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Raymond Pranata
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Editorial Office: Heart House, Jalan Katalia Raya No. 5, Kota Bambu Utara West Jakarta, 11430 - Indonesia Telephone: +62 21 5681149, Fax: +62 21 5684220 Email: ijc@inaheart.org
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cardiology
Published by Indonesian Heart Association
ISSN : 28303105     EISSN : 29647304     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Cardiology (IJC) is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal established by Indonesian Heart Association (IHA)/Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia (PERKI) [www.inaheart.org] on the year 1979. This journal is published to meet the needs of physicians and other health professionals for scientific articles in the cardiovascular field. All articles (research, case report, review article, and others) should be original and has never been published in any magazine/journal. Prior to publication, every manuscript will be subjected to double-blind review by peer-reviewers. We consider articles on all aspects of the cardiovascular system including clinical, translational, epidemiological, and basic studies. Subjects suitable for publication include but are not limited to the following fields: Acute Cardiovascular Care Arrhythmia / Cardiac Electrophysiology Cardiovascular Imaging Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Cardiovascular Public Health Policy Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Cardiovascular Research General Cardiology Heart Failure Hypertension Interventional Cardiology Pediatric Cardiology Preventive Cardiology Vascular Medicine
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Articles 753 Documents
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Research InaHRS InaHRS
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 47 No Suppl_A (2026): Abstracts of the 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rh
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.2124

Abstract

Abstracts of the 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rhythm Society (InaHRS) 2025: Research
Review InaHRS InaHRS
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 47 No Suppl_A (2026): Abstracts of the 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rh
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.2125

Abstract

Abstracts of the 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rhythm Society (InaHRS) 2025: Reviews
Case Report InaHRS InaHRS
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 47 No Suppl_A (2026): Abstracts of the 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rh
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.2126

Abstract

Abstracts of the 12th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rhythm Society (InaHRS) 2025: Case Report
The Difference Value of Global Pulse Wave Velocity between Type 2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome Fadma Yuliani; Eka Fithra Elfi; Yose Ramda Ilhami; Hirowati Ali
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Online First
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1667

Abstract

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains a major health issue in Indonesia. CHD could lead to myocardial infarction and sudden death, highlighting the necessity for cardiovascular examination and appropriate management to prevent increased morbidity and mortality rates. One non-invasive method for assessing CHD was measuring arterial stiffness using Global Pulse Wave Velocity (PWVg). This study aimed to assess the difference in PWVg among patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) with or without Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to evaluate the difference in PWVg values among CCS patients with or without T2DM. The study used data from medical records and elective coronary angiography at the Dr. M. Djamil Teaching Hospital’s cardiac catheterization laboratory, where PWVg was measured by Doppler echocardiography examination of CCS patients from April 2023 to 2024. Normality testing using the Shapiro-Wilk test was performed before analyzing all numerical data, followed by independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests to determine intergroup differences. Results: The study comprised 36 CCS patients, with 18 samples per group (with and without T2DM). In this study, males were more prevalent in the CCS group without T2DM, smoking risk factors were more commonly found in the CCS group without T2DM, higher Random Blood Glucose (RBG) was found in the CCS group with T2DM, and higher Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) values were observed in the CCS group without T2DM. Based on statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in PWVg values between the CCS group with T2DM and the group without T2DM (8.3 + 0.7 m/s vs. 7.7 + 0.5 m/s, p=0.009). Conclusion: T2DM results in higher PWVg values compared to those without T2DM among patients with CCS.
Acute Bilateral Limb Ischemia in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: An Often Overlooked Complication Muthia Syarifa Yani; Hary Sakti Muliawan
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 47 No 2 (2026): April - June, 2026
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1811

Abstract

Background: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy is a specific subset of systolic heart failure with potentially devastating complications. Thromboembolism, as one of the complications, requires a careful evaluation to assess risk and guide management. This case report of acute limb ischemia complicating peripartum cardiomyopathy is an example of how to deal with thromboembolism in PPCM. Case Illustration: A 42-year-old woman came to our center with a classic presentation of acute heart failure; dyspnea on effort, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and orthopnea. These complaints started 4 months ago, just three weeks after her second childbirth. She had not taken medications diligently. Rales were heard on both lungs, with elevated jugular pressure and pitting edema on the extremities. Echocardiography revealed a dilated heart and reduced LVEF of 23%. She was diagnosed with PPCM and treated accordingly. On the first night in hospital, she felt sudden pain and paresthesia in her right foot. Distal pulse was weakly palpated, and there was hypoesthesia in the toes. Duplex ultrasound found fresh thrombi in bilateral popliteal arteries. Diagnosis of acute limb ischemia was confirmed, warranting the use of anticoagulants aside from her existing heart failure medications. Symptoms continued to improve until discharge. Conclusion: A case of a 42-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with PPCM suffering from an acute thromboembolic episode was reported. Risk assessment is essential to predict the occurrence of future thromboembolism and therefore take necessary prevention before they happen. Different anticoagulants are indicated for different PPCM patient profiles, and careful consideration regarding their safety profile for this particular population is needed.
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia in a 9-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report with Therapeutic Insights Diego Chemello; Camila Sales Fagundes; Patricia Chagas; Leticia Hadlich Correa de Barros; Patricia Rodrigues Lemos Cardoso
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Online First
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1889

