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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,923 Documents
 186   187   188   189   190 
Assessment of Red Sea Shoreline Dynamics Through Satellite Imagery and GIS Analysis Abdel Aziz, Khaled Mahmoud
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-01-09

Abstract

Monitoring and analyzing coastal dynamics is essential due to continuous shoreline changes driven by natural processes and human activities with significant environmental and economic impacts. This study aims to quantitatively assess shoreline change along the Red Sea coast using integrated remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Multi-temporal satellite imagery from 1980 to 2025 was processed to extract shoreline positions, and shoreline change rates were calculated using the EPR method to determine patterns of erosion and accretion. The study area extends along the northwestern part of Saudi Arabia within the Tabuk region, covering Wadi al Ayn, NEOM Port, and the villages of Al Muwaylih, As Sawrah, Sharma, Al Khuraybah, and Qiyal. The results reveal that erosion rates exceed accretion rates across most shoreline segments during the study period. The average EPR of accretion reached 1.13 m/yr, while erosion recorded a higher magnitude with an average rate of −1.99 m/yr. Spatial analysis showed a total accretion area of 1.634 km² compared to a substantially larger erosion area of 19.624 km². This study lies in providing a comprehensive, long-term spatiotemporal assessment of shoreline dynamics using consistent satellite-based measurements, contributing updated baseline data for coastal management and sustainable development planning in the Red Sea region.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Fiber and Nano-Silica Modified Asphalt Mixtures Sabry, Marwa; Abdelsalam , Moustafa; Gamal , Ahmed; Eisa, Mohamed S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-01-022

Abstract

In recent years, several studies have focused on enhancing the performance of asphalt mixtures using various additives; however, the environmental implications of these modifications have received limited attention. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of asphalt mixtures incorporating carbon fiber (CF) and nano silica (NS) using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In the current study, four mixtures were modelled and analyzed using SimaPro software: conventional asphalt mix (CAM), carbon fiber asphalt mix (CFAM), nano silica asphalt mix (NSAM), and carbon fiber–nano silica asphalt mix (CFNSAM). The assessment included the production cycle from raw material extraction to wearing surface installation, integrating laboratory performance data with the Ecoinvent v3.6 inventory. Results indicated that CAM exhibited the lowest environmental burden, whereas CFNSAM showed the highest impact resulting from the considerable energy inputs associated with carbon fiber fabrication. NSAM offered a balanced outcome, with moderate environmental impacts and satisfactory mechanical performance, positioning it as a more sustainable alternative. Overall, nano silica modification demonstrates promising potential for eco-efficient pavement applications.
Shear Behavior of Small-Scale Continuous Hidden Beams Using Tied and Spiral Stirrups Ahmed , Mostafa; Ekaputri, Januarti J.; Abdalla , Hany; Elgamal , Ahmed; Youssef , Ahmed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-01-06

Abstract

Hidden beams in reinforced concrete (RC) structures are widely used to meet architectural requirements; however, their reduced effective depth limits shear capacity. This study investigates the shear behavior of hidden beams reinforced with innovative rectangular staggered continuous spiral stirrups, addressing the absence of design guidelines for such reinforcement systems. Nine one-eighth-scale continuous beams were tested under two-point loading, with mortar used to reduce scale effects. The influence of the number, geometry, and configuration of spiral reinforcement was investigated. Both conventional and spiral stirrups significantly improved shear performance compared to the reference beam without transverse reinforcement (HB9-No). Beams with normal stirrups (HB1-N20, HB2-N30, HB3-N40, HB4-N50) increased shear capacity by 115%, 82%, 23%, and 4%, while spiral stirrup beams (HB1-S20, HB2-S30, HB3-S40, HB4-S50) achieved corresponding increases of 174%, 144%, 73%, and 27%, respectively. Overall, spiral reinforcement enhanced shear capacity and energy dissipation by approximately 30% and 46%, respectively, compared with conventional stirrups. Prototype capacities estimated using scaling relationships were compared with international design codes, which were found to be conservative. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of spiral stirrups in improving shear strength and ductility and emphasize the need to include their contribution in future shear design equations for hidden beams.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Enlarged-Head Monopile Under Lateral Load in Soft Clay Elsiragy, Mohamed; Azzam, Waseim; Kassem, Engy M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-04

