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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Numerical Evaluation of Foundation of Digester Tank of Sewage Treatment Plant Mahdi O Karkush; Ala N. Aljorany
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the present study the foundation of digester tank, main part of sewage treatment plant, is reanalyzed analytically and numerically to check the adequacy of such foundation to support superstructure loading. The foundation of digester tank consists of raft foundation and bored piles. The diameter of raft is 33 m and thickness of 1 m, while the piles are bored type of diameter 0.6 m and length 15 m. After testing eleven working piles, it is found that three piles cannot support a load of 1.5 times the working load (1305 kN) safely or in other words the factor of safety of these failed piles is less than 1.5. The results of filed pile tests are reanalyzed using two well-known methods, Davisson’s method and Brinch-Hansen method to check the ultimate carrying capacity of tested piles. Also, this paper includes analysis of previous soil investigation report and conducting additional soil investigation by drilling three boreholes to secure the soil parameters used in the analytical and numerical analysis of digester tank foundation. SAFE 12 software is used to analysis the foundation of structure as piled-raft instead of pile group to interest from the interaction between soil and raft foundation. The results of analysis showed that the piles failed in the tests can support its share of the superstructure load by a factor of safety 1.8 and the piles success in the field tests can support its share of the superstructure load by a factor of safety not less than 2.86. Also, the settlement under structure will be less than 100 mm, where using piled-raft analysis reduces the settlement to be within allowable limits.

Bioindication of Urban Air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Petunia Hybrida Benaissa, Fatima; Bendahmane, Ibrahim; Bourfis, Nassima; Aoulaiche, Oussama; Alkama, Rezak
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Different ways can be used to determinate the effects of hydrocarbons on plants: the bioindication with plants is one of these methods. It consists of using sensitive plants like Petunia hybrida to evaluate the urban levels of hydrocarbon pollution. The sensitivity shows physiological and morphological modifications. In this context, this research aims to characterize the level of exposure to air pollutants resulting from anthropogenic activities in urban area of Bejaia (Algeria) by measuring the morphological impacts induced on Petunia hybrida using 11 parameters detailing the morphological development of this plant. During 7 weeks (March 23- May 11, 2017), ten monitoring stations were chosen in this city. The results showed that the most important morphological changes are directly associated with the stations closest to the main atmospheric emission zones. It is by moving away from these sources of exposure that the morphological changes observed in this bioindicating plant become less important. These results coincide with those found for particle matter concentrations including PM10 and PM2.5 which indicate that Daouadji and Aamriw stations are the most polluted sites in Bejaia. Analyzes carried out on research station located in rural area (more than 30 km from the studied city) revealed a greater general development compared to other stations.

Serviceability Assessment of Continuous Beams Strengthened by SMA Strands under Cyclic Loading Fatemeh Azadpour; Ali Akbar Maghsoudi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Since the wide cracks or large deflections can have a significant effect on the appearance of concrete elements and may cause some uncommon behavior, therefore, serviceability of concrete structures requires investigation. The main objective of this paper is to study experimentally the serviceability of continuous reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by Ni-Ti strands. In addition, some building code provisions were used to calculate crack width and deflection. The current study presents the experimental results to verify the accuracy of building codes’ provisions for continuous RC beams strengthened by SMA strands. Although a pattern of smaller width cracks was monitored for strengthened beams, more than 50% of the crack widths were recovered because of super elastic SMA strands. The performance of crack width provisions illustrates an overestimated crack width for SMA RC beams. Moreover, the predicted values for immediate deflections based on building codes provided a good agreement, although the effective reinforcement ratio (steel reinforcement and SMA strands) had a significant effect on immediate deflections of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by SMA strands under service loads.