Abstract

Background: Supraventricular tachycardia is the most common arrhythmia in infants, with an estimated prevalence between 1/250 and 1/1000. Multifocal Atrial tTachycardia (MAT), a rare subtype accounting for less than 1% of supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children, is characterized by multiple atrial foci, variable P-wave morphologies, and irregular ventricular response. When incessant, MAT may lead to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. This report describes a 9-month-old infant with MAT and left ventricular dysfunction, emphasizing diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies Case Illustration: A previously healthy 9-month-old female infant presented for urgent evaluation due to progressive dyspnea and tiredness during breastfeeding, which had begun approximately two months earlier and worsened in the last two weeks. Her mother noted perioral cyanosis during crying and feeding. On examination, she was tachypneic (60 breaths/min), tachycardic (180 bpm), and mildly dehydrated. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated left ventricle with moderate systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 35%). A 12-lead electrocardiogram demonstrated multifocal atrial tachycardia with at least three distinct P-wave morphologies and irregular R-R intervals, and Holter monitoring confirmed an incessant pattern (>30% of the day). Three synchronized direct current cardioversion attempts (0.5, 1.0, and 1.23 J/kg) failed to restore sinus rhythm. Intravenous amiodarone was initiated (loading dose 5 mg/kg over 1 hour, followed by 10 mcg/kg/min), later transitioned to oral therapy (5 mg/kg/day). Within 48 hours, sinus rhythm was restored, heart failure symptoms resolved, and follow-up echocardiography showed improved ejection fraction (55%). Propranolol (1 mg/kg/day) and digoxin (5 mcg/kg/day) were added for rate control. The patient was discharged asymptomatic after one week, with no relapse at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: MAT is a rare cause of supraventricular tachycardia in infants and may be present with congestive heart failure due to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Incessant forms are typically defined by an arrhythmia burden greater than 30% of the day on Holter monitoring. Failure of direct current cardioversion is a hallmark of MAT, reinforcing the role of pharmacological management. Early recognition and rate and rhythm control with agents such as amiodarone, propranolol, and digoxin can lead to rapid recovery of left ventricular function and an excellent prognosis in infants without structural heart disease.
Aerobic Exercise Only or in Combination with Resistance Exercise Provides a Significant Reduction in Blood Pressure: A Narrative Review Winda Nurhamda; Arnengsih Nazir; Tertianto Prabowo
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Online First
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1891

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global health concern and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While pharmacological therapy remains central, lifestyle interventions, particularly Aerobic Exercise (AE), offer a cost-effective, safe, and sustainable strategy for reducing Blood Pressure (BP) and improving cardiovascular health. Evidence indicates AE consistently lowers Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) more than Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), with clinically meaningful reductions in both. This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the effects of AE, alone or combined with Resistance Training (RT) or dietary interventions, on BP in individuals with hypertension, elucidate underlying mechanisms, identify moderating factors, and evaluate safety considerations. A narrative review of English-language articles published from 2015 to 2025 was conducted via PubMed, including original and review studies, as well as selected textbooks. Keywords included “aerobic exercise”, “exercise”, “hypertension”, “blood pressure”, “coronary artery disease”, and “cardiovascular disease”. Eligible studies were synthesized into themes reflecting acute and chronic exercise responses, combination interventions, mechanistic pathways, influencing factors, and safety. Thirty-four publications (26 original articles, 6 reviews, 2 textbooks) were included. AE alone or combined with RT consistently reduced SBP, with smaller reductions in DBP, whereas the combination with a hypocaloric diet primarily enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. Mechanisms include improved endothelial function, autonomic regulation, metabolic efficiency, and anti-inflammatory effects. Effect size was influenced by age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), medication use, exercise timing, and vascular stiffness. Safety data indicated high tolerability, minimal adverse events, and strong adherence. AE is a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention for hypertension, producing clinically significant BP reductions, particularly in SBP. Combining AE with RT or dietary modification offers additional cardiometabolic benefits. These findings reinforce AE as a cornerstone of hypertension management and support its integration into routine clinical practice.
Hubungan antara Kadar LDL dan Insidensi Gagal Jantung pada Pasien dengan Infark Miokard Akut: Studi Observasional Ghossan Faisol; Sofina Kusnadi; Joriandhita Surya Ramadhan; Erdiansyah Zulyadaini
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 47 No 2 (2026): April - June, 2026
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1893

