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Hiperglikemia dan Aterosklerosis Arteri Karotis Interna pada Penderita Pasca Stroke Iskemik Agus Darmawan; Dodik Tugasworo; Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTHyperglycemia and atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery in post ischemic stroke patientBackground: Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of death in stroke. Marker of atherosclerosis in carotid artery is intima media thickness (IMT) of artery walls. One of trigger atherosclerosis is hyperglycemia. The objective of the study is to investigate the association between hyperglycemia to atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery in post ischemic stroke patient.Methods: A cross sectional design study, patients post ischemic stroke admitted outpatient clinic of neurology department at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang, start at May 2010 until July 2010. Analysis of atherosclerosis using carotid duplex ultrasound, analysis of hyperglycemia with fasting blood glucose levels, two-hour postprandial glucose levels and also HbA1c levels using bloodvenous in the laboratory of clinical pathology department at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. Descriptive statistic and logistic regression test were performed to analyze the data.Result: The mean of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were 113.93 (SD 42.2) mg/dL, two-hours postprandial glucose (2hPPG) levels were 182.4 (SD 76.5) mg/dL, HbA1c levels were 6.4 (SD 1.5)%. The mean of intima media thickness of internal carotid artery was 1.2 (SD 1.9) mm. No significance difference between FBG, 2hPPG and A1c (95% CI, p>0.05) to atherosclerosis of internalcarotid artery in post ischemic stroke patient.Conclusion: There are no significant association between hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery in post ischemic stroke patient.Keywords: Hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, post ischemic stroke ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Aterosklerosis merupakan penyebab kematian utama pada stroke. Petanda aterosklerosis di arteri karotis adalah ketebalan tunika intima media intima media thickness (IMT) di arteri tersebut. Salah satu pemicu aterosklerosis adalah hiperglikemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan pengaruh hiperglikemia terhadap aterosklerosis arteri karotis interna pada penderita pasca stroke iskemik.Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional, pada penderita pasca stroke iskemik yang kontrol di Poliklinik Saraf RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang mulai Mei 2010 sampai Juli 2010. Analisis aterosklerosis menggunakan USG Karotis Duplex, analisis hiperglikemia dengan menganalisis kadar glukosa darah puasa, kadar glukosa darah 2 jam postprandial dan kadar HbA1c menggunakan darah vena di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan uji regresi logistik.Hasil: Rerata kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) 113,9 (SB 42,2) mg/dL, kadar glukosa darah 2 jam postprandial (GD2PP) 182,4 (SB 76,5) mg/dL dan kadar HbA1c 6,4 (SB 1,5)%. Rerata ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis interna 1,2 (SB 1,9) mm. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara GDP, GD2PP dan HbA1c (95% CI, p>0,05) terhadap aterosklerosis arteri karotis interna pada penderita pasca stroke iskemik.Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan hiperglikemia dengan aterosklerosis arteri karotis interna pada penderita pasca stroke iskemik.

Pemberian Teh Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn), Simvastatin dan Profil Lipid serta Serum ApoB pada Tikus Hiperkolesterolemi Enny Probosari; Hertanto WS; Niken Puruhita
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTConsumption of roselle tea and simvastatin, lipid profile and apoB serum in hypercholesterolemic ratsBackground: Roselle is commonly used as herbal beverages in Indonesian that is known have a hypocholesterolemic effect. The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of roselle tea compared to simvastatin on lipid profile and apo B of hypercholesterolemic rats.Methods: This study was an animal experimental with randomized pre test post test control design. Sixteen hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats of 15 week-aged were devided into 3 groups: control groups (K) received normal feeding and water adlibitum, group P1 received normal feeding, water adlibitum and roselle tea 4.5 ml twice a day, group P2 received normal feeding, water adlibitum and simvastatin 0.4 mg daily. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 30 days after administration of roselle tea or simvastatin for the measurement of serum lipids and apoB using ELISA.Results: Administration of roselle tea 1.37gram twice a day decreased trigliserid concentrations from 81.7mg/dl±43.13 to 26.5mg/dl±13.92 (p=0.038), but increased total cholesterol concentrations from 62.1mg/dl±4.25 to 91.9mg/dl±11.74 (p=0.001). Administration of 0.4mg simvastatin didn’t decreased triglicerid concentrations (50.9mg/dl±55.95 to 67.9mg/dl±3.07, p=0.207), total cholesterol concentrations (67.9mg/dl±3.07 to 74.2mg/dl±10.65, p=0.146), LDL cholesterol concentrations (156.8mg/dl±291.9 to 34.0mg/dl±30.06, p=0.686) nor increased HDL cholesterol concentration (58.1mg/dl±12.73 to 60.5mg/dl±8.61, p=0.674).Conclusion: Intake of 1.37 gram rosella tea twice a day decreases trigliserid more effective than simvastatin. Administration of roselle tea and simvastatin are not effective to reduce LDL cholesterol concentrations and apoB concentrations, nor increased HDL cholesterol concentrations.Keywords: Lipid profile, apoB, roselle, simvastatinABSTRAKLatar belakang: Teh rosela merupakan salah satu bahan minuman yang diketahui mempunyai efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian teh rosela dibandingkan simvastatin terhadap profil lipid dan apolipoprotein B pada tikus hiperkolesterolemi.