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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Performance of Concrete MRF at Near-Field Earthquakes Compared to Far-Field Earthquakes Raji, Farzaneh; Naeiji, Amir
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The characteristic of near-field earthquake records has been investigated in the previous studies. However, the effects of the near-field earthquakes on the response of the building structures need to be further investigated. Engineering demand parameters like inter-story drift ratio and floor acceleration can provide a good means for comparing the response of structures to the near-field and the far-field earthquakes. The main objective of this paper was to apply these two parameters to compare the behavior of the concrete Moment Resistant Frame (MRF) subjected to near-field and far-field ground motions. In this study, non-linear numerical simulations were performed on concrete MRF office buildings subjected to two sets of 14 near-field records and 14 far-field records. The analytical models simulated 4-story, 8-story, and 16 story buildings. The obtained results indicated that the near-field effects can increase the inter-story drift ratio and floor acceleration at lower stories of low and mid-rise building subjected to high ground motion intensities.

Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Baghdad Albayati, Amjad H.; Lateef, Ishraq Mahdi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are events that suddenly, inadvertently and unexpectedly occur under unforeseen circumstances that involve at least one moving vehicle and result in one or more road users being killed or injured. Unfortunately, Iraqi governorates suffer from higher rates of traffic accident casualties compared with the rates of casualties from terrorist attacks; this situation reveals a serious and growing problem. Road traffic accidents are not easy to eradicate. However, their prevalence can be reduced to the barest minimum via periodic assessments of traffic accident characteristics and the most important aspects for road authorities to consider when designing and evaluating the performance of a road to improve traffic and road users’ safety.Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to evaluate traffic accidents in Baghdad using a retrospective analysis of accidents that occurred from 2006–2016 taking into consideration the following parameters: the cause of the accident, the genders of the victims, the number and type of vehicles involved in the accident, the time of the accident, the severity of the accident, the type of accident and the age group of the driver(s). The data were been obtained from the Central Statistical Organization in the Ministry of Planning. The results reveal that 12,019 RTAs occurred in the city of Baghdad; on average, 1,092 RTAs occurred each year. Twenty-two percent of the RTAs resulted in death, 67% resulted in injury and 6% resulted in both deaths and injuries. Only 4% of the RTAs resulted in property damage without victims. To this end, Baghdad has the highest prevalence of RTAs of all Iraqi governorates. These results provide scientific evidence to mobilize road authorities to effectively and urgently develop adequate traffic strategies and policies to reduce the epidemic of RTAs in Baghdad as well as other Iraqi governorates.

Comparative Study on Two Storey Car Showroom Using Pre-engineered Building (PEB) Concept Based on British Standards and Euro Code Balamuralikrishnan R.; Ibrahim Shabbir Mohammedali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Majority of steel structures are used for low-rise single storey buildings mainly for industrial purpose. Steel structures are preferred for industrial buildings due to its higher strength to weight ratio as compare to RCC structures and steel structures also gives more free internal space by allowing long clear span between columns. Pre-engineered building (PEB) is a modern age concept of utilizing structural steel and optimizing the design by ensuring the economical integrity of the structure. The structural members are designed and fabricated in the factory under controlled environment to produce optimum sections by varying the thickness of the sections along the length of the member as per the bending moment requirement. The aim of the research paper is to analyses and design a PEB car showroom of two storey (G+1) using STAAD Pro in accordance to British standards (BS 5950-1:2000) and Euro codes (EC3 EN-1993-1) with wind and seismic analysis. In order to achieve the above aim of the project, two models of the car showroom were created namely British Standard (BS) model and Euro code (EC) model using STAAD Pro. The member property for BS model is assigned with tapered frame sections while the EC model is assigned with universal standard section frames. The load cases were assigned to the models for analysis include dead load, live load, wind load and seismic load. Wind load and seismic load being the critical dynamic loads that will be analyzed for the stability of the structure against lateral forces. The results from the analysis and design of the two models were within the allowable limits for ultimate and serviceability limit state since the internal stresses in all the members satisfies the unity check ratio requirements for both design codes. The dynamic analysis results suggest that EC model has higher resistance to seismic loading as compare to BS model since the maximum displacement with time in X-direction for EC model is 8.83 mm and for BS model is 10.5 mm. The total weight of the structure for BS model is 1125.431 kN and for EC model is 1214.315 kN, which makes EC model 7.9% heavier than BS model. Moreover, the total weight of all the portal frames for BS model is 457.26 kN and for EC model is 574.725 kN, which makes tapered frame sections to utilize and reduce the amount of steel by 25.7%. Therefore, BS model proved to be an economical model when compared to Euro code.

