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INDONESIA
JOURNAL SPORT AREA
Published by Universitas Islam Riau
ISSN : 2527760X     EISSN : 2528584X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Other
Sport Area publishes research journals and critical analysis studies in the areas of Sport Education, Sports Coaching and Sports Science. The theme of the paper covers: Learning Physical Education and Sport, Sport Pedagogy, Sports Sociology, Sport Psychology, Sports Coaching, Sports Science, Sports Management, Sports Biomechanics, Health Sports, Sports Philosophy, Sports Industry, and Sports Physiology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 482 Documents
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How do block training and circuit training affect physical fitness? A comparative study of futsal athletes
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).19979

Abstract

Background: Physical fitness is a fundamental component of performance in futsal, a sport that demands high levels of stamina, strength, and endurance. Despite the abundance of training programs available, few have been systematically tested for their effectiveness in enhancing fitness among futsal athletes. Research Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of block training and circuit training in improving physical fitness among male futsal athletes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest structure was employed. Twenty male futsal athletes from Universitas PGRI Pontianak were selected through purposive sampling and divided equally into a block training group and a circuit training group. Both groups underwent 12 training sessions over four weeks, each performed at full intensity (100% 1RM) using 10 fitness stations, including leg press, bench press, and sit-ups. Physical fitness was assessed using the Cooper test. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests, with normality confirmed through the Shapiro-Wilk test. Finding/Results: Both training methods significantly improved the athletes’ physical fitness levels (p < 0.05). Although circuit training yielded slightly better average improvements than block training, the difference between the two was not statistically significant (p = 0.385). Conclusion: Both block and circuit training are effective in enhancing the physical fitness of futsal athletes. While circuit training may offer slight advantages in practical implementation, the absence of a statistically significant difference suggests that both methods can be applied flexibly based on training goals and athlete preferences. Future research should explore comparisons with other conditioning methods, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or plyometrics, to identify the most optimal training strategy.
The role of emotional regulation in predicting psychological well-being among physical education teachers
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(1).20023

Abstract

Background: Physical education teachers play an important role in instilling an active lifestyle and social values. In relation to this important role, teachers need to have good emotional regulation and psychological well-being to support their teaching. There is a need for research that examines the involvement of emotional regulation in shaping the psychological well-being of physical education teachers. Research Objectives: The purpose of this research is to predict the role of emotion regulation on the psychological well-being of physical education teachers. Methods: Quantitative research was chosen as the research method with data processed using simple regression analysis. Research data were obtained from physical education teachers who are undergoing pre-service teacher training at a higher education institution. The questionnaire obtained data from 74 respondents and was processed on SPSS 26.0.0. Finding and Results: Based on the findings, it was discovered that emotional regulation negatively predicts psychological well-being. The meaning of these results is that the higher the emotional regulation, the lower the psychological well-being of physical education teachers. Conclusion: It is concluded that the negative coefficient of emotion regulation is able to predict the psychological well-being of physical education teachers. These findings differ from several previous studies. The results of this study, on the other hand, are also able to contribute to relevant parties by providing emotion regulation training strategies to enhance psychological well-being. In addition, the new findings recommend to other researchers to explore what types of emotion regulation strategies may lead to a decline in psychological well-being.
Association between peak height velocity (PHV), speed, and agility in pencak silat athletes
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).20767

Abstract

Background: Peak height velocity (PHV) is a key indicator of biological maturity in youth athletes, strongly influencing neuromuscular development and physical performance. While PHV has been widely studied in sports science, its association with speed and agility in pencak silat—an Indonesian martial art that relies heavily on explosive movements and motor coordination—remains underexplored. Research Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between PHV, speed, and agility in young pencak silat athletes and to discuss implications for maturity-based training programs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 athletes (21 males, 32 females; aged 11–15 years) from the Al Ghozaliyah Pencak Silat Training Center. PHV was estimated using the Mirwald equation from anthropometric measurements. Speed was assessed via a 20 m sprint test, and agility using the Illinois Agility Test. Pearson correlation and independent t-tests were performed to analyze associations and sex-based differences. Finding/Results: PHV showed a significant negative correlation with agility (r = –0.356, p = 0.009) and sprint speed (r = –0.341, p = 0.013), indicating that athletes past PHV performed better. A strong positive correlation was also found between agility and speed (r = 0.509, p < 0.001). Male athletes demonstrated superior sprint performance (p = 0.021), while females recorded slower agility times (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Biological maturity, as reflected by PHV, plays a significant role in shaping speed and agility in young pencak silat athletes. Training programs should therefore be individualized based on maturation status rather than chronological age, with emphasis on neuromuscular development during and after PHV to maximize performance potential and reduce injury risk. Future research should employ longitudinal designs with larger, multi-center samples and explore PHV’s influence on technical–tactical performance and the potential role of bio-banding in martial arts competitions.
Nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among Indonesian professional weightlifters: Implications for performance and policy
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).21131