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain pre-post-test dengan kelompok kontrol. Enam belas tikus putih jantan galur wistar hiperkolesterolemi, usia 15 minggu, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) hanya diberi pakan standar dan minum adlibitum, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) diberi pakan standar minum adlibitum, seduhan rosela 2x4,5ml per haridan kelompok perlakuan 2 (P2) diberi pakan standar minum adlibitum dan simvastatin 0,4mg per hari, selama 30 hari. Pada awal dan akhir perlakuan diambil serum darah untuk mengetahui kadar trigliserid, kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, kolesterol HDL, sedangkan kadar apo B diukur pada akhir penelitian menggunakan metode ELISA.Hasil: Pemberian teh rosela (kelompok P1) menurunkan kadar trigliserid dari 81,7mg/dl±43,13 menjadi 26,5mg/dl±13,92 (p=0,038) setelah perlakuan, namun kadar kolesterol totalnya meningkat dari 62,1mg/dl±4,25 menjadi 91,9mg/dl±11,74 (p=0,001) setelah perlakuan. Pemberian 0,4mg simvastatin tidak menurunkan kadar trigliserid (50,9mg/dl±55,95 menjadi 67,9mg/dl±3,07, p=0,207), tidak menurunkan kadar kolesterol total (67,9mg/dl±3,07 menjadi 74,2mg/dl±10,65, p=0,146), tidak menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL (156,8mg/dl±291,9 menjadi 34,0mg/dl±30,06, p=0,686) dan tidak meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL (58,1mg/dl±12,73 menjadi 60,5mg/dl±8,61, p=0,674).Simpulan: Pemberian teh rosela dengan berat rata-rata 1,37 gram yang dikonsumsi dua kali per hari lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar trigliserid serum tikus hiperkolesterolemi dibandingkan pemberian 0,4mg simvastatin. Pemberian teh rosela dosis lazim dan pemberian simvastatin dosis 0,4mg sama tidak efektifnya dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL, kadar apolipoprotein B dan meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL.

Suplementasi Vitamin E dan Profil Lipid Penderita Dislipidemia: Studi pada Pegawai Rumah Sakit Profesor Dokter Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto Diah Krisnansari; Martha Irene Kartasurya; M. Zen Rahfiludin
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT Vitamin E supplementation and lipid profile in patients with dislipidemia Background: The prevalence of dislipidemia in Indonesia increase lately. Vitamin E has important role in cholesterol metabolism and protecting low density lipoprotein cholesterol against oxidation. This study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on lipid profile.Method: The study was a randomised controlled clinical trial. Subjects were the employees of Professor Doctor Margono Soekarjo hospital aged 30-50 years who suffered from dislipidemic. The supplementation groups received 400 IU vitamin E and the control group received placebo once a day for 30 days. Lipid profile was examined using vitros system chemistry analyser 250 dan 350. Nutritional intake were gathered using food recall method and processed with nutrisurvey. Analyses were conducted using T-test, Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon and Chi square tests. Result: There were no differences in total (p=0.910), LDL (p=0.457) and HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.809) as well as trigliseride level (p=0.687) between the two groups before suplementation. There were differences in total (p=0.004) and LDL (p=0.002), there were no differences in HDL cholesterol level (p=0.332) and trigliseride level (p=0.940) between the two groups after supplementation. There were differences on the changes in total cholesterol (p=0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.000) and no differences on the changes in HDL cholesterol level (p=0.197) as well as trigliserida level (p=0.438). There was no difference in nutritional intake between the two groups. Conclusion: That supplementation of vitamin E 400 IU once daily for 30 days improve lipid profile. Keywords: Dislipidemia, vitamin E, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, trigliseride ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Angka kejadian dislipidemia di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Vitamin E merupakan antioksidan penting dalam metabolisme kolesterol, melindungi kolesterol LDL terhadap oksidasi dan meningkatkan kolesterol HDL. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi vitamin E terhadap profil lipid penderita dislipidemia. Metode: Desain studi adalah acak buta ganda terkontrol dengan subyek 42 orang karyawan RS Profesor Dokter Margono Soekarjo penderita dislipidemia yang berusia 30-50 tahun, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 22 orang memperoleh vitamin E 400 IU dan 20 orang memperoleh placebo sekali sehari selama 30 hari. Karakteristik subyek diperoleh melalui wawancara, berat badan dan tinggi badan diperoleh melalui pengukuran. Profil lipid diukur sebelum dan sesudah suplementasi dengan vitros system chemistry analyser 250 dan 350. Asupan gizi diperoleh melalui food recall dan dianalisis dengan program nutrisurvey. Data dianalisis dengan uji T, Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon dan Chi square. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan kolesterol total (p=0,910), kolesterol LDL (p=0,457), kolesterol HDL (p=0,809) dan trigliserida (p=0,687) antara kedua kelompok sebelum suplementasi. Ada perbedaan kolesterol total (p=0,004) dan kolesterol LDL (p=0,002), tidak ada perbedaan kolesterol HDL (p=0,332) dan trigliserida (p=0,940) antara kedua kelompok sesudah suplementasi. Ada perbedaan perubahan kolesterol total (p=0,001) dan kolesterol LDL (p=0,000), tidak ada perbedaan perubahan kolesterol HDL (p=0,197) dan trigliserida (p=0,438) antara kedua kelompok. Tidak ada perbedaan asupan gizi antara kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Suplementasi vitamin E 400 IU sekali sehari 30 hari dapat memperbaiki kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL penderita.

