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INDONESIA
JOURNAL SPORT AREA
Published by Universitas Islam Riau
ISSN : 2527760X     EISSN : 2528584X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Other
Sport Area publishes research journals and critical analysis studies in the areas of Sport Education, Sports Coaching and Sports Science. The theme of the paper covers: Learning Physical Education and Sport, Sport Pedagogy, Sports Sociology, Sport Psychology, Sports Coaching, Sports Science, Sports Management, Sports Biomechanics, Health Sports, Sports Philosophy, Sports Industry, and Sports Physiology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 482 Documents
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Developing sports tourism based on local wisdom in Gorontalo: Potentials, challenges, and strategic directions
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).22110

Abstract

Background: Sports tourism based on local wisdom offers an alternative approach to tourism development that strengthens cultural identity and enhances destination uniqueness. However, research that explicitly integrates sports tourism with local wisdom—particularly in Gorontalo—remains limited, creating a gap in understanding how traditional cultural practices can be incorporated into sports tourism strategies. Objectives: This study aims to examine the potential benefits and challenges of developing sports tourism grounded in local wisdom. Methods: An exploratory qualitative approach was employed, in-depth interviews were conducted with a number of informants (n = 18), observations, documentation reviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with three key stakeholder groups: local communities, local government institutions, and tourism industry actors. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman and validated through source and methodological triangulation. Findings/Results: Qualitative findings reveal that Gorontalo people continue to preserve cultural traditions such as bowling balls, boat racing, and lumense dance which is the main attraction of sports tourism. The region's strengths include its rich cultural heritage, natural resources suitable for outdoor sports, and active community participation. However, development is hindered by limited infrastructure, weak promotional efforts, and insufficient financial support. Conclusion: Strategic development requires cross-sector collaboration, strengthened community capacity, and innovation in sports-tourism products rooted in local wisdom. Practically, these insights can guide the creation of inclusive and sustainable tourism initiatives that leverage Gorontalo’s cultural and natural assets.
Physical fitness and anthropometric correlates of 500 m rowing performance in Indonesian athletes
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).22416

Abstract

Background: Rowing performance is shaped by athletes’ physical fitness and anthropometric characteristics, yet evidence from Indonesian rowing populations remains scarce. This gap is critical as declining performance in Kendari highlights the need to identify key predictors of 500 m rowing performance to inform more targeted, evidence-based training programs. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical ability, anthropometric characteristics, and 500 m rowing performance among male national rowing athletes at PPLP Kendari. Methods: A correlational quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. Thirty-nine male athletes aged 15-25 years were purposively selected from a total population of 60 based on inclusion criteria, including active participation in centralized training for at least six months, injury-free status, and official registration during the 2024 training season. Data were collected using standardized anthropometric and physical ability tests. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics and multiple regression, with model assumptions confirmed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, p > 0.05; VIF = 1.12; condition index = 8.5). Findings/Results: The regression analysis revealed a significant model (F(2,36) = 6.619, p = 0.004), explaining 51.9% of the variance in 500 m rowing performance (R2 = 0.519, SEE = 4.4 s). Anthropometric variables contributed 17.7% (R2 = 0.177) and physical ability variables 16.2% (R2 = 0.162), indicating that the combined model provided stronger explanatory power. Conclusion: Both anthropometric and physical ability factors demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with rowing performance. The findings emphasize the combined influence of physique and conditioning in achieving optimal rowing outcomes. This study contributes empirical evidence on the determinants of rowing success among Indonesian athletes and offers practical insights for designing targeted and evidence-based training programs.
Martial arts and psychosocial development in primary education: A systematic review of social-emotional learning (SEL)
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).22664

Abstract

Background: Social-emotional learning (SEL) competencies are critical for children’s academic engagement and psychosocial well-being. Martial arts, which integrate structured practice, ethical instruction, and social interaction, are increasingly implemented in primary education; however, their effects on SEL outcomes in primary-school-aged children have not yet been systematically synthesized. Objectives: This systematic review aims to examine the effects of martial arts interventions on emotion regulation, executive function, and empathy among primary school children aged 6–12 years. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, SAGE Journals, SpringerLink, and Emerald Insight up to August 2025. Eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS framework. Nine empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Covidence, with RoB 2 applied to randomized studies and the JBI checklist to non-randomized designs. Owing to methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. Findings/Results: School-based and curriculum-integrated martial arts interventions were associated with improvements in children’s emotion regulation, executive functioning, and empathy. Positive outcomes were most evident in programs incorporating structured practice, reflective or mindfulness-based activities, cooperative learning, and autonomy-supportive pedagogy. Effects varied according to program duration, instructional fidelity, and pedagogical design, with limited or inconsistent findings reported for short-term or extracurricular interventions lacking explicit socioemotional components. Conclusion: Martial arts can be an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing SEL-related psychosocial competencies in primary education when delivered through structured, value-based programs. Future studies should prioritize standardized curricula, robust experimental designs, and longitudinal follow-up to determine the sustainability of intervention effects.
Mapping global research trends in swimming anatomy and physiology: A bibliometric analysis (2015-2025)
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).23643

