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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August" : 16 Documents clear
Shear Performance of Deep Concrete Beams with Openings Using Waste Tyre Steel Fibres: FEM and ANN Analysis Daudi Salezi Augustino
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-02

Abstract

The creation of transverse openings in beams triggers the shear performance. The dual impact of height and length on the overall shear performance and strain variations in reinforcements of deep concrete beams with and without fibres was assessed to investigate the effect of opening in the beam. This effect of opening was explored and modelled using finite element software Abaqus and predicted using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The data set for ANN was 56 deep concrete beams, while for the finite element model (FEM), 12 deep concrete beams were used. The effect of input parameters in the ANN model was assessed through sensitivity analysis. Results show that with an increase in opening depth, the strain in top steel reinforcement shifted to tensile strain, resulting in premature beam failure. In addition, experimental and FEM shear resistance had a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.1, 5.0, and 20.6% for deep beams without fibres, with fibres and fibre mesh, respectively. Compared to available analytical models, the ANN model reasonably predicts the shear resistance with an R2of 0.84 and a mean square error (MSE) of 0.01. The use of the ANN and FEM models is recommended as they save time, and the prediction does not involve degradation of the environment, hence demonstrating sustainable construction practices. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-02 Full Text: PDF
Load Capacity and Bending Strength of Double-Acting Friction Stir Welded AA6061 Hollow Panels Nurul Muhayat; Muhammad Budi Utama; Ericha Dwi Wahyu Syah Putri; Eko Prasetya Budiana; Aditya Rio Prabowo; Yohanes P. D. S. Depari; . Triyono
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-018

Abstract

Aluminum alloy hollow panels are essential components in both civil and mechanical structures, such as building floors or large vehicle platforms. They enhance rigidity while staying lightweight and conserving material volume. In its application, this panel must be joined using welding methods. One common issue encountered in aluminum welding is the formation of porosity defects. Solid-state welding methods like Friction Stir Welding (FSW) can be a solution to address this problem. The FSW joining process on hollow panels cannot be completed in one welding operation due to their thickness. The FSW process must be performed on both surfaces, which requires a relatively long time. Therefore, FSW needs to be developed into a Double-acting FSW that utilizes two tools simultaneously. These two tools introduce two sources of heat input, pressing force, and friction-stirring, resulting in a novel response that needs further research. This study delves into the impact of welding speed variations in Double-Acting FSW on the load capacity and bending strength of AA 6061 hollow panel joints. Welding speeds of 20, 30, and 40 mm/min were tested alongside rotational speed (1500 rpm), tilt angle (2°), and shoulder diameter (24 mm). It was discovered that reducing welding speed enhances both load capacity and bending strength. Notably, specimens welded at 20 mm/min exhibited a load capacity of 15.61 kN and bending strength of 52 MPa, highlighting the potential of slower speeds for superior weld performance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-018 Full Text: PDF
Experimental Study on the Effect of Flow Velocity and Slope on Stream Bank Stability (Part I) Jawad Kadhim; Mohanned Q. Waheed; Haitham A. Hussein; Saad F. A. Al-Wakel
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-013

Abstract

The erosion of riverbanks is a significant and capricious national concern. The Al Muwahada channel in Iraq experiences instability in its banks, resulting in failure, retreat, and morphological alterations. These issues are mostly caused by factors such as the velocity of the flow, the angle of the slope, and type of soil. This study investigated the behavior of canal bank soil in response to erosion and variations in slope angle. Therefore, a physical model of a case study was established in the laboratory. Additionally, a slope angle of 26˚ is being utilized, which has not been previously studied in the laboratory. This angle will be tested with five different velocity values: 0.101 m/s, 0.116 m/s, 0.12 m/s, 0.13 m/s, and 0.135 m/s. The bank's deformation was measured for a period of 12 hours, which was divided into 4 equal intervals for each velocity. The study determined that a riverbank with a slope of 26˚ is more resistant to erosion when the velocity of the water is below 0.12 m/s. Velocities equal to or greater than 0.12 m/s have a substantial impact on the erosion of the riverbed. According to this study, a velocity of 0.12 m/s or higher leads to increased erosion of the riverbank. This is equivalent to a velocity of 0.804 m/s in the prototype channel. The section of the riverbank that has suffered the greatest damage due to erosion is the upper two-thirds. The used methodology supports global efforts to increase information about the behavior of river banks with unexplored rivers that have different flow velocities and bank slope angles. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-013 Full Text: PDF
Enhancing Soil Stability through Innovative Microbial-Induced Calcium Carbonate Techniques with Sustainable Ingredient Samer Rababah; Ahmad Alawneh; Borhan A. Albiss; Hussien H. Aldeeky; Eman J. Bani Ismaeel; Sawsan Mutlaq
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-08