Abstract

Background: In weight-class sports like weightlifting, dietary habits and nutrition knowledge are critical to optimizing body composition and performance. Despite the importance of these factors, limited research has explored the nutritional behaviors and knowledge of elite Indonesian weightlifters. This study addresses that gap by evaluating both dimensions in a professional athletic context. Research Objectives: This study aims to examine the levels of nutritional knowledge and dietary intake among Indonesian professional weightlifters, with the goal of providing recommendations to enhance Indonesia's achievements in the sport. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 24 national-level Indonesian weightlifters with at least four years of competitive experience. Participants completed a validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire and a 7-day dietary recall. Data were analyzed using SPSS to determine average intake values and knowledge scores. Findings/Results: Findings revealed that none of the athletes met the recommended dietary intake across all major nutrient categories. Protein intake was the closest to adequacy, while energy, carbohydrate, calcium, and fiber intake were below standard recommendations. Additionally, athletes showed low levels of nutritional knowledge in all assessed areas. Conclusion: Both nutritional knowledge and dietary intake among Indonesian professional weightlifters are inadequate and may hinder optimal performance and recovery. This highlights the urgent need for targeted nutrition education and individualized dietary planning. Future interventions should also consider psychosocial and environmental factors such as food access, cultural influences, time constraints, and social support to ensure sustainable improvements in athletes’ eating behaviors.
Identifying performance patterns in professional mixed martial arts: An exploratory data approach
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).21233

Abstract

Background: Mixed martial arts (MMA) performance depends on the interaction of physical, technical, and tactical factors. While prior studies often examined these elements separately, few have analyzed how physical attributes relate to performance metrics in an integrated framework. This gap, in contrast to the growing use of analytics in other sports, limits data-driven insights for optimizing UFC training and strategy. Research Objectives: This study aimed to investigate performance patterns among UFC fighters using Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), with a focus on the relationships between physical characteristics and technical performance indicators. Methods: A dataset of 4,111 UFC fighters was analyzed across 18 variables, encompassing physical attributes (e.g., height, weight, reach) and performance metrics (e.g., striking accuracy, takedown success, submission attempts). EDA techniques, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and data visualization, were applied to identify patterns and summarize key characteristics. Finding/Results: Takedown accuracy and takedown defense were moderately correlated, suggesting an interdependence between offensive and defensive grappling skills. However, most associations between physical traits and performance outcomes, such as height and total wins, were weak, indicating that physical attributes alone are insufficient to predict success. Observations on stance effectiveness and standout fighters offered illustrative but non-generalizable insights. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of EDA as a foundational tool for uncovering patterns in MMA performance. While limited in inferential scope, the findings provide preliminary guidance for coaches and analysts to design evidence-based training strategies. Future research should integrate psychological, contextual, and opponent-based data to develop more comprehensive predictive models for combat sports performance.
Effect of locally formulated recovery drink on perfomance and muscle soreness in adolescent soccer players
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).21446

Abstract

Background: Adequate post-exercise nutrition is critical for recovery and performance, especially among adolescent athletes undergoing growth and development. However, research on locally formulated and culturally relevant recovery drinks for Indonesian youth remains scarce. This study addresses that gap by testing a novel recovery drink using familiar local ingredients. Research Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of consuming a healthy recovery drink made from low-fat milk, banana, cocoa powder, and gulo puan on muscular strength, muscular endurance, VO2 max, and muscle soreness in adolescent soccer athletes. Methods: A randomized pretest-posttest control group design was conducted with 16 adolescent soccer players (aged 15-18) from Sriwijaya State Sport School, Palembang, over a 5-day intervention. Performance indicators included handgrip strength (dynamometer), vertical jump, muscular endurance (Muscular Fitness Test), VO2 max (multistage fitness test), and muscle soreness (visual analog scale). Finding/Results: The results showed that the consumption of the healthy recovery drink significantly improved handgrip strength, vertical jump performance, and muscular endurance in the intervention group. The reduction in upper body muscle soreness post-exercise was also greater in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The recovery drink formulated in this study has the potential to serve as an effective nutritional alternative for adolescent football athletes in the post-training recovery phase to enhance athletic performance by promoting energy replenishment and muscle regeneration. The short duration of the study and limited sample size may have restricted the ability to detect long-term effects, particularly on aerobic performance. Future research with larger samples and extended intervention period is recommended.
Supporting post-exercise recovery in adolescent soccer players: A study of a locally formulated recovery drink
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).21589

