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Marine Research in Indonesia

MRI
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 02162873 EISSN : 24432008 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

MARINE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA (MRI) has been published since 1956 by Indonesia's oldest marine research institute, the Research Center for Oceanography of LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences). MRI focuses on physical, chemical, biological, geological oceanographic as well as coastal management studies in the Indonesian seas and the adjacent Indo-Pacific region.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 567 Documents

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COMPARISONS OF ESTUARINE MANAGEMENT NEEDS OF A TROPICAL PACIFIC MEXICAN HARBOUR AND A TEMPERATE CALIFORNIA HARBOUR Soule, Dorothy F.; Morris, Penny A.; Soule, John D.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Two areas of the eastern Pacific are compared, the southern California wetlands south of Point Conception and Mazatlan, Mexico. The historical development of both areas is important in considering their present biological status. Southern California has been subjected to intensive population growth and urbanization while Mazatlan has remained relatively unchanged. Both areas are compared biologically in regards to the fish population, thermal gradients in the harbors, salinity, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate distributions. The economic importance of the harbors is recognized, however it is essential that measures are taken to restore or retain existing wetlands that are associated with the harbors. The harbors can serve as shelters for various organisms if water quality can either be maintained (as in the case of Mazatlan) or improved, and if input of toxic and excessive nutrients is limited.

ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF AN ESTUARY AT THE EDGE OF THE AMERICAN CARIBBEAN: BISCAYNE BAY Thorhaug, Anitra
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Biscayne Bay is a shallow subtropical estuary, 225 square miles of water, at the edge of the tropics, located within Dade County, one of the fastest growing counties in the U.S.A. The fragility of this seagrass and mangrove dominated estuary has been demonstrated by repeated destruction of these ecosystems by man's activities, such as dredging, filling, drainage, sewerage, thermal pollution, and others. At the southern end, the U.S. Department of the Interior has recently established the Biscayne Monument, a preserve area where fairly rigit restrictions for man's use of the biota are enforced. At the northern end, intense land development since 1910 along with establishment for artificial islands and causeways, bulkheading, sewerage outfall and other pollutants has altered the ecology greatly. Approximately 1.5 million people inhabit this area. Multiple authorities for regulating use in the bay and its shoreline exist ranging from county to Federal. Many problems of overlapping jurisdiction and enforcement occur. Two symposia to bring together the knowledge of processes occurring m the bay and to delineate a policy for managing the bay were held in March 1976 resulting in the Volume, Biscayne Bay: Past, Present, and Future. Aspects of the ecology of this bay and of the management problems and goals will be discussed.

MARINE MANAGEMENT AND THE SITING OF ELECTRICAL GENERATING STATIONS ON TROPICAL SHORELINES Coles, Stephen L.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Expanding utilization of electricity by developing tropical nations will produce increasing amounts of waste heat that will, in most cases, be disposed into natural water systems. Such disposal represents a serious potential marine management problem for nations which intensively utilize the nearshore marine environment in their subsistence economy. This communication reviews the marine environmental effects resulting from thermal disposal at three generating stations on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii and compares these with results of similar studies made elsewhere in the tropics and subtropics. Conclusions are drawn from these studies concerning desirable environmental features to be considered for thermal outfalls in tropical areas, and some environmental consequences of alternative methods of cooling water treatment are discussed.

THE LEIOGNATHUS (TELEOSTEI): THEIR SPECIES, STOCKS, AND FISHERIES IN INDONESIA, WITH NOTES OF THE BIOLOGY OF LEIOGNATHUS SPLENDENS (CUVIER) Pauly, Daniel
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Species of the family Leiognathidac in the Indo-Pacific area are often considered trash fish but are readily accepted in Indonesia, where about 50,000 tons were landed in 1975, 14,000 tons of which originated from the Malacca Strait area. The Western Jawa Sea, Karimata Strait and Indonesia's South China Sea stocks are underfished or, partially, even virgin and production from these stocks might be more than 100,000 tons a year. The leiognathid stocks, having their highest stock densities in very shallow waters (peak at 25 m depth) are easily overfished by trawling, while the bagan (lift-nets) tend to underfish them. In East Jawa, there is an annual periodicity in the fishery which is correlated with the rainfall, the peak landings being from December through March, while landings are lowest from July to September. Leiognathus splendens (CUVIER) makes up most of the leiognathid stock (90% and more). The main feature of the biology of this species ? growth, reproduction and food are briefly discussed. A short selected bibliography of the Leiognathidae is given.

THE EXPLOITATION OF THE ESTUARIES IN THE KENDAL AREA (NORTHERN COAST OF JAWA) BY ARTISANAL FISHERMEN Hadikoesworo, Harjadi
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The estuaries at the northern coast of Jawa are good fishing grounds for the artisanal fishermen. They have been exploited heavily, and is becoming more so with the advance of technology in the form of motorized vessels. Does the exploitation provide a good livelihood to the fishermen? The outcome of the preliminary analysis of the fishing activities of artisanal fishermen in the Kendal area (Central Jawa) will be presented, the problems discussed.

