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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Investigating Warm and Humid Climate with the Approach of Production of Quantitative and Qualitative Architectural Models Bahoush, Maryam; Salehabadi, Amir
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Climate change is one of the most significant threats facing the world today. Buildings are one of the largest energy consuming sectors in the world. Most contemporary buildings are highly dependent on air conditioning systems and electricity, reliant on fossil fuels and increasingly unable to adapt to a warming climate. Irans hot and cold climatic regions are vast. With the advancement of technology, life in every weather condition is possible. Humans can provide living conditions. Passive design responds to local climate and site conditions in order to maximize the comfort and health of building users while minimizing energy use. The key to designing a passive building is to take best advantage of the local climate. Passive cooling refers to any technologies or design features adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Today been proven that seasonal fossil contamination causes irreparable damage to our planets ecosystem, which is the result of global warming. According to studies conducted so far, the use of clean fuel cannot alone meet our needs in severe weather conditions. Eco-friendly architecture helps to save energy by avoiding energy losses. In this paper, with the careful analysis of weather information in Dezful, computer software solutions provide architectural solutions that can be measured and can be applied to each of the suggested patterns as Checked a number. Gaven Comfort conditions in this city without any static and dynamic system is 17.7% of the year, which can be increased by 78.8% of the year using static systems.

Evaluation of the Response of Buried Steel Pipelines Subjected to the Strike-slip Fault Displacement Oghabi, Mohsen; Khoshvatan, Mehdi; Marto, Aminaton
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In this paper, the response of buried steel pipeline subjected to the strikeâ€“slip fault displacement is studied. This study aimed to identify the seismic fault under the pipe at the intersection of large displacement (up to 3 meter fault displacement) and identify failure modes in the pipe. Innovation studies the effect of thickness ratio of the diameter of the pipe failure modes of the fault displacement. The nonlinear finite element method analysis was conducted. By using ABAQUS software, nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out on the pipeline under fault displacement. Numerical modelling aimed at obtaining the amount of displacement corresponding to the nonlinear behaviour in the pipeline, as well as identifying failure modes pipes in displacement from 0.2 to 3 meter in diameter to thickness ratio, taking into account the impact of the pipeline. The results showed the nonlinear behaviour of the displacement 57.5 cm pipeline damage starts and the displacement of 1 meter buckling occurs in pipes. The displacement of 1 meter fault, failure mode is local buckling pipe, and displacement and deformation of the pipe is 1 meter looks like the letter S. The displacement of 1.5 meter high (3 meter) failure mode tube is wrinkling. And deformation of the pipe in the fault displacement of 1.5 meter, like the letter Z. With the increase in displacement from 1.5 meter to high wrinkling occurs in pipes and up to 3 meter displacement continues. Plastic strain in the fault displacement of 80 cm in diameter to thickness ratio of 112 and 96 occurs, Plastic strain ratio of diameter to thickness of 86 does not occur. Reduction in the diameter of the thickness has a positive impact on reducing plastic strain in the pipe.

Effect of using Fibre on the Durability of Asphalt Pavement Akbari Motlagh, Ali; Mirzaei, Ebrahim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2016): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Using the fibre additives with a uniform distribution in asphaltic concrete mixture is a well-known technique for improving the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt pavement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of preparing fibre and production of the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete mixture. In this study, a dense-graded aggregation, mineral fibres (asbestos) and synthetic fibres (polyester and nylon) were used.Â Laboratory studies were done by comparing different rheological properties, mechanical and moisture susceptibility of mixtures of fibres. Results of the penetration and softening point on mixtures of bitumen â€“ fibre show that fibres improve the mixed rheological properties and stiffening effect of fibre properties. The results of Marshall Tests indicate that adding fibres reduces the strength in Marshall and results in the slight increase in the percentage of optimum bitumen content and asphalt percentage of air voids in comparison with typical fibre. The results of the indirect tensile tests showed that the addition of fibres, depending on the percentage of fibres significantly improves the durability of the mixture.

Effects of Coarse Aggregate Size on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Ogundipe, Olumide Moses; Olanike, Akinkurolere Olufunke; Nnochiri, Emeka Segun; Ale, Patrick Olu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study investigates the effect of aggregate size on the compressive strength of concrete. Two nominal mixes, that is, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 were used in the study. Concrete cubes were produced with 6, 10, 12.5, 20 and 25 mm aggregates for the two nominal mixes and they were subjected to compressive strength test after curing for 7, 21, 28 and 56 days. It was found in the study that the strength development follows the same trend for both nominal mixes. Also, the results show that the compressive strength increases with increasing aggregate size up to 12.5 mm, while the concrete produced using 20 mm had greater compressive strength than those produced using 25 mm aggregate. This established the importance of ensuring that the right aggregate size is used in the production of concrete. Therefore, it is recommended that careful attention must be paid to the sizes of aggregates used in the production of concrete for structural purposes.