Abstract

The behavior of piles and the reaction of soils in contact with structures are crucial aspects of foundation engineering. Laboratory model tests were investigated to evaluate the enhancement of the subgrade modulus for laterally loaded piles with enlarged heads in clay. These tests compared typical piles with enlarged heads in soft clay, considering factors such as the pile slenderness ratio and geometric configurations. The study was expanded by simulating monopiles with and without head enlargements using the numerical program Plaxis 3D. The results highlight the effectiveness of enlarged-head piles, demonstrating a substantial increase in lateral subgrade reaction with adequate head depth. For piles with Lp/Dp = 24, an enlarged head geometry of Le/Lp = 0.4, ΔDe/Dp = 1, and an undrained shear strength Cu = 15, the subgrade modulus improved by 200% compared to typical piles. Additionally, for Lp/Dp = 24 piles, the improvement due to enlargement was 1.3 and 2 times for Cu values of 10 and 15 kPa, respectively. These findings emphasize the advantages of using enlarged heads, especially uniform shapes, which are more practical and effective than tapered shapes. The numerical simulations corroborated the experimental results, providing detailed insights into deformation and bending moment variations that are challenging to measure in laboratory tests.   Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-04 Full Text: PDF
Structural Performance of Circular Hollow Steel Damper with Fins and Gaps Aritonang, Tobok S. M.; Satyarno, Iman; Awaludin, Ali; Setiawan, Angga F.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-03

Abstract

Prior studies have shown that fin reinforcement on a circular hollow steel damper (CHSD) could mitigate buckling and enhance shear strength. However, in bridge applications, repeated vibrations from lateral traffic loads and low-frequency cyclic actions may cause premature energy dissipation and fatigue damage, thus reducing the seismic performance of CHSD during design-level earthquakes. To address this issue, this study integrates fins and gaps into CHSD to enhance stability against buckling and to mitigate fatigue-induced damage. The CHSD specimens were fabricated in three variations: without fins, with fins, and with fins and gaps. Cyclic loading tests and nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to evaluate their effects on mechanical properties and seismic performance. Cyclic loading was performed in accordance with the AISC 341-22 protocol and applied at 0° and 30° to simulate multidirectional lateral forces. The cyclic test results reveal that the addition of fins exhibits both beneficial and adverse effects on the mechanical properties and seismic performance of CHSD, while the gap reduces the equivalent viscous damping ratio. The backbone curves derived from the numerical analyses agree well with experimental results. Furthermore, the damper shear resistance and deformation capacity are delayed by the presence of gaps, mitigating fatigue-related damage.
AI-Driven Shear Capacity Model of Steel Studs in Composite Structural Systems Hanoon, Ammar N.; Abdulhameed, Haider A.; Abdulhameed, Ali A.; Hason, Mahir M.; Abbas, Rafaa M.; Mansi, Aseel S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-04

Abstract

In composite steel-concrete structures, shear connectors in the form of headed steel studs are commonly utilized to transfer longitudinal shear force developed at the interface between the two materials. To overcome the shortcomings of design codes, which frequently understate shear capacity and fail to take advantage of sophisticated computational methods, this paper presents an optimization attempt to estimate the shear strength of headed steel studs utilizing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) technique using MATLAB software. Data from 234 experimental tests are employed to identify and highlight key input parameters influencing the shear strength of headed steel studs. These key parameters include concrete compressive strength (f’c), diameter (D), and tensile strength of the steel stud shank (fu). After identifying and examining the limits of the experimental data, the proposed model has been developed using about 80% of the mixed raw dataset. The remaining 20% of the raw data is utilized to validate the proposed model. The predicted shear strength of headed steel studs closely matched the experimental results. This research offers an innovative strategy to measure the steel stud's shear capacity employing GWO, showing the current code's limitations. The GWO model showed excellent accuracy in predicting the shear strength with an R-value of 0.9922, indicating that the predicted value is in good agreement with experimental observations. Interestingly, the model's mean absolute error with 100 wolves in the GWO method was only 7.51%, showing the proposed model provides an improvement in shear capacity forecasting for practical structural engineering applications.
Performance Evaluation and Model of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Filled GFRP Tube Column under Accelerated Aging Prachasaree, Woraphot; Ouiseng, Jakrawa; Hawa, Abideng; Intarit, Pong-in; Wangapisit, Ornkamon; Limkatanyu, Suchart
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-013

Abstract

Conventional reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments show a risky tendency toward performance degradation due to concrete deterioration and reinforcement corrosion. Consequently, the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in concrete structures as one of the alternative potential materials for mitigating serious durability issues in structural applications has gained increasing acceptance. The study aims to evaluate the performance and durability of GFRP-reinforced concrete-filled GFRP tube columns under accelerated aging. Three different column specimens, 1) GFRC-F-GFT, 2) GFRC, and 3) C-F-GFT, were immersed under water at 80°C for 12 hrs (wet phase), followed by specimen placement above water at ambient room temperature for 12 hrs (dry phase) in each aging cycle. The behavior and performance of the specimens were experimentally investigated through uniaxial compressive loading. The experimental results were evaluated to develop a strength capacity model that incorporated the environmental exposure effect through the strength reduction factors (C0, h1, and h2). To establish the correlation between accelerated and natural aging, field investigation data under the tropical marine environment and the simplified time-invariant model were utilized to predict structural performance. Based on this study, the GFRC-F-GFT specimen degradation under accelerated wet-dry aging at 290 cycles can reduce axial column capacity up to 50%, which is equivalent to the predicted degradation under a natural tropical marine environment over 50 years.
Evaluating Rainfall Effects on Soil Parameters and Slope Stability Using Hydrology Procedure (HP26) Omar, Heryanti Awang; Nasir, Nur Fazielah; Rosly, Mohammad Haziq; Mohamad, Habib Musa; Majain, Nelly; Afizah Asman, Nurul Shahadahtul
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-018

