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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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An Experimental Study on the Simultaneous Phenol and Chromium Removal From Water Using Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst Elaheh Faghih Nasiri; Daryoush Yousefi Kebria; Farhad Qaderi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Organic pollutants along with heavy metals and organic metal compounds may cause abnormal changes in physical and chemical parameters (acidity, alkalinity, salinity, color, smell and taste) of aquatic ecosystems and are among the serious threats of environmental health, especially the water resources. In this study, the effect of titanium dioxide photocatalyst with different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/l) on the simultaneous removal of phenol and heavy metal (chromium) from aqueous solution of the closed system was investigated. In order to determine the optimal concentrations of photocatalyst, all the tests were conducted in pH =7, using ultraviolet light with 100 watt power. The highest rate of phenol and chromium removal was observed at concentration of 100 mg/ml which was equal to 72.3% and 67.2%, respectively. Study of the reaction kinetics showed that the reactions of phenol and chromium removal were zero and first-order, respectively.

Effect of Compaction Energy on Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil Sadam Hussain
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 8 (2017): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Swelling of expansive clays is one of the great hazards, a foundation engineer encounters. Each year expansive soils cause severe damage to residences, buildings, highways, pipelines, and other civil engineering structures. Strength and deformation parameters of soils are normally related to soil type and moisture. However, surprisingly limited focus has been directed to the compaction energy applied to the soil. Study presented herein is proposed to examine the effect of varying compaction energy of the engineering properties i.e. compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio and swell percentage of soil. When compaction energy increased from 237 KJ/m3 to 1197 KJ/m3, MDD increased from 1.61 g/cm3 to 1.75 g/cm3, OMC reduced from 31.55 percent to 21.63 percent, UCS increased from 110.8 to 230.6 KPa, and CBR increased from mere 1 percent to 10.2 percent. Results indicate substantial improvement in these properties. So, compacting soil at higher compaction energy levels can provide an effective approach for stabilization of expansive soils up to a particular limit. But if the soil is compacted more than this limit, an increase in swell potential of soil is noticed due to the reduction in permeability of soil.

Predicting the Earthquake Magnitude Using the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network with Two Hidden Layers Jamal Mahmoudi; Mohammad Ali Arjomand; Masoud Rezaei; Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2016): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2016-00000008

Because of the major disadvantages of previous methods for calculating the magnitude of the earthquakes, the neural network as a new method is examined. In this paper a kind of neural network named Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is used to predict magnitude of earthquakes. MLP neural network consist of three main layers; input layer, hidden layer and output layer. Since the best network configurations such as the best number of hidden nodes and the most appropriate training method cannot be determined in advance, and also, overtraining is possible, 128 models of network are evaluated to determine the best prediction model. By comparing the results of the current method with the real data, it can be concluded that MLP neural network has high ability in predicting the magnitude of earthquakes and it’s a very good choice for this purpose.

Compressive Strength by Incorporating Quarry Dust in Self-Compacting Concrete Grade M35 Mushtaq Ahmad; Sana Ullah; Aneel Manan; Temple Chimuanya Odimegwu; Salmia Beddu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The study has conducted to determine the workability and compressive strength of the self –compacting concrete. The sand has replaced with quarry dust with the proportion of 10, 20, 30 and 40% and super plasticizer was added 0.9%. The experiments were carried out at the Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) concrete laboratory. Slump flow, J- Ring tests were carried out to determine the workability of self-compacting concrete and compressive strength test was conducted on 7 days and 28th days of curing period. A finding of the study shows that workability and compressive strength has increased by addition of quarry dust. It is concluded that addition of quarry dust up to 30% improve the workability of the self-compacting concrete and further addition of quarry dust decrease the workability. Additionally, compressive strength of the quarry dust modified self-compacting concrete shows the trend of higher compressive strength up to 30% addition of quarry dust with sand replacement and further addition decrease the compressive strength.

Study on Groundwater Quality Using Geographic Information System (GIS), Case Study: Ardabil, Iran Ghasemlounia, Redvan; Sedaghat Herfeh, Nasim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study involves the analysis of water resources pollution data using Geographic Information System (GIS), which is a subset of the purposes such as: study on the status (situaion) of the aquifer, the natural and man-made effects on aquifer quality, evaluation and investigation of quality monitoring results of Ardabil aquifer, study on quality limitations by comparing the results of analysis of wet and dry seasons from water resources with selected standards. Therefore, samples were collected from76 wells, in this region, for the purpose of the aquifer water quality assessment, identification of changing process of pollution and statistical analysis of quality parameters included NTU, TDS, Nitrates and Chloride. Afterwards, maps for each parameter were produced in the geographic information system (GIS) using scientific methods. Thereupon, situation and condition of water quality was measured by quality mapping index of NSFWQ and was applied for whole the basin. This maps and database, which were created by the software, provide and offer an obvious view of what happened in the study area. As a result, it could be applied for a better management of these water resources and planning to prevent further pollution, by relevant organizations.