UTILIZATION OF COASTAL ZONE IN INDONESIA. PRESENT STATUS OF OYSTER, SEAWEED AND COCKLE CULTURE Ismail, Wardana
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Maricullure in coastal zone, such as the bays, inlets, or lagoons in coral reef is becoming more important in the world fishery activities. In Indonesia, some culture experiments are being conducted, such as for oyster (Crassostrea tuculata BORN) in Banten Bay, and seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum) in Samaringa Islands (Central Sulawesi) and Talang islands (Riau Archipelago), while culture of cockle (Anadara granose LIN.) based on a simple method have been conducted by local fishermen from Ketapang (West Jawa) since several years ago. Some preliminary results of culture experiments are given.

TIDAL PATTERNS AND RESOURCE USE IN THE MUSI-BANYUASIN COASTAL ZONE OF SUMATRA Hadi, Safwan; Hanson, Arthur J.; Koesoebiono, -; Mahlan, Musrefinah; Purba, Mulia; Rahardjo, Santoso
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Tidal influence extends 100 km upriver in the coastal swamplands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. In planning development or resource use, description of local tidal variation is important since tides interact with river flow to zone the land and waters into a series of distinctive environments. The coastal swamps are being opened for rice cultivation with tidally-influenced irrigation and drainage canals. There are also forestry and fishery activities plus major shipping activities in these delta areas. The tidal patterns arc studied in the South Sumatra coastal portion of the Musi and Banyuasin River basins. The tides are mixed, predominantly diurnal with a maximum range of 3.5 m near the coast. Significant differences in tidal amplitude and phase exist between rivers separated by deltas often less than 10 km in width. Differences in river water flow atributed to season or basin characteristics influence tidal patterns. On the Musi river the relationship between tidally-influenced resource uses and distance from the sea suggests the greatest variety of activities occurs within the zone of maximum tidal range 0 to 30 km from the delta fronts. This zone should therefore be considered a region of special ecological concern. A mechanism is needed for coordinated planning of infrastructure changes likely to influence hydrology or resource uses. Predictive models should be developed for measuring the likely impact of such development on coastal hydrology.

THE LEIOGNATHIDAE (TELEOSTS): AN HYPOTHESIS RELATING THEIR MEAN DEPTH OCCURRENCE TO THE INTENSITY OF THEIR COUNTERSHADING BIOLUMINESCENCE Pauly, Daniel
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

All species belonging to the Family Leiognathidae (genera Leiognathus, Secutor & Gazza) are bioluminescent. They emit during daytime a downward, diffuse light which tends to disrupt their silhouette, making them less discernible from beneath to potential predators. It is here assumed that the intensity of light emitted should correspond to the intensity of incident light at the depth at which each species generally occurs. Using published information on the relative intensity of emitted light in different species and quantitative data on the mean depth occurrence of the species, it is shown that there is a good correspondance in the ranking order of both light intensity and depth occurrence in five species (e.g. Secutor ruconius emits a strong light and occurs in shallow water; Leiognathus elongatus emits a weak light and occurs at greater depth). Species not fitting into this pattern (e.g. Leiognathus splendens emits a weak light but occurs in very shallow water) tend to occur in murky water, where less light is required for counterillumination.

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE ANCHOVY, THRYSSA GAUTAMIENSIS BABU RAO (PISCES: ENGRAULIDAE) Rao, M. Babu
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 19 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Biology of the anchovy, Thryssa gautamiensis BABU RAO, which forms a fishery in the Godavari estuary (East Coast of India) was studied for the three seasons, i.e. 1959-60, 1960-61 and 196162. The population pattern was studied during the three seasons by means of montly percentage length frequency curves and fitting normal curves. Length weight studies were made for the three seasons, the best fit equations to express the relationship have been calculated and differences of relationships within seasons have been tested. Relative condition ('Kn') variation studies have been made for the different length groups of the fish for the two sexes. The variations of fecundity in relation to length and weight of fish respectively were studied and the equation to express their relationships have been established. The spawning season and the sizes, of ova at different stages of maturity have been determined by means of ova diameter measurement studies. The food preferences of this species have been ascertained by studying the gut contents and their item wise percentage frequencies in different months.

SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE EPIBENTHOS IN A HIGHLY DISTURBED CORAL REEF COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES Gomez, Edgardo D.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 20 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Baseline studies on the marine benthic communities around the proposed site of the first nuclear power plant in the Philippines have indicated a highly disturbed coral reef community. The areas studied are all subtidal, mostly starting just below the littoral and having an average depth of five meters. The study consisted in taking a census with SCUBA of the epibiota in quadrats on transects laid out perpendicular to the shoreline. Results of the sampling during the dry season indicate a predominantly algal (Padina) community of low species diversity. Many of the conspicuous components of Philippine coral reefs are either absent or are present only in small numbers, e.g., hard and soft corals, crinoids, tridacnids, and colorful serpulids. Dynamite fishing is no doubt a major factor responsible for the condition of the dead reefs. Weather and erosion of the land areas with the resulting siltation have probably contributed to the poor condition of the reef communities as well.

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Contact Name
Aan J. Wahyudi

Contact Email
aanj001@lipi.go.id

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
mri@mail.lipi.go.id

Editorial Address
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Location
Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA