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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 23, No 4 (2023)" : 25 Documents clear
Characterization of Botanical Parts of Erythrina crista-galli Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis Abd. Wahid Rizaldi Akili; Ari Hardianto; Jalifah Latip; Maya Ismiyati; Tati Herlina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77325

Abstract

Erythrina crista-galli is commonly used in folk medicines for its pharmacological properties which are associated with the bioactive compounds. Profiling botanical parts of E. crista-galli is an exciting topic and essential to uncover the similarity and clustering based on their chemical content. The botanical parts of E. crista-galli, including bark, flowers, leaves, roots, and twigs, were subjected to pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The samples were pyrolyzed using a multi-shot pyrolyzer. The relative abundance of the pyrolysate was subjected to multivariate analysis, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The scree plot for PC.1, PC. 2, and PC. 3 accounted for 36.5%, 27.2%, and 20.3%, respectively. Together, the first three PCs explain 84% of the total variance. The PCA allows characterizing the roots of E. crista-galli by the highest relative abundance of lignin G, followed by the twigs, bark, and leaves, while the flowers had the least relative abundance of lignin G. The HCA allows to cluster the botanical parts of E. crista-galli into three different clusters based on their chemical component similarity, i.e., flowers-leaves, twigs, and roots-bark. In conclusion, Py-GC/MS analysis can be used in conjunction with multivariate data analysis to characterize the botanical parts of E. crista-galli.
Green Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of Undoped and Doped Al2O3 Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaves Extract Farzana Haider; Gul Asimullah Khan Nabi; Kiran Shah; Kafeel Ahmad Khan; Haseeba Khan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77418

Abstract

In the present work, nanoparticles of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 were prepared using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant leaf extract through co-precipitation method. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized through TGA, EDX, SEM, UV-Vis, XRD, and FTIR instruments. The electrochemical behavior of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 has been studied in DMF solution in the potential ranges from −1.5 to 1.5 V. The nanoparticles are thermally stable, according to the TGA, and the XRD patterns revealed that all the Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 particles were crystalline, with the mean sizes of 12.44, 34.61, and 31.63 nm, respectively. The cyclic voltammogram showed a cathodic peak (Epc) at 0.49 V with an anodic counterpart (Epa) at 0.49 V [E1/2 = 1.748 V]. The optical band gaps of Al2O3, Cu-Al2O3, and Ni-Al2O3 were 3.8, 3.2 and 3.65 eV, owed a cathode. It is observed that the electrochemical behavior of Ni-Al2O3 was identical to that of Al2O3 and Cu-Al2O3. The anodic and cathodic peak values rise with the scan rate. The one-electron oxidation and reduction processes are reversible, as seen by the shifting cathodic peak value toward higher negative values. All cycles exhibit absorption has a constant anodic current. This result indicated the diffusion-based redox process.
Fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Using Combination of Dyes Extracted from Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Rhizome and Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaf with Treatment in pH of the Extraction Pirim Setiarso; Rifanda Viantiano Harsono; Nita Kusumawati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77860

Abstract

Research on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) fabrication has been carried out using a combination of dyes extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Anredera cordifolia. Each dye was extracted by treating pH 1 to 13 and then characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap energy was determined by using the cyclic voltammetric method. The UV-Vis spectrum of C. xanthorrhiza extract reveals the presence of curcumin components. The UV-Vis spectrum of A. cordifolia indicates the presence of chlorophyll and a trace of anthocyanin. C. xanthorrhiza extract had the least band gap energy in the acid phase, pH 1, at 0.66 eV, and the alkaline phase, pH 13, at 0.43 eV. The minimum band gap energy of A. cordifolia extract was determined to be 0.96 eV in the acid phase, pH 7, and 0.65 eV in the alkaline phase, pH 12. When A. cordifolia and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were mixed, with the best composition ratios being pH 7:pH 1 (3:2 ≈ pH 1.7) and pH 12:pH 13 (1:4 ≈ pH 12.6). The composition of this mixture was applied to the DSSC resulting in an efficiency of 0.096 and 0.147%, respectively.
Bioanalytical Method Validation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Human Plasma by HPLC-UV for Preliminary Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Study Dimas Adhi Pradana; Erna Kristin; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Mustofa Mustofa; Ari Wibowo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77903