Abstract

Background: Swimming performance is fundamentally influenced by the interaction between anatomical structures and physiological functions, both of which determine movement efficiency, endurance capacity, and overall athletic performance. Despite the increasing number of studies examining these aspects separately, there is still no comprehensive bibliometric investigation that systematically maps the research landscape on anatomy and physiology in swimming. Objectives: This study employs bibliometric analysis to comprehensively identify and characterize research trends within the field of anatomy and physiology as they pertain to swimming over the past decade (2015-2025). Methods: This study systematically analyzed 371 Scopus-indexed publications concerning the anatomy and physiology of swimming, published within the decade spanning 2015 to 2025. To discern prominent research trends, we employed co-word analysis and text mining techniques, facilitated by VOSviewer software. Finding/Results: The bibliometric analysis indicated an absence of a consistent upward trend in research within the field of anatomy and physiology related to swimming. Peak publication years were observed in 2015 and 2017, each recording 58 documents. Geographically, the United States was the most prolific contributor, accounting for 173 published documents. Lauder, G.V., was identified as the most influential author, having individually contributed 12 publications. Regarding subject focus, Agricultural and Biological Sciences constituted the predominant area of research, representing 193 documents (29.2%) of the total publications in this domain. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of research on anatomy and physiology in swimming and identifies key contributors and emerging themes for future investigation.
Comparative effects of aerobic walking and resistance exercise on cognitive function in older adults: A quasi-experimental study
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 2 (2025): August
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(2).23927

Abstract

Background: Cognitive decline poses a major threat to independence and quality of life in older adults. Exercise is widely recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to preserve cognition, yet many studies overlook baseline cognitive status and seldom compare aerobic and resistance modalities. This gap limits clarity on which type of exercise is more effective in maintaining cognitive health. Research Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of aerobic walking exercise (AWE) and resistance exercise (RE) on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was conducted with 45 participants (23 males, 22 females; aged 60–69 years). Using ordinal pairing to balance baseline scores, participants were assigned to AWE (n = 22) or RE (n = 23). Both groups completed 24 exercise sessions over eight weeks (three sessions per week). Cognitive function was assessed with the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) under single-blind conditions. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests (within-group) and one-way ANCOVA (between-group) at a 5% significance level. Findings/Results: Both interventions significantly improved cognitive function (P < 0.001). However, RE produced greater gains (mean increase 2.21 points, 11.99%) than AWE (mean increase 1.27 points, 7.06%), with a moderate effect size (ƞp² = 0.110; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance exercise yields superior improvements in cognitive function compared to aerobic walking among older adults. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating resistance-based programs in community health initiatives, provided safety principles are ensured. Future research should extend to larger and more diverse populations, examine long-term effects through longitudinal designs, and evaluate applicability in individuals with comorbid conditions.
Development and validation of an instrument to assess attacking tactical behavior in football
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).23989

Abstract

Background: Existing tactical assessment tools generally evaluate overarching game principles but lack positional specificity and do not integrate decision-making and execution within a coherent framework. Moreover, these instruments were developed outside the Indonesian context, creating a clear gap for a position-integrated tool tailored to the tactical demands of youth football in Indonesia. Objectives: Thusstudy aimed to develop and validate a new instrument for assessing attacking tactical behavior in youth football by incorporating positional roles and experience-level differences. Methods: The instrument was developed through content validation with seven experts using Aiken’s V. Construct validity was subsequently assessed via the known-groups method, involving 72 football players from a university club and youth teams. The instrument’s reliability was further evaluated through inter-rater reliability with three raters and test–retest reliability with 36 youth football players. Finding/Results: The instrument demonstrated excellent content validity (Aiken’s V = 0.952) and good discriminant validity, with college players scoring significantly higher than youth players. Reliability analyses indicated strong inter-rater (ICC = 0.837-0.939) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.801-0.923). Compared with other instruments, the tool offers greater positional detail and holistic integration of tactical behavior, enabling more context-specific evaluation of attacking actions. Conclusion: The instrument was found to be valid and reliable for assessing attacking tactics in youth football. Although the sample size was limited and the instrument development did not yet address defensive and transitional phases, these findings support further refinement and application in future research.
Training method and arm strength interactions in novice table tennis skill development: A factorial study
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24210

Abstract

Background: Developing proficiency in the backhand drive is essential for novice table tennis players, yet identifying the most effective training methodologies remains a significant challenge. However, existing literature has predominantly examined training methods in isolation. There is a notable lack of empirical evidence regarding how these methods interact with individual physical attributes, leading to a potential gap in understanding effective personalized coaching strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the interaction between two common training methods (wall bounce vs. pairing) and arm muscle strength (strong vs. weak) on the acquisition of backhand drive skills in novice players. Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was employed over an eight-week period with 76 novice male university students (age 18-22). Participants were stratified into four groups based on the training method and arm muscle strength, which was assessed using a 30-second push-up test. Backhand drive ability was evaluated using a validated scoring rubric. Finding/Results: A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effects for training method (p < .043, ηp2 ​= 0.11) and arm muscle strength (p < .001, ηp2​ = 0.70), as well as an interaction effect between these factors on backhand drive performance (F(1.36) = 6.99, p < .05, ηp2​ = 0.16). Post-hoc analysis showed that the wall bounce method was significantly more effective for players with strong arm muscles (p < .05), whereas for players with weaker arm muscles, no significant difference was found between the two training methods (p > .05). Conclusion: The optimal training method for backhand drive development is contingent on the athlete's physical characteristics. This finding challenges the one-size-fits-all coaching paradigm and provides strong evidence for a personalized approach that matches training methodologies to the individual strength levels of athletes.
Development and validation of the pre-match anxiety scale for college futsal players (PMAS-CFP)
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24300