Modelling of Crack Propagation in Layered Structures Using Extended Finite Element Method Nasaj Moghaddam, Hesamoddin; Keyhani, Ali; Aghayan, Iman
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 5 (2016): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Crack propagation in structures is an important issue which is engineers and designers should consider. Modeling crack propagation in structures and study the behavior of this phenomenon can give a better insight to engineers and designers for selecting the constructionâ€™s materials. Extended finite element method (XFEM) was used successfully in the past few years for simulating crack initiation and propagation in sophisticated and complex geometries in elastic fracture mechanics. In this paper, crack propagation in three-point bending beam including initial crack was modeled based on ABAQUS software. The following consequences were attained through the study of simulation data. First, the effects of youngâ€™s modulus and fracture energy on force-displacement curve at three-point bending beam were investigated. It was observed that, by increasing the value of youngâ€™s modulus and fracture energy, three-point bending beam was showed more load carrying against initiation. Second, in multi-layer beam, the effect of youngâ€™s modulus on force-displacement curve was investigated. In case I (the thin upper layer is harder than the substrate) the value of youngâ€™s modulus in substrate was kept constant and the amount of youngâ€™s modulus in thin layer was risen in each step rather than the substrate, the peak in force-displacement curve was ascended and three-point bending beam resisted better against crack initiation. Next, similar conditions was considered in case II (the thin upper layer is softer than the substrate), by decreasing the value of youngâ€™ modulus in top layer, peak in force-displacement curve was declined and crack initiation was happened in lower loading in each step. Finally, sensitivity analysis for thickness of top layer was conducted and the impact of this parameter was studied.

Simulation of the Behavior of Corrosion Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams with/without CFRP Retrofit Masoud Zabihi-Samani; Mohsen Ali Shayanfar; Amir Safiey; Amir Najari
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Harsh environmental conditions along with aggressive chemical agents are known as one of the main reasons behind damages observed in reinforced concrete members. Corrosion of reinforcement worldwide is one of the leading causes of damages occurred in reinforced concrete over the lifespan. There are many critical energy and transportation infrastructures located on coastal regions exposed to high humidity and chloride content where they are highly prone to reinforcement corrosion. This calls for retrofit methods, which safeguard not only the strength but also the durability of corrosion deteriorated reinforced concrete structures. Carbon fiber polymers considering their mechanical and chemical properties are recognized as one of the main retrofit techniques. In this study, the influence of different levels of corrosion on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams is studied. ABAQUS software package is employed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with tensile reinforcements and stir-ups corrosion degrees of 20% and 40%. The structural behavior of original damaged specimen as well as the same specimen strengthen with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is studied. The purpose of the retrofit is compensate for the loss of shear and flexural capacity of the member due to corrosion. Different variants for the arrangement of CFRP strips are studied and compared. The result of the current research further uncaps the efficiency of fiber polymers to secure strength and durability of corrosion damaged reinforced concrete members.

Experimental Evaluation of Eco-friendly Light Weight Concrete with Optimal Level of Rice Husk Ash Replacement Zareei, Seyed Alireza; Ameri, Farshad; Bahrami, Nasrollah; Dorostkar, Farzan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Concrete is a versatile and cost-effective building material whose properties are influenced by age, curing condition, and installation. A number of studies deduced that there should be an association of benefits encouraged the use of partial replacements of cement seems to improve strength and durability properties of concrete. This paper presents a framework for feasibility assessment and determination of optimum percentage of rice husk ash (RHA) replacement. Five mix plans with RHA replacing ratio of 0-20% and constant micro- silica value by 10% were prepared. Tests results indicated that compressive strength increased by 20% with an increase in RHA up to 15%. The similar trend was observed in mix designs made of cement replaced by RHA up to 20% in water absorption coefficient measurement. Higher chloride ion penetration was observed in mix designs containing 25% RHA compared to that of conventional concrete. Mixes developed a slightly higher impact resistance than the control mix.

Investigation of Separation Non-Persistent Faults in Fracture Mechanism of Rock Bridge Nohekhan Hokmabadi, Nasim; Sarfarazi, Vahab; Moshrefifar, Mohamadreza
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 7 (2016): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Rock mass is a heterogeneous material included joints, fractures and faults. The necessity of rock mechanics studies in conducting constructional issues has become important due to the increase in constructional works and the expansion of the structureâ€™s dimension and especially creating underground spaces in rock masses. Faults are the most important discontinuous fractures in the earth's crust in which the two sides of the fracture have moved relative to each other. The purpose of this research is that if the non-persistent faults were situated adjacent to each other, how would be the shear failure mechanism of Rock Bridge surrounded between the faults. For this purpose, physical model consisting two horizontal edge faults and a surrounded angled fault was built; angularity of the central fault varies from 0Â° to 60Â° with increasing the 30Â°. The central fault places in 3 different positions. Along the lateral faults, 1.5 cm vertically far from the edge faults and 3 cm vertically far from the edge faults. All samples tested by uniaxial test machine so that shear load was distributed in the specimens due to special geometry of specimen. The results show that the failure pattern was mostly influenced by configuration of central joint, while the shear strength was linked to the failure pattern and failure mechanism.

Evaluate the use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in the Construction of Roller Compacted Concret Pavement (RCC) Yaser Bashkoul; Hassan Divandari
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the issues and problems of today's world is the massive amount of debris and trashes, especially asphalts resulting from the removal of worn-out pavements of urban roads. Recycled asphalt crumbs (RAP) are waste materials that certainly have significant undesirable effects on the surrounding environment. Given the properties reported by these materials, there are various ways to reuse these materials. One of the applications that has been considered by researchers is the use of these materials in cement mixtures, including concrete production. This is while a large amount of asphalt fragment is continuously produced in the repair and maintenance of roads. It is therefore desirable to be used in conventional mixtures used in construction of road pavements. In this regard, the present study investigates the use of recyclable asphalt materials in pavement roller shuttle (RCC) with the aim of reducing waste and its negative impacts on the environment. By examining the documentation and performing numerous experiments, it has been found that roller concrete made from recycled asphalt can be used as a suitable pavement for low traffic and rural roads, as well as for the final covering of a wide range of sidewalks.

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