Condition Assessment of Existing Concrete Building Using Non-Destructive Testing Methods for Effective Repair and Restoration-A Case Study Venkatesh, Preethi; Alapati, Mallika
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Buildings constructed during early 70â€™s & late 80â€™s of the last century in India are found to be in distressed conditions due to inadequate specifications and poor construction practices. The continuous monitoring of concrete structures using suitable NDT (Non Destructive Testing) methods and use of possible restoration methods help in a considerable reduction of the rate of deterioration of concrete structures thereby increasing the life span ofÂ structures. NDT methods have greater advantage in evaluating the uniformity, homogeneity, approximate compressive strength, durability, the extent of corrosion of rebars in concrete etc. of damaged structures. The objective of the present study is to enhance the life of 50 year old existing hospital building (Partly RC and Brick masonry) in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. Condition assessments are carried out through a visual, field and laboratory evaluation of samples collected from the structure and results are presented in this paper. The paper also highlights the assessment of strength and durability of concrete to evaluate the extent of distress and damage in the building. Besides visual inspection, the Non Destructive Evaluation covering UPV & Rebound Hammer values and Half Cell Potential with respect to the status of corrosion of reinforcing bars and chemical tests on selected un-distressed RC columns, beams, and slabs are also presented and discussed. The repair and strengthening techniques using the latest materials and possible restoration works such as column jacketing, shotcreting, anticorrosive coatings, etc. have been suggested to enhance the life of the structure.

Building Exoskeletons for the Integrated Retrofit of Social Housing Scuderi, Giuliana
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 6 (2016): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In Europe, most of the social housing heritage, built before the 1980s, suffers of architectural and functional obsolescence and seismic vulnerability, raising questions about the future of the cities and their inhabitants. In an era of environmental emergency and lack of resources demolition and reconstruction is not a sustainable alternative. A multi-purpose campaign of architectural, functional and structural retrofit is fundamental but the complex information and requirements to handle require integrated and innovative solutions. The bio-mimicry design approach led to the definition of the â€œbuilding exoskeletonâ€: an external steel frame, two or three-dimensional, encapsulating the existing building and provided of shape memory alloys-based devices for passive seismic dissipation. The simplicity of the structure gives high flexibility in the definition of the new architectural features and functional performances, adapting to the changing necessities on both space and time scales. The energy performances result also radically improved. The efficiency of this scheme to improve the seismic response of the constructions is verified for a real case study â€“ a concrete frame with brick infill â€“ through static and dynamic nonlinear analyses with the software SAP2000. Finally, the economic and technical feasibility of the proposal is discussed together with the implications of the project and the possible developments.

Mechanical properties of concrete containing Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Waste Glass Powder Salem Al-Ahdal, Basheer Mohammed; Xiong, Li Bi; Tufail, Rana Faisal
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper for the first time investigates the workability, compressive and tensile strength of concrete containing Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Waste Glass Powder. Seventy six cube specimen (150 Â 150 Â 150 mm were cast with different composition of Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash ,Waste Glass Powder and steel fibers. The cubes were tested for axial compression and tensile tests. The research also investigated the effect of curing regime on the compressive and tensile strength of concrete cube specimen. The results revealed that the addition of 15 % Rice Husk Ash and 39% Fly Ash increased the workability of 25 % as compared to the controlled concrete. The sample containing 10 % Rice Husk Ash, 10% Waste Glass Powder and 39% micro silica produced worst workability as it decreased the workability up to 5 % of controlled concrete. The results for axial compressive strength shows that the addition of 15% Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and 39% of Fly Ash (FA) in concrete leads to the improvement of compressive strength by 14%. The sample containing replacement of 10% Rice Husk Ash (RHA), 10% waste glass powder (WGP) and 39 % of micro silica (MS) in concrete leads to the improvement by 53.9 for compressive. The replacementÂ of 10% Rice Husk Ash (RHA), 10% waste glass powder (WGP ), 39 % of micro silica (MS) 3% steel fiber in concrete leads to the improvement by 37% for compressive strength. It was observed from the results of tensile strength that the samples containing 15% Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and 39 % of Fly Ash (FA) increased the tensile strength by 24% as compared to the controlled concrete. The sample containing replacement of 10% Rice Husk Ash (RHA), 10% waste glass powder (WGP) and 39 % of micro silica (MS) in concrete leads to an increase of 20% as compared to the controlled ones. Also, the replacement of 10% Rice Husk Ash (RHA), 10% waste glass powder (WGP), 39 % of micro silica (MS) 3% steel fiber increased the tensile strength by 40 % as compared to the controlled concrete sample. Finally, it was concluded that the replacement of 10% RHA, 39% micro Silica, 10% WG in concrete was found to be superior for increasing the mechanical properties of concrete.