Abstract

Background: Anxiety is a major psychological factor that significantly affects the performance of college futsal players, so coaches need to understand anxiety. However, existing anxiety scales are not explicitly developed for futsal and often overlook critical pre-match external stressors, such as the opponent’s reputation and audience pressure, which are highly influential in the futsal environment. As a result, pressure in these areas is still ignored. Objective: To develop an instrument that can measure the pre-match anxiety scale for college futsal players (PMAS-CFP). Methods: This study employed an R&D design, incorporating content validity, ICC testing, construct validity, and reliability testing. Fourteen items were designed using three indicators: concentration impairment, somatic anxiety, and worry. Findings/Results: Psychometric testing showed strong content validity (Aiken’s V = 0.67-0.96), acceptable ICC (0.550), adequate construct validity (factor loadings = 0.60-0.82), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.922), good CFA loadings (0.667-0.946), composite reliability (CR = 0.965), and average variance extracted (AVE = 0.681). A total of 13 items met the required validity and reliability standards, consisting of concentration disorders (3 items), somatic anxiety (5 items), and worry (5 items). Conclusion: The PMAS-CFP is a valid and reliable tool for assessing pre-match anxiety in college futsal players, filling a gap in existing non-sport-specific anxiety measurements. This scale can help sports psychologists and coaches monitor athletes’ psychological readiness. Future studies are recommended to expand the use of this tool during and after matches, as well as to validate its use at broader levels of competition.
Contribution of martial arts participation to interpersonal intelligence in adolescents: An ex post facto study
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24353

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage for identity formation and social skill development, yet many adolescents struggle with emotional regulation and building healthy interpersonal relationships. Martial arts activities are known to instill discipline, respect, and cooperation, contributing to socio-emotional growth. However, empirical studies examining the direct relationship between martial arts participation and interpersonal intelligence especially in the Indonesian adolescent context remain limited. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of martial arts activities in supporting the development of adolescent interpersonal intelligence through the values of discipline, cooperation, and respect for others. Methods: This study used an ex post facto method with a quantitative approach. The subjects were 87 adolescents who actively participated in martial arts training in pencak silat, karate, and taekwondo in Bandung City. The instruments used included a martial arts activity questionnaire and a validated interpersonal intelligence scale. Findings/Results: The results of the compare mean analysis showed that the highest average score in interpersonal intelligence was found in the empathy indicator (M = 17.2; SD = 2.1), while in martial arts activities the highest was found in the activity type indicator (M = 13.4; SD = 2.2). In addition, the results of simple linear regression showed a 36.4% contribution of martial arts activities to interpersonal intelligence (R2 = 0.364; F = 122.77; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that martial arts participation contributes positively to adolescents’ socio-emotional development, particularly by strengthening interpersonal intelligence. This study provides an important contribution by offering empirical evidence for the role of sports-based character education in shaping interpersonal skills. However, the limited sample and the use of an ex post facto design reduce the generalizability and do not allow causal interpretation. Future research should involve larger and more diverse participants as well as stronger methodological designs to better understand how martial arts influence adolescents’ interpersonal development.
Effects of an eight-week neuromuscular training program on balance and reaction speed in collegiate hadang athletes: A controlled trial
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).25052

Abstract

Background: Hadang is a traditional Indonesian team sport that demands a high level of whole-body reaction time and unilateral postural control. Various training modalities have been shown to improve key physical components which collectively support performance in fast-paced games like the hadang. However, evidence on the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in this sport is limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 8 weeks of neuromuscular training on balance and reaction speed in university-level Hadang athletes. Methods: A quasi-experimental, controlled pretest–posttest design with two parallel groups was used. Thirty athletes were allocated to either a neuromuscular training group (NTG; n = 15; 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks; ~30–40 minutes/session) or a control training group (CTG; regular training without neuromuscular training). Primary outcomes were unilateral balance and whole-body reaction time. Data were analyzed using 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVA, with paired t-tests for simple effects. Findings/Results: Compared to CTG, NTG demonstrated significant improvements in balance and significant decreases in whole-body reaction time, while changes in CTG were not substantial. Conclusion: Eight weeks of structured neuromuscular training effectively improved balance and reaction time in college-level hadang athletes, with moderate effect sizes for balance and large effects for reaction time. Given its simplicity, minimal equipment requirements, and compatibility with standard training microcycles, neuromuscular training is worthy of adoption as a core, evidence-based component of performance periodization for hadang.

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