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Marine Research in Indonesia

MRI
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 02162873 EISSN : 24432008 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

MARINE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA (MRI) has been published since 1956 by Indonesia's oldest marine research institute, the Research Center for Oceanography of LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences). MRI focuses on physical, chemical, biological, geological oceanographic as well as coastal management studies in the Indonesian seas and the adjacent Indo-Pacific region.

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Articles 567 Documents

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REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF THE TROPICAL ABALONE, HALIOTIS ASININA, FROM SOUTHERN LOMBOK WATERS, INDONESIA Setyono, Dwi E.D.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 30 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The main objective of this study was to determine reproductive strategy including major spawning season of tropical abalone (Haliotis asinina) from southern Lombok waters, Indonesia. Gonad bulk index, maturity stages and oocyte size frequency distribution were applied to document gonadal development and major spawning season. The results of this study show that H. asinina in southern Lombok waters displayed year-round spawning with a high proportion occurring in August - November, when gonad index dropped to a lower level and high proportion of partly spawned and/or spent ovaries occurred in the population. Gonad development and spawning in males and females occurred synchronously. The correlation between gonadal development and environmental factors are described and discussed.

EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON ORNAMENTAL CORAL FISH (CHROMIS VIRIDIS) Arifin, Zainal; Hindarti, Dwi
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 30 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The use of cyanide particularly for fishing has caused concern for its impacts on aquatic marine life. This study was the first attempt to provide information on the effect of cyanide on tropical marine fish in Indonesia and aimed to determine the toxicity of cyanide to coral fish, Chromis viridis. The fish were exposed to 10,18,32,56 and 100 µg 1-1 of cyanide. These five cyanide concentrations were tested for 96- h period of exposure through a static-renewal. Cyanide was found to be very toxic to the fish. The 96-h LC50 of cyanide for juvenile of Chromis viridis was 41.3 µg 1-1. The toxicity of cyanide to C. viridis was 300 times stronger than that of the trace metal cadmium. Compared to milkfish fry (Chanos chanos), C. viridis was more sensitive to cyanide. It is estimated that at concentration of 32 µg 1-1 cyanide does not show observable effect (NOEC) to C. viridis. Meanwhile the lowest observable effect of cyanide (LOEC) to the fish is at a concentration of 56 µg 1-1.

MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES POLICY FORMULATION AND THE ROLE OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AS TOOL FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA Wiadnya, D. G.R.; Mous, P. J.; Djohani, R.; Erdmann, M. V.; Halim, A.; Knight, M.; Pet-Soede, L.; Pet, J. S.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 30 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries states that conservation and management decisions for fisheries should be based on the best scientific evidence available. Studies show that most of Indonesia's capture fisheries are either full or over-exploited. However, the fishery sector is still expected to contribute to the increase of Indonesia's GNP through an increase in total catches. Furthermore, the current practice of using catch-effort data and Maximum Sustainable Yield models to inform Indonesia?s fisheries policies is flawed, putting sustainability and long-term profitability of Indonesia's fisheries at risk. In this paper, the authors argue that to ensure the survival of Indonesia's fish stocks and fisheries: fisheries policy must shift from development-oriented management towards management for sustainability. Furthermore, fisheries managers must accept that 'untapped resources' may not exist or cannot be exploited profitably, and that any transfer of fishing effort between fishing grounds may contribute to collapse of local fisheries. Also, fisheries managers should change the management paradigm from MSY models to eco-system based management, wherein Marine Protected Areas should play an important role.

REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF HOLOTHURIA SCABRA (ECHINODERMATA: HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN INDONESIAN WATERS Purwati, P.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 30 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

During 1993 to 1996, reproductive aspects of Holothuria scabra, one of the commercially important holothurian species in Indonesian waters were studied, which involved populations of Ambon Bay (eastern Indonesian waters), Saugi Island (central Indonesian waters) and Lampung Bay (western Indonesian waters). Those studies were reviewed in this paper, not only to reveal general patterns of reproductive seasons of populations throughout Indonesian waters, but also to provide more knowledge on gonadaltubule-development that has been rarely investigated on Indonesian holothurians. The review showed that the development of gonadal tubules amongst populations of Indonesian H. scabra were similar. Those included that: tubules across a gonad grew for one single reproductive cycle, and each tubule had equal opportunity to release their gametes in the same spawning event. These features conformed to general characteristics of this species throughout the world, and were different from the proposed tubule recruitment model of Smiley (1988). Each observed population showed fluctuation on gonad index, and individuals with fecund and/or post spawning gonads were recorded in most sampling occasions, resulting in fluctuation of gonad index. This attribute gave clue to through-year spawning activity with more intense during one or two periods in a year.

A FORMULATION APPROACH TO QUANTIFY THE ABUNDANCE OF CORAL GENERA Suharsono, -; Giyanto, -
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 31 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

A formulation approach to quantify the abundance of coral genera is considered important to obtain basic information necessary in determining the potency and condition of coral, and one application can also be used to set quota for coral trade. The line intercept method has been used in five different area throughout Indonesian archipelago representing prestine area to heavy disturbances. Based on the number of occurrence, the genera dominance, the size of colony and the coral coverage in each study area was assigned scale, weight and value. The calculation gave the range of Total Value (TV) from 5 -20 and the assignment abundance category of coral genera is 17-20 very common, 14-16 common, 11-13 uncommon, 8 -10 rare, and 5-7 very rare. The categorization of each coral genus of certain area can be used to consider whether it can be harvested or not. Suggestion based on this study as follow: coral genera categorized as "very common" can be harvest, coral genera categorized as "common" can be harvest with caution, coral genera categorized as "uncommon", harvest are limited, coral genera as "rare", harvest are strictly limited and coral genera as "very rare" are prohibited to harvest.