Effect of Hospital Effluents and Sludge Wastewater on Foundations Produced from Different Types of Concrete Aamer Najim Abbas; Lubna M. Abd; Muhannd W. Majeed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In last decades, there is an insufficiency of fresh water and construction works are increasing day by day consuming large amount of fresh water. Therefore research is processing on to employ the treated domestic wastewater in the preparation and curing of concrete. In this investigation, the concrete slab specimens casted with normal strength concrete and modified reactive powder concrete. The concrete specimens cast by using fresh water, wastewater, and hospital effluents water. The specimens cured in all water types for 28days and 56 days. At 28days curing with wastewater, a decrease in punching shear strength was observed from 24 kN in case of curing with fresh water to 21 kN and 20 kN in case of curing with wastewater and hospital effluents water respectively. Highest strength is exhibited by 56 days curing age, it was recorded about 32 kN, 24 kN and 23 kN punching shear strength of specimens cured with fresh water, wastewater and hospital effluents water respectively. The excess quantity of bicarbonates in treated domestic wastewater as curing water results a decrease in compressive strength of concrete specimens. Appearance of first crack was also affected significantly by using wastewater and hospital effluents water as curing water; 7.5 kN, 6.5 kN and 6 kN were the first crack loads of normal strength concrete panels cured with fresh water, wastewater and hospital effluents water, and 11 kN, 10 kN and 7.5 kN were the first crack loads of modified reactive powder concrete cured with fresh water, wastewater and hospital effluents water.

Concrete Beams Strengthened with Jute Fibers Yaseen Ali Salih; Nadia Nazhat Sabeeh; Mohammed Faeq Yass; Ahmed Shihab Ahmed; Ektiffa Saleh Khudhurr
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Nowadays, the reinforcement of concrete with natural fibers can consider being an effectual scheme to achieve the global demand for sustainable development. Due to sustainability, bio degradability, and environmental friendly, natural fibers are preferred as compared to synthetic fibers. The present study investigated the effect of width and thickness of jute fiber strips on the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beams (RC beams). The experimental program consisted testing of twenty-four RC beams (150*150*1000 mm) comprised of four groups. The first group consisted of three reference RC beams, the second group consisted of three RC beams strengthened longitudinally with carbon fiber strip (CFRP) of 15 cm width, the third group included nine RC beams strengthened longitudinally with one layer of jute fiber strips (JFRP) having variable width, 5, 10, and 15 cm, and lastly the fourth group which was same as the third group except using double layer of jute fiber strips. Generally, the results showed that toughness, ultimate flexural strength, and load carrying capacity of RC beams strengthened with JFRP were increased with the increase of the strip width and thickness. On the other hand, ductility and stiffness were decreased with the increase of the strip width. Test results showed that load carrying capacity was improved by 5.56 and 11.1% for one layer of jute fiber strips of 5 and 15 cm width respectively as compared with the reference specimens. On the other hand, the load carrying capacity was improved by 3.95 and 8.75 % for two layers of jute fiber strips of 10 and 15 cm width respectively as compared with the one layer strengthened specimens. Concerning the CFRP strengthening, the load carrying capacity was improved by 77.76% as compared with the reference specimens.

A Study on the Quality of Campus Landscape on Students' Attendance at the University Campus Mojgan Ghorbanzadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Considering the expansion of higher education program in Iran to meet the needs of youth in recent years, there have been many institutes of higher education in closed spaces. This need is balanced now and it is time to highlight the importance of the impact of open spaces on higher education and improving its quality. The purpose of this study is to review landscape designing theories in University of Bojnord and investigating the role of these components in students’ attendance in the university environment. The ultimate goal is to extract and prioritize the desirability factors of the open spaces of campus and the students' attendance at the university. -The findings of the extraction have been analyzed based on the access to landscape design patterns. It is conducted by designing a visual questionnaire based on the components of landscape desirability such as understanding, exploration, compatible with the desire for participation and relaxation and enjoyment of the landscape. The questionnaire was given to 55 Students of University of Bojnord. The statistical population was all students of University of Bojnord. The sampling method was random clustering from the faculties of based on their gender and major. The data was stored, analyzed and processed in SPSS software. Data analysis shows the priority of the main factors of the desirability of open spaces on campus. The landscape desirability of Bojnurd University and students’ attendance at university is low and it requires a serious review of the architectural design of the university landscape.

Predictive Modeling for Developing Maintenance Management in Construction Projects Noor S. Omar; Wadhah A. Hatem; Hafeth I. Najy
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Maintenance is one of the most important global issue and it taking an increasing recognition in numerous study field. Meanwhile, in Iraq with the absence of an efficient building maintenance management and a lack of appropriate predictive maintenance tool of the current buildings can have a significant negative impact on future building development. Currently, there is a paradigm shift in management of building maintenance from corrective to preventive and predictive approaches that is attainable through creating of an evaluative model to evaluate a variety of alternative decisions. This paper aimed at developing mathematical models for the buildings maintenance. This was achieved through the division of building according to the methods of division based on a number of global maintenance manuals and previous studies. Consequently, based on literature review and interviews with experts on building maintenance, questionnaire was designed that included most of the maintenance items of building. Then, the results of the questionnaire were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), to determine the most important maintenance items, the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) technique was used. Finally, this research recommended adoption the model for quick evaluation and appropriately monitoring of buildings. It will also help architects and engineers to make predictions throughout scientific methods instead dependence on personal decisions.