Abstract

This study aims to validate the method for measuring metformin hydrochloride plasma concentrations using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This research performed chromatography on a 250 mm 4.6 mm 5 µm purosphere® Star RP-18 column at ambient temperature with a UV detector system at 233 nm. The mobile phase components were 70% phosphate buffer (KH2PO4) (10 mM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.3 mM), and 30% acetonitrile. It was pumped at an isocratic flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Metformin HCl and ranitidine HCl (internal standard) were extracted using acetonitrile. The calibration curve was linear (R2 = 0.9998) in the 0.18–6 µg/mL concentration range. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.18 µg/mL. For intraday accuracy and precision, the percent difference and the coefficient of variation were less than 4 and 7%, and for inter-day were lower than 8 and 6%. The recovery average was 100.96%. The short-term plasma stability test was stable at 24 h at ambient temperature, and the long-term stability test was steady for 30 d at −20 °C. It was also stable after three freeze-thaw cycles. The method meets selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, carryover, and stability requirements and can be applied to population-based pharmacokinetic modeling.
Identification of Volatile Compounds of Oil Palm Flower (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Based on the Difference in Time Fizrul Indra Lubis; Sudarjat Sudarjat; Ichsan Nurul Bari; Unang Supratman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78682

Abstract

The pollination process in oil palm is assisted by the insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus, which occurs when male and female flowers bloom producing volatile compounds that act as attractants. This study aims to identify volatile compounds in oil palm flowers based on differences in times with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The research steps include determining the time of the release of volatile compounds in oil palm flowers, extracted using steam distillation, and identification by GC-MS. There are different times of the release of volatile compounds for each type of oil palm flower. Three times by male flowers, at 08:00 am, 11:00 am and 14:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 14:00 pm. Meanwhile, female flowers occurred at 09:00 am, 12:00 am and 15:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 12:00 am. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that 21 and 19 volatile compounds were identified, with a total of 38 different types. Estragole compounds were dominant in both types of flowers and did not show significant differences in the area sum values at each time of observation. These results indicated the importance of estragole compound for the pollination process in oil palm.
Triterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Aglaia cucullata (Meliaceae) and Their Cytotoxic Activity against A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line Desi Harneti; Iqbal Wahyu Mustaqim; Darwati Darwati; Al Arofatus Naini; Purnama Purnama; Erina Hilmayanti; Tri Mayanti; Nurlelasari Nurlelasari; Shabarni Gaffar; Rani Maharani; Kindi Farabi; Unang Supratman; Sofa Fajriah; Mohamad Nurul Azmi; Yoshihito Shiono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78748

Abstract

The Aglaia species, which contains triterpenoids, is the most numerous in the Meliaceae family. The A. cucullata species, of which there are only a few known examples, has received scant research attention. This investigation aims to identify triterpenoids in an n-hexane preparation of A. cucullata stem bark and evaluate their effects against the A549 lung cancer cell line. Five dammarane-type triterpenoids were isolated from the A. cucullata trunk bark, which is (1) (20S)-20-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-one, (2) cabraleone, (3) cabralealactone, (4) eichlerianic acid, and (5) (+)-fouquierol. Their chemical structures were determined using infrared, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as through data comparison of the reported compounds. Compound 1 was priorly separated from the Aglaia genus, compounds 2–4 were first isolated from the A. cucullata species, and compound 5 has been reportedly isolated from the Meliaceae family and the Aglaia genus. All substances were tested for their lethal potential against the A549 lung cancer cell type. A seco structure in the A ring of dammarane-type triterpenoid might play an important part in the lethal activity of component 4, which showed the greatest activity with an IC50 value of 32.17 µM against the A549 lung cancer cell line.
Effect of Addition of NaCl Salt on Extraction of Essential Oil from Lemongrass Leaves by Microwave Hydro-Distillation Method Fenni Suryanti; Lailatul Qadariyah; Mahfud Mahfud
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78919