GROWTH OF JUVENILE HORSE'S HOOF CLAMS (Hippopus hippopus) REARED IN COASTAL WATERS, PARI ISLAND, KEPULAUAN SERIBU Pangabean, L. M.G.L.; Dwiono, S. A.P.; Setyono, D. E. Djoko
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 31 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The main purpose of this present study is to determine the growth and survival rate of juvenile horse's hoof clams {Hippopus hippopus) and to find out a suitable site for their rearing in nature. Juveniles used in this study were about 3 years old, produced in the hatchery of CV Dinar, Bali. They were reared in the cages, placed on the sea bed at several sites, namely: (1) on the reef flat, (2) on the bed of a lagoon, and (3) on the sea channel. After 360days of rearing, the highest daily growth was found for juveniles reared in site-2, i.e. 0.110 mm in length, 0.080 mm in width and 0.091 mm in height. These values were significantly different from other two sites. The survival rate after 360 days of rearing was 85.5% in site-1, 99.4% in site-2 and 96.8% in site-3. Based on these results the bed of a lagoon is the best and suitable site to grow horse's hoof clam juveniles in nature. Water condition at this site is relatively calm with sandy-muddy substrates and relatively dense seagrasses, mainly Thallasia spp.

EXPERIMENT ON FISSION STIMULATION OF HOLOTHURIA ARTA (HOLOTHUROIDEA, ECHINODERMATA): CHANGING IN BODY WEIGHT AND MORPHOLOGY Purwati, Pradina; Dwiono, Sigit A.P.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 32 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Experiment on Holothuria atra provided evidence that asexual reproduction by fission was possible to be stimulated at laboratory. The success of the experiment was determined based on the high survival of stimulated individuals that grew into intact. After being tightened, induced individuals divided into anterior- and posteriorend individuals. During regenerating into intact individuals, the body weight decreased to relatively minimum weight. Developing of new tentacles in posterior-end individuals and anal aperture in anterior-end individuals required 7-8 weeks after fission. These indicators may lead to anatomical recovery which may be a sign of feeding necessity.

SIZE, SEX AND LENGTH AT MATURITY OF FOUR COMMON SHARKS CAUGHT FROM WESTERN INDONESIA Fahmi, -; Sumadhiharga, Kurnaen
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 32 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

A study on four common shark species in Indonesia, the spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna (Muller and Henle, 1839), silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839), spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah (Valenciennes, 1839) and scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) was conducted at several shark landing sites in western Indonesia from March 2002 to December 2004. Data were collected from the surveyed areas including the length of frequency, sex composition and length at maturity. In general, they were caught at size smaller than their maturity size. The proportion of immature C. brevipinna, C. falciformis, C. sorrah and S. lewini to their total number recorded at the surveyed area during the study were about 87%, 50%, 80% and 65%, respectively. According to the length at maturity, females generally attained their maturity in larger size than males. Some factors contributing the catches in immature size and conservation status of those four species were also discussed.

THE EXTENDED LONGEVITY OF A SMALL CORAL REEF SERRANID; A LESSON FROM CEPHALOPHOLIS CYANOSTIGMA (BLUE SPOT ROCK COD) OF THE CENTRAL GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA Mosse, Jacobus W.; Davies, Campbell R.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 32 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The blue spot rock cod, Cephalopholis cyanostigma, is a small common coral reef serranid that forms a significant proportion of the discarded by-catch in the Great Barrier line fishery. Samples were obtained by spear and line fishing at Orpheus Island (range 114- 294 mm FL, mean = 226 mm, n = 137) and from Pelorus Island (range 120-285 mm FL, mean = 214 mm, n = 125). Sagittal otoliths were used to obtain age-based parameter estimates for the populations at each island. Analysis of marginal increments on monthly samples suggested that a single opaque band was deposited annually during November - December. Recaptures of three fishes (9,18, and 24 years old) in July and November 1997, five years after injection of oxytetracycline, further corroborated our conclusion that band formation was annual. The maximum age in our samples of 31 years suggested that the blue spotted rock cod was one of the longest lived serranids documented to date. The von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best description of the pattern of growth for populations at both islands with high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.86 and 0.82 for Orpheus and Pelorus islands, respectively). Female population of both sites grew relatively slow, not reaching asymptotic size until 7-10 yrs. Statistical comparisons on male and female growth patterns were not significant, however. There were significant differences in growth parameters between islands with C. cyanostigma on average growing larger at Orpheus Island (L?= 258 mm and K= 0.22) compared with Pelorus Island (L?=244 mm and K = 0.25). These age-based population parameter estimates indicated that C. cyanostigma was considerably longer lived than expected for a small coral reef serranid and further demonstrated the utility of age-based methods in studies of the demography of tropical reef fish. The implication for conservation and fisheries management of small tropical serranids is that species with similar population parameters are likely to sustain much lower levels of fishing mortality than previously thought.

EURYPEGASUS DRACONIS LINNAEUS, 1766 (GASTEROSTEIFORMES: PEGASIDAE); A NEW RECORD TO THE DERAWAN ISLANDS, INDONESIA Peristiwady, Teguh
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 32 No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Three specimens of Eurypegasus draconis Linnaeus, 1766 were collected in seagrass beds of Samama Island, East Kalimantan, in June 2006. It was the first record of this uncommon species that widely distributes in Indian and Pacific waters. The species was characterized by 8-9 tail rings and a spine on the dorsal side of last tail ring.

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Aan J. Wahyudi

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aanj001@lipi.go.id

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mri@mail.lipi.go.id

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Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA