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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
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Articles 20 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September" : 20 Documents clear
Assessing the Impact of Adverse Weather on Performance and Safety of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Abuzwidah, Muamer; Elawady, Ahmed; Wang, Ling; Zeiada, Waleed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-019

Abstract

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) might significantly enhance the transportation system by improving safety, accessibility, efficiency, and sustainability. However, a major challenge lies in ensuring CAVs can operate properly under diverse weather conditions, which have already proven to impair human driving capabilities. This pioneering study aims to bridge a crucial research gap by comprehensively assessing the performance of CAVs on traffic operations and safety across varying weather scenarios. Using microscopic traffic simulation in VISSIM and the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), this study evaluates key metrics, including average speed, delay, number of stops, travel time, and number of conflicts for different CAV market penetration rates. The analysis spans 21 scenarios under clear, light rain, heavy rain, and foggy conditions within a selected urban corridor in the United Arab Emirates. The results showed that the average speed rose by 55% in clear weather, while the average delay, the number of stops, travel time, and the number of accidents decreased by 50%, 50%, 95%, and 68%, respectively. In light rain, the average speed improved by 43%, while the average delay, number of stops, travel time, and the number of accidents reduced by 43%, 56%, 96%, and 74%, respectively. The average speed increased by 82% under heavy rain, while the average delay, the number of stops, the travel time, and the number of accidents all fell by 62%, 68%, 96%, and 74%, respectively. In fog, the average speed rose by 32%, while the average delay, average stop number, travel time, and the number of accidents decreased by 33%, 47%, 90%, and 83%, respectively. Overall, this paper highlights the need for resilient CAV systems adaptable to diverse environmental conditions. It helps advance the understanding of how CAVs can be optimized for safety and efficiency in urban settings, contributing to sustainable transportation solutions. It provides insights into the challenges and innovative approaches for CAV deployment in adverse weather, laying a foundation for future research and the broader implementation of these technologies in urban mobility. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-019 Full Text: PDF
Comparative Study of UPV and IE Results on Concrete Cores from Existing Structures Siorikis, Vassilis G.; Antonopoulos, Constantinos P.; Hatzigeorgiou, George D.; Pelekis, Panagiotis
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-03

Abstract

Dynamic non-destructive methods (NDT) are particularly attractive owing to their time and cost efficiency when compared to conventional uniaxial compressive strength tests. However, the results of these methods are highly scattered; therefore, they are primarily used for qualitative material characterization. One of the most important NDT results is the calculation of the dynamic Young’s modulus, which is associated to the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of concrete. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) is the most commonly used NDT. The limitation of this method is that it directly depends on knowledge of the Poisson’s ratio, and an assumption of its value must be made. This assumption results in highly scattered results. In contrast, the impact echo method (IE) can result in a dynamic Young’s modulus calculation without knowing the Poisson’s ratio. The limitation of this method is that it is dependent on the specimen’s slenderness, which in turn depends on the Poisson’s ratio. This study investigates the IE method’s applicability to short cylinders. A comparison of the UPV and IE methods is made, and the error in the dynamic Young’s modulus value derived by assuming Poisson’s ratio value in the UPV method is calculated. The authors conducted a numerical analysis and recently proposed the use of a shape correction factor (SCF) to apply the IE results for short cylinders, considering the influence of the slenderness (L/D) of the samples. For the first time worldwide, an extensive experimental study on 232 concrete samples with L/D ≈ 1.0 confirmed the wide spread of UPV test results and showed that it can lead to an error on Young’s Modulus determination by up to 50% owing to the adoption of an arbitrary Poisson’s ratio value. In contrast, using the SCF yields IE results with a ±2% error. A new methodology, ultrasonic pulse impact echo synergy (UPIES), is proposed by performing both UPV and IE tests on the specimens and using the SCF. The Poisson’s ratio and, consequently, the Young’s modulus can be accurately determined. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-03 Full Text: PDF
The Consequence of the Involvement of Flexural, Compression, and Punching Reinforcement Upon Punching Strength Elgohary, Ahmed Abdallah; Rabiee, Mohammed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-014

Abstract

Flat slabs have an important role in concrete buildings due to their architectural flexibility and speed of construction. Punching shear is one of the most important phenomena to be considered during the design of reinforced concrete flat slabs, as this type of failure is brittle and does not predict previously raised alarms before failure. The main factors that affect punching strength in concrete are compressive strength, flexural reinforcement, and punching reinforcement in the form of stirrups, shear studs, or other shapes. This paper is part of a research program operated at the reinforced concrete laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, to evaluate the contribution of horizontal flexural reinforcement, horizontal compression reinforcement, and vertical punching reinforcement on the punching strength of reinforced concrete flat slabs. In this research, fifteen half-scale specimens are cast and tested. The specimens had dimensions of 1100×1100 mm and a total thickness of 120 mm. All specimens were connected to a square column of dimensions 150×150 mm and loaded at the four corners with a supported span of 1000 mm. The main parameters considered in this research included spacing between stirrups, width of the stirrups, number of stirrup branches, ratio of the compression reinforcement, and ratio of the tension reinforcement. During testing, ultimate capacity, steel strain, cracking pattern, and deformation were recorded. The experimental results were analyzed and compared against values estimated from different international design codes. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-014 Full Text: PDF
Sensitivity and Optimization Analysis of Torsional Behavior in Multicellular Thin-Walled Tubes Alshannaq, Ammar A.; Tamimi, Mohammad F.; Abu Qamar, Muʹath I.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-09

Abstract

Multicellular thin-walled tubes are widely used due to their lightweight, economical design, and superior shear and torsional performance. Their design is sometimes governed by the available materials and the required dimensions. The current study uses advanced sensitivity analysis with meta-modeling tools to understand how different geometric and mechanical factors affect the torsional performance of multicellular thin-walled tubes. The geometric factors include the length, thickness, and width of the beams, while the mechanical properties involve the shear modulus. Variance-based sensitivity analysis is used to assess how variations in these factors impact the rate of twist, torsional stiffness, and shear stress. The interconnected relations between input parameters are exploited for optimal design and superior performance. The results revealed that for a three-celled tube, thick horizontal interior elements with thin deep vertical elements and thin exterior elements provide an optimal design when the cross-sectional area is constrained. This finding, combined with varying the geometrical and material properties, results in an optimal design using CFRP composites when constrained by minimizing the total weight and superior torsional performance. The analysis can be extended to include other constraint(s), but changing the design constraints might change the optimal design. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-09 Full Text: PDF
The Effects of Seismic Behavior on High Ground Stress Soft Rock Tunnel: A Review Sam, Joel
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-020

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to critically assess seismic activity's effects on soft rock tunnels under high ground stress scenarios. The paper seeks to identify key novelties and research gaps in the existing literature, offering new insights into analytical techniques, excavation methods, support systems, and monitoring technologies. A comprehensive review of recent studies was conducted, focusing on seismic behavior, analytical techniques, and mitigation strategies for soft rock tunnels. Case studies were selected based on their relevance to high ground stress conditions and their contribution to understanding seismic resilience. Significant findings include the identification of specific geological conditions that exacerbate seismic risks and the comparative effectiveness of various analytical techniques and support systems. Novel insights into the interaction of structural reinforcements and monitoring systems are also discussed. The review highlights new analytical techniques and advanced monitoring systems that improve predictive accuracy and early detection of seismic risks. It also proposes a refined approach to integrating mitigation strategies for enhanced tunnel resilience. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-020 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Steel-Plate Reinforced Vertical Opening Abed Shnait, Masharq; Izzet, Amer F.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-04

Abstract

The structural response of simply supported Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams with square vertical openings is investigated in this work. Studies were conducted using seven specimens of RC beams, with the aim of comparing beams with vertical openings to those without. Meanwhile, the other beams featured carefully positioned square openings. Note that one of these beams served as the control and had no openings. Each beam was the same length (1400 mm) with a 180×120 mm cross-section. Two-point loads were applied over a span of 1200 mm throughout the testing method, with a central load placed 300 mm from the ends. The openings were positioned in the middle of the span and came in three different widths: 20, 40, and 60 mm. Openings were made using either 1.5 mm thick square steel tubing or none at all. The major goal of this study was to determine whether the steel tube could compensate for the decrease in beam strength and the impact of decreasing beam cross-section (producing opening). Correspondingly, the beam ultimate load was found to decrease by 15.75%, 24.2%, and 32.5% for opening widths of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, as the opening width increased. On the other hand, the performance gain for beams strengthened with steel plates when steel tubes were used was 11.78%, 12.14%, and 13.28% for the respective opening widths. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-04 Full Text: PDF
Vehicle Safety Application through the Integration of Flood Detection and Safe Overtaking in Vehicular Communication Seng, Kwang Chee; Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah; Yogarayan, Sumendra
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-015

Abstract

Road safety in Malaysia is a major concern due to frequent floods and accidents caused by overtaking. These issues result in significant injuries and losses. In this paper, we introduce a new system called the Safe Driving Tool (SDT). The SDT integrates a Flood Detection System (FDS) and a Vehicle Overtaking System (VOS) using Long-Range (LoRa) communication technology. The FDS continuously monitors water levels in flood-prone areas. It alerts drivers about potential hazards through vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Simultaneously, the VOS enables safe overtaking maneuvers. It does this by exchanging information with nearby vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Through testing and experimentation, we have shown that the SDT system effectively reduces accident risks and losses associated with floods and overtaking. The system's performance under various conditions confirms the reliability and effectiveness of LoRa communication technology in enhancing vehicular safety. This study represents a significant advancement in road safety. It combines flood detection and overtaking assistance into a single unified system, addressing two major causes of road accidents in Malaysia. The integration of V2I and V2V communication provides a comprehensive solution that improves driver awareness and decision-making. This ultimately leads to safer driving environments and enhanced driver convenience. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-015 Full Text: PDF
Numerical Modeling the Rock Mass Stress-Strain State Near Vertical Excavations in Combined Mining Zeitinova, Sh.; Imashev, A.; Bakhtybayev, N.; Matayev, A.; Mussin, A.; Yeskenova, G.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-010

