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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 2 (2014)" : 15 Documents clear

Biotransformation and Cytotoxic Activity of Guaiacol Dimer Galuh Widiyarti; Jamilah Abbas; Yulia Anita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Guaiacol, a phenolic compound is known as an anticancer. Dimerization of guaiacol has been done by biotransformation using peroxidase enzyme as biocatalyst. This enzyme was isolated from Indonesian plant, kailan (Brassica oleraceae var. alboglabra). Analysis of dimerization product was carried out by TLC, IR, LC-MS, and NMR. Whilst analysis of in-vitro cytotoxic activity was carried out by MTT method against breast cancer T47D and MCF7 cells. The result showed that the dimerization reaction gave O-para dehydroguaiacol. The in-vitro cytotoxic activity analysis showed that O-para dehydroguaiacol compound has potency as anti-breast cancer.

Synthesis of Zeolite NaA from Low Grade (High Impurities) Indonesian Natural Zeolite Asalil Mustain; Gede Wibawa; Mukhammad Furoiddun Nais; Miftakhul Falah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The zeolite NaA has been successfully synthesized from the low grade natural zeolite with high impurities. The synthesis method was started by mixing natural zeolite powder with NH4Cl aqueous solution in the reactor as pretreatment. The use of pretreatment was to reduce the impurities contents in the zeolite. The process was followed by alkaline fusion hydrothermal treatment to modify the framework structure of natural zeolite and reduce the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Finally, the synthesized zeolite was calcined at 600 °C for 2 h. The final zeolite product was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the morphology of the zeolite NaA was cubic shape as observed by SEM analysis and the synthesized zeolite NaA with pretreatment gave less impurity than without pretreatment.

Synthesis of Pb(II) Imprinted Carboxymethyl Chitosan and the Application as Sorbent for Pb(II) Ion Abu Masykur; Sri Juari Santosa; Dwi Siswanta; Jumina Jumina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The aims of this research is to synthesize Pb(II) imprinted polymers with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as polymers and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) as cross-linker (Pb-IIP). Chitosan (CTS), non imprinted polymer (NIP) and Pb-IIP were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer (SAA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The result showed that the adsorption was optimum at pH 5 and contact time of 250 min. Adsorption of Pb(II) ion with all of adsorbents followed pseudo-second order kinetic equation. Adsorption of Pb(II) ion on CTS followed Freundlich isotherm while that on NIP and Pb-IIP followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorbent of Pb-IIP give higher capacity than the NIP and CTS. Adsorption capacity of Pb-IIP, NIP and CTS were 167.1, 128.9 and 76.1 mg/g, respectively. NIP gave higher adsorption selectivity for Pb(II)/Ni(II) and Pb(II)/Cu(II), whereas Pb-IIP showed higher adsorption selectivity for Pb(II)/Cd(II).The hydrogen bonding dominated interaction between Pb(II) ion on NIP and Pb-IIP.

Antiplasmodial Evaluation of One Compound from Calophyllum flavoranulum Jamilah Abbas; Syafruddin Syafruddin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Calophyllum flavoranulum (Clusiaceae family) is a big tree and medical plants from the tropical rain forest of the Indonesian continent. The organic extracts from stem bark yielded phenyl coumarin. The structure was elucidated with the aid of spectroscopic technique. Antiplasmodial activities of isolated compound was tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei parasite and showed the best antiplasmodial activity. New flavoranulum coumarin compound showed activity against P. berghei parasite with inhibition growth 0, 31.33, 40, 30.67, 46 and 34% at dosage 1.1x10-10, 1.1x10-9, 1.1x10-8, 1.1x10-7, 1.1x10-6, and 1.1x10-5 mg/mL, respectively. Flavoranulum coumarin very active as antiplasmodial, and at 3 and 4 day incubation all of parasite were died.

Synthesis of Benzoyl C-Phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl Octaacetate and Cinnamoyl C-Phenylcalix[4]arene for UV Absorbers Budiana I Gusti M. Ngurah; Jumina Jumina; Chairil Anwar; Mustofa Mustofa; Sahadewa Sahadewa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A new upper rim-functionalized benzoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octaacetate and cinnamoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene have been synthesized and evaluated as the absorbers for ultraviolet radiation. The benzoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octaacetate was synthesized in 3 steps. They were synthesis of C-phenilcalix[4]resorcinarene via acid-catalyzed-condensation of resorcinol and benzaldehyde, followed by O-acetylation and Friedel-Craft benzoylation. The cinnamoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene was synthesized in 4 steps. They were synthesis of C-phenilcalix[4]resorcinarene via acid-catalyzed-condensation of resorcinol and benzaldehyde, followed by O-acetylation, Friedel-Craft cinnamoylation and hydrolysis. Spectroscopic analysis (UV) showed that the target molecule absorbed the ultraviolet radiation between 200 and 400 nm with the maximum absorption at 240.50 nm (ε = 10.135 M-1 cm-1) and 243.50 nm (ε = 12.135 M-1 cm-1).