Combined Influence of Fly Ash and Recycled Coarse Aggregates on Strength and Economic Performance of Concrete Babar Ali; Liaqat Ali Qureshi; Muhammad Asad Nawaz; Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) and fly ash (FA) are materials with least to very low global warming potential. Considering long term strength and durability, various studies have suggested to use RCA in concrete with FA. This research paper deals with the strength and economic performance of concrete made with individual and combined incorporation of FA and RCA. Nine different mixtures of concrete were prepared by varying the incorporation levels of RCA and FA. 0% RCA, 50% RCA and 100% RCA were used in concrete with three different levels of FA (0%FA, 20%FA, and 40%FA). The compressive strength of each mixture of concrete was determined at the age of 3, 28, 90 and 180 days. To evaluate economic performance cost of 1 m3 of each mixture of concrete was compared to that of the control mixture having 0% RCA and 0% FA. Results showed that RCA was detrimental to the compressive strength of concrete at all ages, whereas, FA reduced early strength but improved the strength at later ages of testing i.e. 90 and 180 days. FA plus RCA mixes also showed lower early age strength but gained higher strength than conventional concrete at the age of 180 days. RCA did not reduce the cost of concrete effectively. FA despite having a very high transportation cost, it reduced the cost of concrete efficiently. FA did not only reduce the cost of binder but also lower the demand of plasticizer by improving workability. Cost to strength ratio (CSR) analysis also indicated that FA significantly improve the combined economic and strength performance of RCA concrete mixes.

Effect of Waste Marble Powder and Fly Ash on the Rheological Characteristics of Cement Based Grout Muhammet Çınar; Mehmet Karpuzcu; Hanifi Çanakcı
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper shows the results of an experimental study conducted to research the impact of waste marble powder (WMP) and fly ash (FA) on the fluidity (marsh cone flow time (MCFT), mini-slump diameter and plate cohesion meter (PCM)) and the rheological properties (viscosity and yield stress) of cement based grout (CBG) mixtures. The experiments were applied with the CBG mix including 1.00 water-binder (w/b) ratios and combined use of WMP (5-25%), FA (5-25%) and WMP+FA (10-30% + constant 25%). Test results illustrated that the rheological properties of the CBGs importantly have been improved by the addition of WMP, FA and WMP+FA to grout mix at w/b=1 ratio. Strongly shear thickening behaviour was got from the CBG mixtures the all WMP, FA and WMP+FA content. The increase in the percentage of WMP (5-25%) amount reduced the mini-slump flow diameter. Moreover, the increment in the percentage of FA (5-25%) amount increments the mini slum flow. According to the control sample, the increment in the percentage of WMP (10-25%) amount increased the mini-slump flow diameter for constant FA (25%) content. Also, the increase in WMP amount in the CBG mix, there is no effect on MCFT. Also, MCFT decreased with the increase of FA amount. Especially, FA increased the fluidity of CBG, when the WMP showed negative effect in increase the MCFT in WMP+FA content.

New α-Aminophosphonates as Corrosion Inhibitors for Oil and Gas Pipelines Protection Evgeny Nikitin; Georgy Shumatbaev; Dmitriy Terenzhev; Kirill Sinyashin; Kamila Kazimova
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The problem of corrosion of metal equipment is one of the most actual problems in oil industry. One of the methods to solve this problem is the development of new low-toxic, accessible and effective corrosion inhibitors. For this purpose, we carried out the synthesis of the new α-aminophosphonates based on syntanyl phosphites, formalin and diethanolamine according to the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. The resulting products are characterized by 1H, 31P, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy methods. The obtained compounds contain a long radical chain of industrial (poly)ethoxylated alcohol residue with different length of the hydroxyethyl fragment, as well as an active center containing O-P-C-N fragment, which impart them inhibitory properties toward corrosion processes. The anticorrosive activity of the new aminophosphonates was studied by gravimetric analysis method. In the article the effect of concentration, time and degree of ethoxylation of the hydrocarbon radical in alpha-aminophosphonates on the protective effect of inhibitors was studies. It was shown that the obtained aminophosphonates exhibit high values of the protective effect of steel in a highly mineralized medium containing 250 g/m3 СО2 and 200 g/m3 Н2S. The high value of the protective effect (82-85 %) at inhibitor concentration of 25 mg/l was found. The maximum protective effect at 50 mg/ml dosage of the inhibitor is 94.3 %, while there is a decrease of the corrosion rate (less than 0.04 mm/year).

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