarahan Ajaran Sifat 20 di Alam Melayu” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.51-64. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 17, 2014); Revised (February 17, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).
Learning from the Past: A Contentious Issue? Ahmad, Qasim
SUSURGALUR Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : SUSURGALUR

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ABSTRACT: Given that history is “man-made” and those who study or read history are men and women who carry with them their own respective perspectives and value systems, it is difficult to imagine that people will learn the same lessons from history. This is not to say that one cannot learn from history; one certainly can, but expect not that one’s view would be broadly shared by others. This article looks at the controversy surrounding the often heard exhortation that one ought to take lessons from history, lest one would succumb to repeating past follies. However, the aptness of trying to learn from history has often been questioned. This skepticism is understandable as it is said that the exercise cannot possibly be free from subjective elements. On the other hand, a persistent doubting or outright denying of the appropriateness of trying to draw lessons from the historical past, could in a way, undermine the very raison d’être or rationale for studying history itself. While some might be prepared to debunk history as a discipline, others would certainly want to defend its usefulness. In an attempt to shed some light to this seeming quandary, this article proposes that our attention be directed to the “obvious” lessons that we can glean from the past, contentious though that proposal might be. KEY WORD: History, historical lessons, interpretations, perspectives, value systems, and contentious issue. IKHTISAR: Artikel ini bertajuk “Belajar dari Masa Lalu: Satu Isu Perbalahan?”. Memandangkan bahawa sejarah adalah “buatan manusia” dan mereka yang mengkaji atau membaca sejarah adalah lelaki dan wanita yang membawa bersama perspektif mereka masing-masing dan sistem nilai, ia adalah sukar untuk membayangkan bahawa orang akan belajar mengenai pelajaran yang sama dari sejarah. Ini bukan untuk mengatakan bahawa kita tidak boleh belajar dari sejarah; satu yang pasti boleh, tetapi tidak mengharapkan pandangan seseorang akan dikongsi secara meluas oleh orang lain. Artikel ini meninjau kontroversi yang sering berlegar di sekitar saranan agar kita mengambil pelajaran dari sejarah demi menghindari kesilapan masa silam. Namun begitu, kewajaran gesaan ini sering dipersoalkan. Sikap sangsi ini tidak sukar difahami kerana usaha sedemikian itu dikatakan tidak mungkin telerai dari unsur subjektif. Sebaliknya, tindakan mempersoalkan secara berterusan atau menafikan secara mutlak kecocokan upaya mendapatkan iktibar dari sejarah boleh, dari satu segi, menjejaskan asas pengkajian sejarah itu sendiri. Mungkin sesetengah pihak tidak keberatan untuk mencabar keutuhan sejarah sebagai satu displin, tetapi tentunya ada golongan lain yang mahu membela peranannya. Sebagai satu langkah untuk menghuraikan sedikit-sebanyak dilema yang kelihatan ini, artikel ini mengajak para pembaca memberikan tumpuan kepada pengajaran “jelas” yang dapat diperolehi dari sejarah, biarpun anjuran itu juga boleh mengundang kontroversi.KATA KUNCI: Sejarah, pelajaran sejarah, tafsiran, perspektif, sistem nilai, dan isu perbalahan.About the Author: Prof. Dato’ Dr. Qasim Ahmad is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies UiTM (Universiti Teknologi MARA), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. E-mail: qasim@salam.uitm.edu.myHow to cite this article? Ahmad, Qasim. (2014). “Learning from the Past: A Contentious Issue?” in SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, Vol.2(1), Maret, pp.1-10. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UBD Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, ISSN 2302-5808, ISSN 2302-5808. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 15, 2014); Revised (February 25, 2014); and Published (Maret 24, 2014).

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