Abstract

Essential oils are compounds extracted from plants and obtained by distillation. Indonesia has many kinds of plant commodities for essential oil production. Among the essential oils that have not been developed in Indonesia is citronella oil which can be extracted from the lemongrass plant this research, we develop Microwave Hydro-Distillation (MHD) method has several advantages over conventional distillation methods: shorter time, higher oil quality and yield. This research proposes to extract citronella oil from lemongrass leaves using the MHD method using aquadest and NaCl solution addition. Operating variables are extraction time (20–180 min), material size (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm), feed-to-solvent ratio (0.1; 0.15; and 0.2 g/mL), and microwave power (300, 450, and 600 watts). The essential oil results are analyzed by GC-MS analysis, specific gravity, refractive index, and solubility. The results showed that it increased with extraction time followed by almost constant conditions, tended to decrease with increasing feed-to-solvent ratio, and increased yield with increasing microwave power. The results from the GC-MS analysis, the active substance content of geraniol was 46.61% and citronellal 5.62%. Additional salt in this method is a green and clean essential oil extraction.
Impregnation of Fe3+ into MCM-41 Pores: Effect of Fe3+ Concentration on the Weight Percent of Fe-Frameworks and Fe-Non-Frameworks Suyanta Suyanta; Agus Kuncaka; Mudasir Mudasir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.79468

Abstract

Silica from rice husks (RH) has been used as a starting ingredient in the sonication synthesis of MCM-41 (RH-MCM-41). The impregnation of Fe3+ into RH-MCM-41 pores to produce RH-MCM-41 containing Fe2O3 and Fe (denoted as Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41) was carried out by examining the effect of various Fe3+ concentrations on the weight percent of Fe-frameworks (Fe3+ that replaces Si4+ in silicate frameworks) and Fe-non-frameworks, i.e., the iron oxide formed outside the silicate frameworks. Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41 was washed with a 0.01 M HCl solution to remove Fe-non-frameworks from the materials and give Fe-RH-MCM-41 containing Fe-frameworks. The Fe content in Fe2O3-Fe-RH-MCM-41 (Fe-total) and Fe-RH-MCM-41 (Fe-frameworks) for each sample was determined by an AAS (atomic absorption spectrometer), whereas the content of Fe-non-frameworks was calculated from the difference between Fe-total and Fe-frameworks. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm profile, as well as the TEM (transmission electron microscope) image clearly demonstrate that the RH-MCM-41 exhibits an ordered p6mm hexagonal mesostructure with a large specific surface area and uniform pore size. Based on the weight percents of Fe-frameworks found in each sample, it is clear that the content of Fe-non-frameworks is significantly enhanced compared to that of Fe-frameworks when the more concentrated Fe3+ is used.
Basis Set Effects on the Stabilities and Interaction Energies of Small Amide Molecules Adsorbed on Kaolinite Surface Najwa-Alyani Mohd Nabil; Lee Sin Ang; Shukri Sulaiman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.79795

Abstract

Adsorptions of small amide molecules, acetamide (AA) and N-methyl-acetamide (NMA) on the surface of kaolinite are investigated in this study. The focus is on the basis set effects towards the stabilities and the interaction energies of the molecules on the Al–O surface. With a fixed B3LYP functional, we increased the size of the basis sets for the single-point calculations, to find the converged interaction energies and obtain the relative stabilities. We found that, under the direct usage of Pople-type and Dunning’s correlation consistent basis sets, it is not possible to achieve the pattern of convergence for the interaction energies and the relative stabilities. Compared to the complete basis set (CBS) extrapolation scheme, the double zeta basis sets deviated the most, in the range of 21 to 27%, while it is from 1 to 7% for the triple zeta basis sets. Based on the results, we suggest using 6-311++G(2df,2pd) or cc-pVQZ for energy-related quantities. Compared to AA, NMA attached more strongly by 0.5 eV on the surface of Al–O.
Modifications of Poly(lactic Acid) with Blends and Plasticization for Tenacity and Toughness Improvement Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah; Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad; Erna Normaya Abdullah; Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.80830

Abstract

This review focuses on the modification of the inherent brittleness of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to increase its toughness, as well as recent advances in this field. The most often utilized toughening methods are melt blending, plasticization, and rubber toughening. The process of selecting a toughening scheme is still difficult, although it directly affects the blend's mechanical properties. There has been a lot of development, but there is still a long way to go before we get easily processable, totally bio-based, 100% biodegradable PLA. The blends of PLA with other polymers, such as plasticizers or rubber, are often incompatible with one another, which causes the blend's individual components to behave in a manner consistent with phase separation. Polymer blending has been shown to be particularly effective in attaining high-impact strength. This review addresses the recent progress in improving the toughened PLA to gain properties necessary for the material's future engineering applications. As 3D and 4D printing becomes more accessible, PLA characteristics may be modified and treated utilizing more sophisticated production techniques.

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