An Alternative Vehicle Counting Tool Using the Kalman Filter within MATLAB Espejel-GarcÃa, Daphne; OrtÃz-Anchondo, Luis Ricardo; Alvarez-Herrera, Cornelio; Hernandez-LÃ³pez, Alfonso; Espejel-GarcÃa, Vanessa VerÃ³nica; Villalobos-AragÃ³n, Alejandro
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study proposes an alternative and economical tool to estimate traffic densities, via video-image processing adapting the Kalman filter included in the Matlab code. Traffic information involves acquiring data for long periods of time at stationary points. Vehicle counting is vital in modern transport studies, and can be achieved by using different techniques, such as manual counts, use of pneumatic tubes, magnetic sensors, etc. In this research however, automatic vehicle detection was achieved using image processing, because it is an economical and sometimes even faster option. Commercial automatic vehicle detection and tracking programs/applications already exist, but their use is typically prohibitive due to their high cost. Large cities can obtain traffic recordings from surveillance cameras and process the information, but it is difficult for smaller towns without such infrastructure or even assigned budget. The proposed tool was developed taking into consideration these difficult situations, and it only requires users to have access to a fixed video camera placed at an elevated point (e.g. a pedestrian bridge or a light pole) and a computer with a powerful processor; the images are processed automatically through the Kalman filter code within Matlab. The Kalman filter predicts random signals, separates signals from random noise or detects signals with the presence of noise, minimizing the estimated error. It needs nevertheless some adjustments to focus it for vehicle counting. The proposed algorithm can thus be adapted to fit the usersâ€™ necessities and even the cameraâ€™s position. The use of this algorithm allows to obtain traffic data and may help small citiesÂ´ decision makers dealing with present and future urban planning and the design or installment of transportation systems.

The Effect of Home Architecture on Child Rearing Seyedian, Seyed Ali; Ghorbani, Fahime
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Human beings always live in embedded place called home where is one of the main places influence them. Since home has mental relationship with family, its architecture is severely important and undeniable. It is established that training occur in every periods of life and childhood has the most significant role comparable to other periods. On the other hand, the concept of home is widely used in child welfare policies and practises, we do, however, recognize that childrenâ€™s social relations and belonging to the place called â€™homeâ€™ are fluid, contextual and mobile. Moreover, the quality of growing place of children is the basic for maturity and training, so the role of architecture becomes more worthy. In the current work with focus on the role of home architecture on the childrenâ€™s training, different parameters were studied. In addition, the role of architecture in some characters of children such as creativity, mobility, identity and etc is the important effect of this art on the childrenâ€™s training which attracted little attention since now. This study, using descriptive and analytical methods, enumerates some of the needs of the child, The capacities of architecture in the direction of training, in the other word, the role and effect of architecture of living place on parenting and the formation of their personalities and finally by providing appropriate solutions architecture, such as educational workshop spaces, spaces with high security, both physically and mentally and to improve parenting are discussed.

A Numerical Investigation on Behavior of Column Base Plates with Different Configurations Shafieifar, Mohamadreza; Khonsari, Vahid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Base plates are one of the most important types of connections in structures. Due to complicated steel-concrete interaction, simple assumptions of the stress distributions are usually employed for designing the connection. Simple assumptions of compressive stress distribution in concrete may accelerate the design procedure, but they may lead to overdesign results. In this study, six different types of base plates with different configuration were studied numerically using a commercial Finite Element (FE) software and the numerical model was calibrated with an experimental test. The models were subjected to a constant axial load and then a monotonic moment loading was applied. To investigate the effects of the axial load, several axial load level were considered for each configuration. As a result, moment-rotation curves of these base plates, including their rotational stiffness, in the absence and presence of the axial loads, were compared. Moreover, the stress distribution in the concrete was studied in the FE models. For all cases, the stress distribution in the concrete was semi-triangular with the maximum stress between the column flange and the edge of the plate. Based on numerical results, some concepts of simplified assumptions were proposed to find the stress distribution of the base plates. These assumptions are more realistic than current assumptions in structural specifications.

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