Determination a Reasonable Concession Period for (PPP) Projects Ali Hasan Hadi; Kadhim Raheim Erzaij
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Public Private Partnership (PPP) are agreements where public bodies enter into long term contractual with private entities for construction or management the public sector facilities, or provision services to the community. Internal rate of return (IRR), pay back regime or tariff, and the concession period (CP) are essential items to success (PPP) projects. This research presents a systematic approach for a win-win partnership contract determined on a quantitative basis, by informing the partnership parties how long contract period should be made. Essence of the proposed methodology is that project completion time should allow a competent contractor to complete the project on schedule and operation period should be long enough to enable the concessionaire to achieve a reasonable return, but not too long such that concessionaire’s return is excessive and public sector’s interests are sacrificed. A case study of a PPP project in Mayoralty of Baghdad was conducted to evaluate performance of the developed mathematical models. The determined concession period (CP) has found to be approximately equal to actual concession period (CP) granted to the private sector. Evaluation shows the possibility to adopt the proposed approach to determine the concession period (CP) more effectively. Instead of opportunism policy, the proposed methodology enables local government of Baghdad province to enhance its policies of awarding the partnership projects to increase private sector participation in infrastructure development. Finally, the proposed method can be used by investment practitioners as a decision support tool for contract concession period (CP), and is worth popularizing to design the contracted concession period (CCP) for partnership projects in Iraq, and also can use as a methodology to assess the critical aspects which related to partnership projects in general.

Behavioral Differences Towards Internal and External Factors in Making the Bid/No Bid Decision Bageis, Abdulrahman; Falqi, Ibrahim I.; Alshehri, Abdullah; Alsulamy, Saleh; Alsahli, Tariq A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Decision-making and subjective evaluation are two important aspects that characterizes the involvement of an organization in tender process. Moreover, selection of the right project to bid for is a principal feature of business success. The study aims to investigate the behavioral differences of Saudi construction contractors toward internal and external factors based on the process of modelling the bidding decisions. A quantitative research design is used to investigate the behavioral differences of 97 contractors recruited from construction industry of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was distributed among the respondents that would help in identifying the significant level of factors affecting the bid or no bid decision. The impact of internal and external factors on the bidding decisions was evaluated using one-way ANOVA analysis. The results have shown a significant and positive effect of internal and external factors on the bid or no bid decision; including job start time, work capital requirement, availability of qualified human resources, bidding methods, bidding document price, project supervision procedure and etc. The study has helped in establishing a better understanding toward the behavioral differences of contractors with respect to the bidding decisions.

Comparative Study of Structural Behaviour for Rolled and Castellated Steel Beams with Different Strengthening Techniques Hadeed, Shakir Mahmood; Hussain Alshimmeri, Ahmad Jabbar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Currently, the castellated steel beams are used widely because of their useful structural applications and serviceable performance due to their good significant properties such as light weight, facility in construction, materials economize and strength. The castellated steel beam fabricated from its origin solid beam (I-beam) by cutting its web in a zigzag path and then re-joined the two halve by welding so the height of the castellated beam expanded about 50%. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of castellation with and without strengthening on the structural behaviour of castellated beams and compare the results with the origin solid steel beam. Three castellated beams with deferent configuration in addition to solid beam subjected to two equal point loads at mid third of span with simple support condition were analysed numerically using finite element analysis by Abaqus software virgin (6.14.5) .The results show that the load carrying capacity values of castellated steel beams that represent (second, third& fourth) models were increased by (39.11,105.95&124.77) % respectively compared with origin solid beamÂ due to increase beams stiffness after castellation and strengthening process, while mid-span deflection values at service load were decreased by (36.36,9.10&27.27) % respectively comparing with the origin solid steel beam due to increasing section dimensions and stiffness after castellation process and using strengthening technique respectively. Also it was seen that the maximum ultimate moment and ductility were observed in the fourth model that strengthened by high strength concrete and lacing reinforcement so they increased by 124.79% and 165.65% respectively as compare to reference beam, while the third model that strengthened by high strength concrete was stiffer than other beams.

Influence of Glass Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates Ali, Babar; Qureshi, Liaqat Ali; Raza, Ali; Nawaz, Muhammad Asad; Rehman, Safi Ur; Rashid, Muhammad Usman
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Despite plain cement concrete presenting inferior performance in tension and adverse environmental impacts, it is the most widely used construction material in the world. Consumption of fibers and recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) can add ductility and sustainability to concrete. In this research, two mix series (100%NCA, and 100%RCA) were prepared using four different dosages of GF (0%GF, 0.25%GF, 0.5%GF, and 0.75%GF by volume fraction).Â Mechanical properties namely compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of each concrete mixture was evaluated at the age of 28 days. The results of testing indicated that the addition of GF was very useful in enhancing the split tensile and flexural strength of both RCA and NCA concrete. Compressive strength was not highly sensitive to the addition of GF. The loss in strength that occurred due to the incorporation of RCA was reduced to a large extent upon the inclusion of GF. GF caused significant improvements in the split tensile and flexural strength of RCA concrete. Optimum dosage of GF was determined to be 0.25% for NCA, and 0.5% for RCA concrete respectively, based on the results of combined mechanical performance (MP).

