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Reaktor
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 08520798     EISSN : 24075973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012" : 12 Documents clear
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR UREA MENGGUNAKAN PROSES GABUNGAN ACTIVATED MICROALGAE DAN NITRIFIKASI-DENITRIFIKASI AUTOTROFIK: UJI DENGAN RANCANGAN TAGUCHI Indro Sumantri; Sumarno Sumarno; Norma Afiati
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (75.365 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.1.79-85

Abstract

TREATMENT OF UREA WASTEWATER WITH COMBINED PROCESS OF ACTIVATED MICROALGAE AND NITRIFICATION-DENITRIFICATION AUTOTROPHIC: EVALUATION WITH TAGUCHI DESIGN. The conventional process for treatment wastewater from urea plant usually use of micro algae process or heterotrophic bacterial nitrification denitrification. Micro algae process use different type of micro algae. The advantage is cheap because used only little bit of P nutrient but cannot used for ammonium removal. Heterotrophic bacterial nitrification denitrification process needed high organic carbon input so that treatment cost so expensive. The objective of the research work was to investigate the potential of combination of special type micro algae process with an autotrophic nitrification-denitrification process. Micro algae species used in micro algae process have ability either for ammonium removal or withstand in high ammonium concentration. Autotrophic nitrification denitrification process used nitrifying bacterial/sludge as the biocatalyst. The origin of the nitrifying sludge was an activated sludge obtained from a particle board industry wastewater treatment plant where nitrification occurred in the aeration basin. Enrichment and breeding of the nitrifying sludge were conducted in high ammonium concentration and autotrophic condition. Based on experiment, enrichment and breeding micro algae which have ability either for ammonium removal or withstand in high ammonium concentration quite easy. By screening experiment with seven variable: MLSS, detention time, NH3-N concentration, aeration, CaCO3 concentration, micronutrient, N:P ratio, obtained the best level of variables are NH3-N concentration, aeration, CaCO3 concentration at high level. Evaluation limiting substrate inhibition of ammonium to nitrifying bacterial growth also unproved experimentally.Proses konvensional untuk mengolah limbah cair industri urea biasanya menggunakan proses alga mikro atau bakteri heterotropik nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Proses alga mikro dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis alga mikro. Keuntungannya adalah murah karena hanya memerlukan nutrien P sedikit tetapi tidak dapat digunakan untuk menyusutkan amoniak. Proses nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi bakteri heterotropik memerlukan asupan karbon yang tinggi sehingga pengolahan  menjadi mahal. Tujuan saat ini untuk penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari kombinasi yang potensial untuk proses alga mikro jenis tertentu dengan proses nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi ototrofik. Jenis alga mikro yang digunakan dalam proses alga mikro mempunyai kemampuan baik untuk penyusutan amoniak atau tahan dalam konsentrasi amoniak tinggi. Proses nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi ototrofik menggunakan bakteri nitrifikasi/lumpur sebagai biokatalis. Lumpur nitrifikasi awal adalah lumpur aktif kolam aerasi unit pengolahan limbah cair industri partikel board Pengayaan dan pembibitan lumpur nitrifikasi dilakukan dalam konsentrasi amoniak yang tinggi dan kondisi ototrofik. Berdasarkan penelitian, pengayaan dan pembibitan alga mikro yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk penyusutan amoniak dan tahan konsentrasi amoniak yang tinggi mudah. Evaluasi substrat pembatas penghambat amonium terhadap pertumbuhan alga tidak terbukti. Tujuh variabel yang dipilih lewat penapisan adalah : MLSS, waktu tinggal, konsentrasi NH3-N, laju aerasi, kadar CaCO3, nutrien mikro, rasio N:P. Variabel yang berpengaruhadalah konsentrasi NH3-N, laju aerasi, kadar CaCO3.Keywords: autotrophic nitrification-denitrification process; enrichment and breeding of the nitrifying sludge; micro algae proces
PENGARUH PLASTICIZER PADA KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM DARI PEKTIN Sang Kompiang Wirawan; Agus Prasetya; Ernie Ernie
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 1, April 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.1.61-67

Abstract

EFFECT OF PLASTICIZER ON THE PECTINIC EDIBLE FILM CHARACTERISTICS. The peel of Balinese Citrus contains high concentration of pectin which can be further processed to be edible films. The edible films can be utilized as a food coating which protects the food from any external mass transports such as humid, oxygen, and soluble material and can be served as a carrier to improve the mehanical-handing properties of the food. Edible films made of organic polymers tend to be brittle and thus addition of a plasticizers is required during the process. The work studies the effect of the type and the concentration of plasticizers on the tensile strength, the elongation of break, and the water vapor permeability of the edible film. Sorbitol and glycerol were used as plasticizers. Albedo from the citrus was hydrolized with hydrochloride acid 0.1 N to get pectinate substance. Pectin was then dissolved in water and mixed with the plasticizers and CaCl2.2H2O solution. The concentrations of the plasticizers were 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mL/mL of solution. The results showed that increasing the concentration of plasticizers will decrease the tensile strength, but increase the elongation and firlm permeability. Sorbitol-plasticized films are more brittle, however exhibited higher tensile strength and water vapor permeability than glycerol-plasticized film. The resuts suggested that glycerol is better plasticizer than sorbitol. Kulit Jeruk bali banyak mengandung pektin yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku edible film. Edible filrm bisa digunakan untuk melapisi bahan makanan, melindungi makanan dari transfer massa eksternal seperti kelembaban, oksigen, dan zat terlarut, serta dapat digunakan sebagai carrier untuk meningkatkan penanganan mekanik produk makanan. Film yang terbuat dari bahan polimer organik ini cenderung rapuh sehingga diperlukan penambahan plasticizer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar dan jenis plasticizer terhadap kuat tarik, persentase elongation dan permeabilitas uap air dari pektin edible film. Plasticizer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sorbitol dan gliserol. Serbuk albedo dari kulit jeruk bali dihidrolisis dengan larutan asam klorida 0,1 N untuk mendapatkan pektin. Pektin kemudian dilarutkan dalam air dand icampurkan dengan plasticizer dan larutan CaCl2.2H2O. Kadar plasticizer yang digunakan adalah 0; 0,03; 0,05; 0,10; dan 0,15 mL/mL larutan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa semakin banyak plasticizer yang digunakan akan menurunkan nilai kuat tarik film tetapi menaikkan nilai percent elongation of break dan permeabilitas film. Film dengan plasticizer sorbitol lebih rapuh namun memberikan nilai kuat tarik dan permeabilitas uap air yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan film dengan plasticizer gliserol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gliserol merupakan palticizer yang lebih baik.Kata kunci: edible film; pektin; permeabilitas; plasticizers; kuat tarik

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