Abstract

Background: Adolescent athletes are prone to exercise-induced fatigue, making effective recovery strategies essential. Although carbohydrate–protein beverages support recovery, most studies focus on commercial products, while the potential of local ingredients such as pisang raja and gulo puan in Indonesia remains underexplored. Research Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of a homemade recovery drink (HRD) formulated from low-fat milk, cocoa powder, pisang raja, and gulo puan on the physical recovery of adolescent soccer athletes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted with student-athletes (aged 15–17 years) from Sekolah Olahraga Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang, divided into a control group (placebo, n = 10) and an intervention group (HRD, n = 10). The intervention was administered in a single-blind manner, with two doses provided during a 2-hour recovery window. Data collected included blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose. Finding/Results: The results showed no significant differences in blood pressure between the HRD and placebo groups (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in post-recovery heart rate and blood glucose levels (p < 0.05). The HRD group showed significantly higher post-recovery blood glucose levels (95 ± 5.77 vs. 88.5 ± 6.49 mg/dL, p = 0.022), and heart rate in this group returned closer to baseline compared to the placebo. Conclusion: The findings suggest that an HRD formulated from culturally relevant, locally sourced ingredients can effectively support post-exercise recovery in adolescent athletes by maintaining cardiovascular stability and blood glucose levels. This study highlights the potential of traditional Indonesian foods as affordable, accessible alternatives to commercial recovery products.
Cardiovascular responses to high-intensity exercise: A systematic literature review comparing trained and untrained individuals
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).21721

Abstract

Background: High-intensity exercise induces distinct cardiovascular responses, but systematic comparisons between trained and untrained individuals remain limited. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compare cardiovascular responses to HIIT specifically heart rate, blood pressure, and blood lactate levels and to identify factors influencing these differences. Methods: A systematic literature review following the PRISMA framework was conducted for this study. The initial search on the Scopus database using keywords such as “High-Intensity Exercise,” “Cardiac Output,” “Trained,” and “Untrained” yielded 380 articles. After a rigorous screening process, which applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria including the requirement that articles be published in Q1-Q4 ranked journals between 2014 and 2024 a final set of 10 primary articles was selected for in-depth analysis. Findings/Results: High Intensity Interval Training effectively improves cardiovascular function in both trained and untrained individuals. Significant increases in cardiac output and VO₂ max are observed, particularly in trained cyclists. While untrained individuals also benefit, superior cardiovascular adaptations are seen in those who are trained. Furthermore, HIIT is proven to be safe; it does not increase the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction and even has a cardioprotective effect, demonstrated by an increase in cardiac ejection fraction. Conclusion: This review provides the first systematic synthesis comparing cardiovascular responses to high-intensity exercise between trained and untrained individuals. The findings highlight the importance of training status in exercise prescription and offer practical insights for coaches and health practitioners in optimizing high-intensity training programs.
Enhancing archery-specific physical fitness: A controlled trial on the effects of medicine ball load variations
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).21815

Abstract

Background: Precision sports like archery require high levels of balance and upper limb muscular endurance to maintain bow stability and aiming accuracy. While general strength training is often applied, research specifically investigating targeted physical conditioning methods—such as medicine ball load variations tailored for archers—is still limited. Research Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of medicine ball training on balance and upper limb muscular endurance among collegiate archery athletes. Methods: A total thirty university-level archers voluntarily participated and were randomly divided into three groups: a 3 kg medicine ball training group (MTG), a 4 kg medicine ball training group (MFG), and a control group (CAG), each consisting of 10 participants. A pretest and posttest true experimental design was applied over eight weeks of training. Finding/Results: Both MTG and MFG groups showed significant improvements in balance and upper limb muscular endurance (p < 0.05), while the control group showed no significant changes. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two experimental groups, indicating that both 3 kg and 4 kg medicine ball loads were similarly effective. Conclusion: Medicine ball training—regardless of moderate load variation—is effective in enhancing archery-relevant physical fitness, particularly balance and muscular endurance. These findings support the integration of medicine ball exercises into archery training programs as a practical and evidence-based strategy. Future studies should examine load progression, gender-specific responses, and long-term performance outcomes.
Associations between body composition, macronutrient intake, and physical fitness in adolescent swimmers
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).21886

Abstract

Background: Physical fitness plays a key role in the performance of adolescent swimmers. However, gaps remain in understanding how body composition and macronutrient intake jointly influence fitness when accounting for individual variability. Research Objectives: This study examines the correlation between macronutrients and body composition with physical fitness in adolescent swimming athletes from Bojonegoro. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 41 adolescent swimmers. Macronutrient intake was assessed using a Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), body composition via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and physical fitness through the Multistage Fitness Test. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate associations, adjusting for age, sex, weight, and height. Findings/Results: Physical fitness was positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass and intake of carbohydrates, protein, and fat (p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with total body fat. Demographic variables (age, sex, height) explained 42.7% of physical fitness variability (adjusted R² = 0.427, p < 0.001). Including exercise activities, body composition, and nutrient variables increased R² to 0.597, but the full model was not statistically significant (adjusted R² = 0.404, p = 0.803). Conclusion: Body composition and macronutrient intake are associated with physical fitness, but demographic factors remain the strongest predictors. Individualized training and dietary strategies may support performance optimization in adolescent athletes. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs are recommended to confirm and extend these findings.

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