Prioritizing the Main Elements of Quality Costs in Design-Build Mass-Housing Projects Mohammad Balouchi; Majid Gholhaki; Ali Niousha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Reducing the cost of quality in mass-housing projects can reduce the overall cost and can also result in increasing profitability or the possibility of getting more projects due to the lower price offered in the tenders. The first step to reduce the cost of quality is to identify different elements, determine their impact on the final product quality and then prioritize them. In this study, questionnaires and structured interviews with experienced construction professionals were employed to identify and prioritize the fundamental elements using the P-A-F (prevention, evaluation, and failure) method, one of the most well-known methods for categorizing quality costs. The results indicate a high impact of preventive activities and the low impact of external failure activities on final product quality. According to the results, the use of experienced specialists and skilled workers is more effective than in-service training of inexperienced forces. Corrective actions of non-conformities and design improvements have a significant impact on final product quality. The new approach to COQ elements ranking, used in this research, can help decision-makers to prioritize the most effective activities in construction projects to increase final quality with an optimum quality cost.

Impact of Road Humps on the Pavement Surface Condition Mohamed Hamed Zakaria; Amal H. Al-Ayaat; Sayed A. Shwaly
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In order to fight against over-speeding, the government and people in Egypt resorted to the installation of speed humps without adequate studies. On this basis, speed humps became widespread in most of the Egyptian roads in a semi-random way. It has been observed that the pavement condition of the roads has deteriorated in the vicinity of these humps. For impact assessment of speed humps on the pavement condition index (PCI), three roads link Kafr El-Sheikh city with three major towns in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate were selected to conduct PCI survey. The results indicated that the presence of speed humps contributes greatly to reduce the pavement condition index (PCI) values. It should be mentioned that the average reduction in PCI values ranged between 15% and 22% due to the presence of speed humps. Also, the most frequently observed distress on the pavement sections including humps considered for the selected roads was Raveling and Rutting. Accordingly, to avoid the pavement defects at the locations where the speed humps are installed, it is proposed to study the structural section of the road in the vicinity of the speed hump to resist the braking force and speed reduction effect.

Experimental Investigation for Effects of Mini-piles on the Structural Response of Raft Foundations Huda Hussein Ahmed; Salah Rohaima Al-Zaidee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Mini-piles made their debut as a cost-effective way to stabilize the historical structures. Recently, mini-piles have increased in popularity all over the world and are being used for bridges, buildings, slope stability, antenna towers, and residential construction. This paper presents the preparing, executing, data acquisition, and result presentation for an experimental work concerns with five scale-down mini-piled raft foundation models. All models were prepared to study the effectiveness of the mini-piled raft foundation in reducing the settlement and the bending moments. Five tests have been achieved. The reference first test includes a raft foundation with 15mm thickness. Second, third, and fourth tests are mini-piled raft foundations with five mini-piles and with thicknesses of 15 mm, 10 mm, and 8mm respectively. Finally, the fifth test dealt with a single mini-pile 178mm in length and 6mm in diameter. It has been adopted to investigate the reference behavior of the single mini-pile. When they were used, the piles have 42 mm center to center distances. A scale-down factor of , a sandy soil with with of , and relative density of 60% have been considered in all tests. Test results indicated a 45% decrease in settlement for 15mm mini-piled raft foundation comparing with the reference 15mm raft foundation. Moreover, there is no significant difference in settlement between 15mm mini-piled raft foundation comparing with the 10mm and 8mm thick mini-piled raft foundations. Regarding to the bending moments, they decrease at the mid and edge of the 15mm mini-piled raft foundation comparing to those of the reference raft foundation. It has also been noted that the moments are inversely proportional to the thickness of the piled raft foundations. With respect to the mini-piles, it has been found that most of the pile axial loads are transferred to the underneath soil through friction and this friction increases as the raft thickness decreases.

Page 53 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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