Abstract

Rainfall-induced slope failures are a major geohazard in tropical regions, often triggered by intense or prolonged rainfall that alters soil strength and pore water pressure conditions. This study evaluates the effects of rainfall duration on slope stability in Kota Belud and Ranau, Sabah, by applying Hydrology Procedure 26 (HP26) rainfall data with numerical modelling using SEEP/W and SLOPE/W under the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). Soil parameters were derived from site investigations, with strength values including cohesion (0.5-9.7 kPa) and friction angle (25.7°-30°). The results showed that short-duration rainfall (1 hour) had minimal impact on stability, while prolonged (24-hour) rainfall significantly increased pore water pressure, reducing the factor of safety (FOS) by 25-30%. A localized weak zone in Ranau was identified, with cohesion decreasing from 7 kPa to 5 kPa between 7.4 m and 13.5 m depth, corresponding to potential slip surfaces. Findings align with previous research on infiltration-driven failures, but this study demonstrates the practical use of HP26 rainfall design data for tropical slope analysis. The novelty lies in linking rainfall duration, soil-water interactions, and FOS reduction through a standardized rainfall procedure, providing a framework for improved slope risk assessment in rainfall-prone terrains.
Stiffness Degradation Effects on Seismic Behavior of RC Frame Structures Pham, Phu-Anh-Huy; Nguyen, Tan-Phat; Nguyen, Ngoc-Han
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-011

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of stiffness degradation on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, focusing on global response parameters including roof lateral displacement ratio (Δ/H), fundamental period (T1), and internal force redistribution. Nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted in SAP2000 for three representative RC frames (3-, 10-, and 20-story), considering beam-only, column-only, and combined stiffness degradation scenarios. The analytical framework integrates theoretical derivations of effective stiffness models with response-spectrum-based simulations, following the provisions of Vietnamese code (TCVN 9386:2012) and American code (ACI 318-25), as well as the formulations proposed by Paulay & Priestley, Elwood & Eberhard, and Tran & Li. The results reveal a clear height-dependent and nonlinear relationship between stiffness degradation and seismic response. In low-rise frames, beam stiffness reduction primarily governs lateral deformation, whereas column stiffness degradation dominates the dynamic behavior and internal force concentration in medium- and high-rise systems. When the effective stiffness ratio falls below EId/EIg = 0.5, roof drift and fundamental period increase sharply, and internal forces at the column base (M and Q) are amplified, leading to excessive deformation and potential instability. Among the models examined, the Tran & Li formulation provided the highest accuracy and stability when validated against experimental data. The findings emphasize that column stiffness should not be reduced below 50% of the gross section stiffness in high-rise frames to maintain acceptable vibration periods and control lateral drift. The novelty of this work lies in quantifying the nonlinear, height-dependent influence of stiffness degradation across multiple structural parameters, bridging the gap between component-level deterioration and system-level seismic performance. The results provide height-sensitive insights for improving nonlinear seismic analysis and performance-based design of RC frame buildings.
Compressive Strength and Acid Resistance of Fly Ash Based One-Part Geopolymer Abdulmatin, Akkadath; Dueramae, Saofee; Benchaphong, Apai; Thongraksa, Apiwish; Pethrung, Sirichai
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-02-021

Abstract

This research studied the properties of one-part geopolymer mortar using a binder from high calcium fly ash. Sodium metasilicate (SM) and sodium hydroxide (SH) were used as solid alkali activators at ratios of 1:1 and 1:2. This study focused on the effect of the dosage and the solid ratio of the alkali activator from SM and SH for the potential to produce a one-part geopolymer. The compressive strength and corrosion resistance of mortar due to sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were investigated. The results showed that using a high amount of sodium metasilicate and sodium hydroxide could enhance the development of compressive strength. The fly ash-based one-part geopolymer using sodium metasilicate and sodium hydroxide (SM: NH) at a ratio of 1:1 at 18% achieved the highest compressive strength of 13.3 MPa at 60 days. For the acid attack, it was found that the fly ash-based one-part geopolymer mortar using SM: NH at a ratio of 1:1 had a lower weight change than a ratio of 1:2 after immersion in sulfuric acid. Meanwhile, the fly ash-based one-part geopolymer mortar with SM: NH at a ratio of 1:2 showed higher resistance to hydrochloric acid than at a ratio of 1:1.

Page 188 of 193 | Total Record : 1923

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