Abstract

Expansive soil poses significant challenges for civil engineers, leading to structural damage, particularly in lightly loaded structures. This study employs an innovative and sustainable recipe to stabilize highly expansive soil using the Microbial-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) technique by substituting conventional ingredients with olive mill wastewater and hydrated lime. A series of laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the improvement in Atterberg's limits, Free Swell, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and pH, in addition to a series of qualitative measurements, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optical Microscopic Images, and bacteria growth rate. Different mellowing periods and different cementation concentrations were used. The proposed recipe results showed a 50% reduction in the soil's free swell value. The UCS of the treated soil using the proposed recipe was eight times that of the untreated soil and twice that of the soil treated with the traditional recipe. The SEM images showed flocculation and aggregation in the soil particles, with the voids becoming smaller and filled with calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The XRD results showed the formation of new CaCO3particles. The optimized recipe demonstrated remarkable enhancement improvement and significant changes in soil physical properties and microstructure. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-08 Full Text: PDF
Retrofitting Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) Connections Using Haunches and Extended End-Plates Budi Suswanto; Fikri Ghifari; Yuyun Tajunnisa; Data Iranata
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-03

Abstract

In Indonesia, one of the most common forms of connection is the Bolted Flange Plate (BFP) moment connection. Nevertheless, their current setups do not satisfy the strict requirements outlined in AISC 358-22. Therefore, this study uses advanced sub-assemblage numerical modeling simulations using ANSYS software to propose a novel way to integrate a half WF extended end-plate connection and trapezoidal haunch in order to fortify BFP moment connections, which does not meet the requirement required by AISC 358-22. Methodologically, the research entails comprehensive modeling and analysis of the proposed retrofit scheme. Six distinct connection models were scrutinized: the BFP-UR representing the existing connection extracted from a structure in Surabaya; the BFP-R4E and BFP-R4ES models, embodying connection retrofits with a half WF extended end-plate; and the BFP-RTR and BFP-RSTR models, embodying connection retrofits with a trapezoidal haunch. Additionally, the BFP-RTRE model integrates both an extended end plate and a trapezoidal haunch in the retrofit scheme. The analytical findings unveil that the proposed strengthening paradigm manifests heightened and superior rotational moment characteristics relative to the pre-reinforcement configuration, albeit encountering stiffness degradation attributable to buckling effects on the main beam. Notably, the analysis indicates that degradation ensues when rotational displacement exceeds 4%, with only the BFP-RTR and BFP-RSTR models exhibiting degradation at a 3% rotation threshold. Crucially, the connections demonstrate the capability to withstand 80% of the beam’s plastic moment under a 4% rotational displacement, thereby aligning with the stringent requisites delineated in AISC 341-22. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-03 Full Text: PDF
The Buildings’ Reliability Calculating Method Using a Simple Seismic Impact Model Vladimir Lapin; Yeraly Shokbarov; Yerken Aldakhov
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-019

Abstract

Non-canonical spectral representation of seismic activity is employed to assess the reliability of nonlinearly modeled buildings. Seismic impact is modeled using a random process, represented by simple functions with random parameters. We consider random processes with correlation functions expressed as a sum of cosine-exponential terms. Reliability, defined as the probability of failure-free operation, is determined using statistical testing methods. The reliability calculation algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. As an illustrative example, we calculate the reliability of a section of a one-story industrial building frame modeled by a nonlinear system. Failure is defined as exceeding experimentally determined permissible displacement limits. Our calculations involve up to 2000 realizations of the random process. We analyze histograms, empirical distribution functions, and reliability values of maximum fragment movements. We find that using 100 realizations of the random process yields satisfactory accuracy in determining reliability. This reliability calculation method is recommended for rapid reliability estimates across various structure types, including those employing seismic isolation systems. We also observe a correlation between displacement magnitudes calculated under accelerograms and a random process represented in a non-canonical form. Thus, we recommend this method for reliability assessments in multi-story buildings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-019 Full Text: PDF
Performance Index Model of Small Dam in Semi-Arid Area Priseila Pentewati; Pitojo Tri Juwono; Lily M. Limantara; Moh. Sholichin
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-014

Abstract

The aim of this research is to build a model of small dam performance index in semi-arid areas by considering 4 aspects that are physical, institution, service, and operation and maintenance aspects. Research locations are 85 small dams that spread to 8 islands and 5 SWS in 22 regencies in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. The data consists of secondary data from BWS NT II and primary data from survey results and survey blank filling to 85 locations of small dams in the field. The methodology consists of Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) and Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG). The analysis result shows that physical; institution; service; and operation and maintenance aspects are significantly influenced by the performance index of small dams. The structural analysis expresses that physical; institution; service; and operation and maintenance aspects are positively and significantly influenced by the performance index of small dams. The novelty in this research is the performance index of small dams that is successfully developed and tested by using field data and GRG. In addition, this model gives accurate value to the performance index of small dams in semi-arid areas in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. However, the performance index model of small dams in semi-arid areas is formulated as follows: IK physical = 0.093 KT + 0.128 KTE + 0.159 KBS + 0.087 BPL + 0.155 JD + 0.145 KBLY + 0.233 KBP; IK institution = 0.58 DOP + 0.42 RA; IK service = 0.56 KBL + 0.09 AM + 0.12 VG + 0.09 WK + 0.14 PA; IKOM = 0.360 PKOP + 0.515 PPE + 0.125 KSOP. The general formulation for performance index of small dams is I IDK-Pentewati = 0.15 IK physical + 0.12 IK institution + 0.20 IK service + 0.53 IK OM. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-014 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Infilled Frames on Reduction Factor (R) for RC Irregular Structure Mai R. El-Hadary; Mahmoud E. Nasr; Wael El-Badrawy; Nasr E. Nasr
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-09