Deactivation and Regeneration of Ni/ZA Catalyst in Hydrocracking of Polypropylene Imam Khabib; Sri Kadarwati; Sri Wahyuni
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The phenomena of catalyst deactivation and the effects of regeneration method on the characteristics and activity of Ni/ZA catalyst after being used in a continuous cracking reaction of polypropylene have been studied. Ni/ZA catalyst was prepared using sonochemical method with total metal intake of 4%. Characteristics and activity of fresh, spent, and regenerated catalyst were evaluated to get a better understanding about the catalyst deactivation. Characteristics which have been observed include catalyst acidity, porosity, crystallinity, and surface morphology. Catalytic activity test of Ni/ZA catalyst on polypropylene cracking reaction at temperature of 500 °C with H2 flow rate of 20 mL/min and catalyst:feed ratio of 1:2 (w/w) showed the decrease of some catalyst characteristics such as specific surface area, total pore volume, and acidity due to coke fouling over a five-times continuous experiment. Regeneration of catalyst with oxidation-reduction method has been able to increase the activity and acidity of catalyst up to 7.47% and 38.54%, respectively, compared to those of spent catalyst, while the catalyst surface area and total pore volume decreased up to 32.83% and 26.92%, respectively.

Optimization and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Fingerprint of Phyllanthus niruri Wulan Tri Wahyuni; Latifah K. Darusman; Aji Hamim Wigena
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Split-plot mixture-mixture design has been applied for optimization of Phyllanthus niruri chromatographic fingerprint. The design was applied for unreplicated and simultaneous optimization of extraction mixture and chromatographic mobile phase mixture. The whole-plot was extraction solvent contained various combinations of methanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane in a simplex centroid with axial design. The sub-plot was reversed phase chromatographic mobile phase in simplex centroid design contained varying proportions of methanol, acetonitrile and acetonitrile:water (55:45 v/v). Each extract was eluted with seven mobile phases of high performance liquid chromatography and detected at 210, 225 and 254 nm. The optimum condition was determined based on the number of peaks. The correlation between extraction solvent, chromatographic mobile phase and number of peak were evaluated with Ordinary Least Square method. The root mean square error of calibration and root mean square error of prediction obtained at 210, 225 and 254 nm were 1.8634 and 4.0076; 2.2220 and 5.2839; 1.5436 and 2.2606, respectively. The optimum condition was obtained when the ethyl acetate extract was eluted with acetonitrile:water (55:45 v/v) and detected at 254 nm. Precision of retention time at optimum condition was excellent, with the relative standard deviation in a range of 0.0698% and 0.3006%.

Preparation and Application of Platinum Composite Microelectrode (PCM) for the Routine Analysis of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceutical Products Riyanto Riyanto; Ahmad Safarudin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation and application of platinum composite microelectrode (PCM) for the routine analysis of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical products has been carried out. This electrode was prepare by Pt powder and PVC in 4 mL tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent and swirled flatly to homogeneous followed by drying in an oven at 100 °C for 3 h. The mixture was placed in 0.5 cm diameter stainless steel mould and pressed at 10 ton/cm2. The cyclic voltammetry were performed in a three electrodes system using PCM as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl) as reference electrode and platinum wire as the counter electrode. Electroanalysis of acetaminophen was performed in 0.1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The result of the study showed that the correlation of determination using PCM electrode for electroanalysis acetaminophen was R2 = 0.999. Precision, recovery, LOD and LOQ of the PCM towards acetaminophen were found to be 1.04%, 100.54%, 19.52 mg/L and 65.08 mg/L, respectively. As a conclusion, the methods can be used for routine analysis of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical product. Simplicity of sample preparation and use of low cost reagents are the additional benefit of this method.

Theoretical Study on the Extraction of Alkaline Earth Salts by 18-Crown-6: Roles of Counterions, Solvent Types and Extraction Temperatures Saprizal Hadisaputra; Lorenz R Canaval; Harno Dwi Pranowo; Ria Armunanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The roles of counterions, solvent types and extraction temperatures on the selectivity of 18-crown-6 (L) toward alkaline earth salts MX2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Cl-, NO3-) have been studied by density functional method at B3LYP level of theory in gas and solvent phase. In gas phase, the chloride anion Cl- is the preference counterion than nitrate anion NO3-. This result is confirmed by the interaction energies, the second order interaction energies, charge transfers, energy difference between HOMO-LUMO and electrostatic potential maps. The presence of solvent reversed the gas phase trend. It is found that NO3- is the preference counterion in solvent phase. The calculated free energies demonstrate that the solvent types strongly change the strength of the complex formation. The free energies are exothermic in polar solvent while for the non polar solvent the free energies are endothermic. As the temperature changes the free energies also vary where the higher the temperatures the lower the free energy values. The calculated free energies are correlated well with the experimental stability constants. This theoretical study would have a strong contribution in planning the experimental conditions in terms of the preference counterions, solvent types and optimum extraction temperatures.

Effect of Silica Fillers on Characterization of Cellulose-Acrylamide Hydrogels Matrices as Controlled Release Agents for Urea Fertilizers Deni Swantomo; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Kris Tri Basuki; Rahman Sudiyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Controlled Release Urea Fertilizers-based hydrogels matrices was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto the rice straw cellulose backbones in the presence of silica fillers using simultaneous graft copolymerization by gamma irradiation as initiator. Evidence of the silica presence on grafted cellulose was obtained from FTIR. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline was reduced through silica fillers added. The effect of silica content on grafting efficiency, gel fraction, Young modulus, swelling degree, and urea loading were examined. It was found that grafting efficiency and gel fraction decrease with increasing silica added inversely with Young modulus. Water swelling and loading urea fertilizers into hydrogels matrices were conducted and the results showed that swelling degree and urea fertilizers loading increased first and then decreased with increasing silica added. The effect of the silica fillers had implications in the mechanism of controlled release urea fertilizers that diffusion-controlled mechanism became dominant, which attributed to the decreasing of urea diffusion coefficient.

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