Abstract

In recent years, the development of the mining industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been accompanied by the commissioning of new underground levels for many existing mineral deposits, which were initially developed through open-pit mining. As the depth of open-pit mining increases, the volume of overburden rises sharply, making open-pit mining unprofitable due to the significant amount of additional mining work required. For this reason, most open-pit mines in Kazakhstan are transitioning to underground mining, or combined mining. Many researchers have examined the timing of this transition and have worked on optimizing it to determine the best economic efficiency and manage risks. However, there is limited information available on how to determine the optimal location for a vertical mine shaft when transitioning from open-pit to underground mining. The purpose of this study is to identify a safe location for a vertical shaft in combined mining operations. Specifically, the study assesses the impact of the open-pit mine on the selection of the mine shaft’s location, considering the stress-strain state of the rock mass during combined mining methods. To address these objectives, numerical modeling of the stress-strain state around vertical excavations during combined mining was performed. The results provide a solution to the critical issue of determining the location of the mine shaft in combined geotechnology and lay the groundwork for further research on shaft placement in Kazakhstan. The novelty of this study lies in identifying the shaft location by considering the geometric shape of the open-pit mine and the depth of development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-010 Full Text: PDF
Flexural Behavior of RC Continuous Beams Strengthened by Cementitious Composite Materials Afefy, Hamdy M.; Heniegal, Ashraf M.; Baraghith, Ahmed T.; Ibrahim, Omar M. O.; Eldwiny, Mostafa E. A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-05

Abstract

Due to their great strain capacity, high tensile strength, and ability to localize cracks, cementitious composite materials are beneficial for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) members. This paper illustrates the application of cementitious composite materials in the form of precast thin layers to strengthen a double-spanned, full-scale RC beam. Both positive and negative zones were strengthened by the precast layer embedded into the concrete cover. The precast layers have a dimension of 20 mm in thickness and 150 mm in width as that of the substrate beam and were applied by two configurations: plain and reinforced layers. A ductile smooth steel sheet with 2 mm in thickness and 100 mm in width was used inside the reinforced precast layer. The composite action of the precast layer has mutual benefits; the embedded steel sheet localizes the cracks, while the surrounding cementitious composite materials protect the steel sheet from environmental impact. The experimental results showed that the strengthening system has a significant contribution to improve the failure mode and load-carrying capacity. The use of a plain precast layer caused a 6% increase in the ultimate load and a 33% enhancement in the moment redistribution ratio compared to the control beam (CB). Applying the strengthening system with reinforced precast layer shifted the failure mode from rupture failure in the precast layer to delamination without slippage in the embedded steel sheet and matrix, leading to the full tensile capacity of the precast layer. Besides, the yielded and ultimate loads increased by 34% and 41%, respectively, and maximum deflection increased by 36%. In addition, the beam's ductility increased by 36%, and the moment redistribution ratio was enhanced by 49% compared to the CB. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-05 Full Text: PDF
Evaluation of Tidal Energy Potential Using a Two-Way Tidal Energy Model Rusvan, A. Aliffathur; Maricar, Farouk; Thaha, M. Arsyad; Paotonan, Chairul
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-016

Abstract

Tidal energy is a renewable energy source that provides sustainable energy through the utilization of tidal differences, making it a very promising option. This study examines a more effective tidal energy reservoir model by building a 1:100 scale prototype in the laboratory with several predetermined variations, namely an earthen pond (100, 80, and 60 cm), and flow holes (1.5, 1, and 0.5 cm) with initial tidal height differences of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm. The model uses a 6-hour time period, which corresponds to a semidiurnal tidal model. The results showed that the highest energy output was 281.84 kWh, achieved with a 1.5 cm flow hole, 20 cm tidal height difference for the initial condition, and 80 cm pond width. For a 1 cm flow hole, the outputs were 1774.8 kWh and 1803.78 kWh for 15 cm and 20 cm tidal height difference for the initial condition with a pond width of 100 cm. Meanwhile, the 0.5 cm flow hole produces potential energy outputs of 2623.8 kWh and 2611.4 kWh for different tidal heights of 15 cm and 20 cm for the initial condition with a pond width of 100 cm. Better model performance can be connected to a mini generator to validate the energy generated from the designed prototype model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-09-016 Full Text: PDF

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