Abstract

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. A serious complication that can arise from AMI is heart failure, which can significantly worsen the patient’s prognosis. LowDensity Lipoprotein (LDL) is recognized as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AMI. This study aims to determine whether there is an association between LDL levels and the incidence of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This observational study used medical records from Purwokerto Islamic Hospital (January 2022-December 2024) relating to patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, regardless of the presence of heart failure. LDL levels were categorized as optimal or non-optimal using a cut-off level of 100 mg/dL. Bivariate analysis was performed using RStudio, while baseline characteristics that were classified by the presence or absence of heart failure status were examined with SPSS software platform. Results: Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant association between LDL levels and the incidence of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction at Islamic Hospital Purwokerto, with a p-value of 3.52e-10/ < 0.05. Conclusion: Higher LDL levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of heart failure in AMI patients, highlighting the importance of LDL control. Further studies should consider additional factors like infarct size, myocardial injury, hypertension, diabetes, ejection fraction, and the role of inflammation for a more comprehensive risk assessment.
Closer Insight through Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling Perspective of Late-recognized Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in The Presence of a Predictor of Non-Recovery: Case Report Mochamad Rizky Hendiperdana
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Vol 47 No 2 (2026): April - June, 2026
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1902

Abstract

Background: Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is ventricular systolic dysfunction that develops in the last months of pregnancy to several months postpartum. Emerging evidence suggests that PPCM may develop up to 1 year after delivery. This condition is associated with several predictors of non-recovery. Case Illustration: A 39-year-old woman was admitted with heart failure syndrome. The patient had late-recognized PPCM after an 18-month postpartum period. Echocardiography showed Left Ventricular (LV) dilation and severely reduced Ejection Fraction (EF). The predictor of non-recovery is also present in this case. However, after 5 months of administered Guideline-Directed Medical Treatment (GDMT), the patient developed structural and complete functional reverse remodeling. During the follow-up period, we observed significant improvement in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) from 23 % to 57 %, Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) from –5.2 % to –17.5 %, Left Atrial Strain (LAS)-reservoir from 8 % to 31 %, and global work index (GWI) from 516 mmHg % to 1702 mmHg % from myocardial work index analysis. Conclusions: Several factors have been identified as predictors of non-recovery in PPCM in previous studies, including LVEF <30%, LV dilation, and severe valvular regurgitation. The current scoring system for PPCM recovery, developed by ESC EORP, also predicts 6-month recovery. There was significant improvement in surrogate markers for myocardial systolic function despite of the presence of late-recognized predictors of non-recovery in this case. Hemodynamic phenotype, rather than a single marker measurement, is emerging as a key factor in PPCM prognostication.
Serum Endothelin-1 Level >2.0 pg/mL associates with High-Risk Duke Treadmill Score among Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients Muhammad Sarwansyah Putra; Irsad Andi Arso; Ira Puspitawati; Anggoro Budi Hartopo
Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia Online First
Publisher : The Indonesian Heart Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30701/ijc.1907

Abstract

Background: Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) contributes to morbidity and increased risk of acute coronary syndrome within 5 years. Duke Treadmill Score (DTS) is the most robust risk stratification based on cardiac exercise stress test, which predicts 5-year survival. Those with high-risk DTS (DTS ≤11) had the least favorable survival. Endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, affects the 5-year survival in CCS. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum endothelin-1 level and DTS risk stratification among Indonesian patients with CCS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited consecutive patients with CCS after Coronary Angiography (CAG). The DTS data were collected from the previous Treadmill Test (TMT) and were classified into high-risk DTS (DTS ≤-11) and low-moderate-risk DTS (DTS >-11). A serum sample for measuring endothelin-1 was withdrawn during CAG and used in the ELISA protocol. A high endothelin-1 level was defined as > 2.0 pg/mL. An association between variables was assessed using statistical analysis (significance at p < 0.05). Results: Eighty subjects were enrolled. Median time interval of TMT and endothelin-1 measurement was 30 days. Mean age was 58.48±8.73 years old, with males predominant (82.5%). Hypertension (71.3%) and previous Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) (52.5%) were dominant. The proportion of subjects with high-risk DTS was 52.5%. Median endothelin-1 level was 1.8 pg/mL (range: 0.4 - 6.8 pg/mL). Serum endothelin-1 level > 2.0 pg/mL was observed in 34 subjects (42.5%), of whom 23 (67.6%) had high-risk DTS. There was a significantly increased risk of high-risk DTS in subjects with serum endothelin-1 >2.0 pg/mL (OR 2.97; 95% CI 1.18-7.51; p=0.020). Based on bivariate analysis, two variables, namely hypertension (p=0.052) and history of ACS (p=0.036), were also significantly associated with high-risk DTS. In multivariate analysis, endothelin-1 level >2.0 pg/mL had an adjusted OR of 1.75 (95% CI: 0.60-5.13, p=0.305), indicating no statistically significant independent association with high-risk DTS. Hypertension and a history of ACS had an independent and significant association with high-risk DTS. Conclusion: Among CCS patients, serum endothelin-1 level > 2.0 pg/mL was associated with high-risk DTS from TMT examination. However, this association was not independent, as in hypertension and history of ACS.

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