Abstract

Investigating the modification factors as a critical seismic design tool, delineating the anticipated level of inelastic behavior within structural systems during seismic events. Both damping and ductility are included in this factor, particularly at movement nearing maximum capacity. Moreover, it offers valuable insights into buildings' response during earthquakes and the anticipated behavior of structures compliant with building codes during design earthquakes. Essentially, it mirrors the structure's capacity to dissipate energy via an inelastic mechanism. In this research, the infill (RC) structures with various structural irregularities were focused. The selected irregularities included dimension, elevation, and mass. Infill location, number of bays, and seismic zone were the expected R factors for RC frames. Non-linear static pushover analysis was adopted in numerical simulation. The available data gathered from the literature was used to validate the outcomes of the developed models. Additionally, the effects of different types of soil were taken into consideration, and the research results demonstrated that the value of the modification factor (R) for change in stiffness and mass of high-rise buildings for bare and infill (RC) structures is less compared to irregular (RC) structures. It was concluded that the same structure with different types of soil and different parameters has a great effect on the value of R for bare and infill regular and irregular (RC) structures. Furthermore, recommendations for accurate R estimation for RC structures were discussed. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-09 Full Text: PDF
Silica Quartz Characteristics from Local Silica Sand on Compressive Strength of Mortar . Mansyur; M. Tumpu; Parea R. Rangan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-010

Abstract

Many minerals, including quartz sand, granite, and feldspar, contain silica (SiO2), a substance that performs the same function as quartz. Silicate (SiO2), the primary mineral found in silica sand, can be added to concrete mixtures to boost strength. This means that silica sand can be employed as a cementitious component in concrete because it is believed to have pozzolanic and amorphous qualities. This study is part of a series that tries to use silica sand from an area in Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to manufacture and describe quartz silica (QS) from Kolaka silica sand, which was acquired from Southeast Sulawesi province in eastern Indonesia. In order to improve the characteristics of mortar mixtures that use composite Portland cement as a binder, it is advised to combine the X-ray diffraction process with an evaluation of the impact of addition (QS) on their physical and mechanical properties (volume weight and compressive strength). Laboratory experimentation is being conducted here. Water, cement, and silica sand are used to make mortar specimens. Red and white silica sand is the type of silica utilized. The specimens were created with a 50 mm diameter and a 100 mm height. Tests on mortar's compressive strength were performed after 7, 14, and 28 days. The study's findings indicated that the amounts of quartz formed in red and white silica sand were 45.05% and 91.87%, respectively. The volume weight that results is approximately 2.78 gr/cm3. Red silica sand was tested for compressive strength at ages 7, 14, and 28 days, and the findings were 20.73, 23.32, and 24.61 MPa, respectively. White silica sand has compressive strengths of 21.83, 24.67, and 26.52 MPa. We are aware of no prior studies examining the use of crystalline silica from Kolaka silica sand to enhance the mechanical qualities of cement mortar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-010 Full Text: PDF
Natural Rubber Latex-Modified Concrete with Bottom Ash for Sustainable Rigid Pavements Karn Kantatham; Menglim Hoy; Sutamas Sansri; Suksun Horpibulsuk; Apichat Suddeepong; Apinun Buritatum; Teerasak Yaowarat; Bundan Ro; Veena Phunpeng
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-05

Abstract

This article investigates the viability of using natural rubber latex (NRL)-modified concrete with bottom ash (BA) as a partial replacement for river sand in sustainable rigid pavements. Concrete mixes with 10% and 20% BA replacement ratios and varying NRL dosages (0%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight of cement) were prepared and evaluated for their mechanical and microstructural characteristics. Results showed that BA substitution decreased the compressive strength of concrete. However, the addition of NRL at an optimal dosage of 1.0% significantly improved both the compressive and flexural strengths. The 10%BA+1.0%NRL and 20%BA+1.0%NRL mixes exhibited mechanical properties surpassing the control mix and meeting the minimum requirements for rigid pavement materials. However, excessive NRL content (1.5% and 2.0%) led to a reduction in mechanical strength. Scanning electron microscopy analysis exhibited a denser and more compact matrix in NRL-modified BA concrete, with NRL films enhancing the interfacial bonding and crack-bridging mechanism. Nonetheless, excessive NRL content resulted in the formation of abundant and thicker NRL films, which disrupted the continuity of the cement matrix and created weak zones. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the existence of crucial crystalline phases and their optimal balance in the 20%BA+1.0%NRL mix, contributing to its superior performance. Mixes with excessive NRL contents exhibited lower intensities of quartz, calcite, and portlandite peaks, indicating a disturbance in the proper formation and growth of essential crystalline phases. The findings demonstrated the potential of NRL-modified BA concrete as an eco-friendly and high-performance alternative for sustainable rigid pavements when using an optimal NRL dosage, promoting the employment of waste resources and reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-08-05 Full Text: PDF

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