Faktor HLA-DRB pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Pengobatan Strategi DOTS Sri Andarini Indreswari; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Marsetyawan HNE Soesatyo; Kusworini Handono
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTHLA-DRB factor in pulmonal tuberculosis with DOTS strategic treatmentBackground: Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s greatest public health problems, especially in developing countries. In Indonesia the results of DOTS strategic treatment and conversion have not been fruitful results. Many factors play important roles in the success of DOTS strategic treatment, but a little attention was given to the immuno genetics aspects. This study was aimed at theassociation between HLA-DRB factors and clinical output on DOTS strategic treatment (after first 2 months of treatment):conversion of sputum smear positive.Method: A nested case control study was carried out. The exposure variables were alleles of HLA-DRB (result of PCR examination), while the independent variables were sputum smear positive and negative (result of laboratories examination with Ziehl Neelsen staining, Niacin test). Body mass index (BMI) and sex were confounding variables. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated using bivariate and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.Result: A total sample of 73 new patients with active tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) in developing treatment with DOTS strategic treatment, consist of 34 cases and 39 controls. The odds ratio (OR) of HLA-DRB1*1502 and HLA-DRB5*01 were 3.2 (95%CI: 1.103-9.287). The OR of HLA-DRB1*1201 was 0.305 (95% CI: 0.117-0.798), OR of HLA-DRB3*01 was 0.214 (95% CI: 0.077- 0.592). The PAR (population attributable rate) of HLA-DRB1*1502 and HLA-DRB%*01 were 42.64%. While confounding variables were analyzed, only allele HLA-DRB1*1502 was significant, OR 4.9 (95% CI: 1.234-15.617), the probability was 70.57%.Conclusion: HLA-DRB1*1502 is an allele is a risk factor for the conversion of sputum smear positive after 2 months of treatment.Keywords: Tuberculosis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Di Indonesia hasil pengobatan tuberkulosis paru belum optimal. Penyebab kekurangberhasilan pengobatan ini belum diketahui, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan faktor imunogenetika. Penelitian bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan faktor HLADRBdengan kesembuhan klinis, dalam hal ini terjadinya konversi BTA pasca 2 bulan pengobatan dengan strategi DOTS.Metoda: Rancangan penelitian adalah nested case control, pada penderita baru tuberkulosis paru dengan pemeriksaan sputum BTA positif yang mendapat pengobatan strategi DOTS selama 2 bulan. Jenis alel (HLA-DRB) yang ditemukan dengan pemeriksaan PCR dinyatakan sebagai variabel paparan, variabel efek adalah hasil pemeriksaan sputum (BTA) dengan pengecatan Ziehl Neelsen yangditeruskan dengan tes Niacin pasca 2 bulan pengobatan. Sebagai variabel perancu ditetapkan BMI dan jenis kelamin. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung rasio odds dengan chi-square dan regresi logistik.Hasil: Jumlah sampel 73, diperoleh dari 158 penderita baru berobat jalan yang diikuti selama 2 bulan, terdiri dari 34 kasus (BTA tetap positif pasca 2 bulan pengobatan) dan 39 kontrol (BTA menjadi negatif). Penelitian dilakukan di BP4, 12 puskesmas dan RSUD di Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian adalah besar risiko (OR) HLA-DRB1*1502 dan HLA-DRB5*01 untuk tidak terjadinya konversi BTA 3,2 (95% CI: 1,103-9,287). Alel HLA-DRB1*1201 dan alel HLA-DRB3*01 merupakan alel yang bersifat protektifdengan OR 0,305 (95% CI: 0,117-0,798), sedangkan HLADRB3*01 dengan OR 0,214 (95% CI: 0,077-0,592). PAR untuk alel HLADRB1* 1502 dan HLA-DRB5*01 sebesar 42,64%. Apabila variabel perancu dimasukkan dalam analisis, maka hanya alel HLA-DRB1*1502 yang secara signifikan merupakan faktor risiko untuk tidak terjadinya konversi BTA pasca 2 bulan awal pengobatan dengan strategi DOTS. OR 4,9 (95% CI:1,234-15,617). Probabilitas untuk HLA-DRB1*1502 adalah sebesar 70,57%.Simpulan: Alel HLA-DRB1*1502 merupakan faktor risikountuk tidak terjadinya konversi BTA pasca 2 bulanpengobatan, dengan probabilitas cukup besar.

Homosistein Plasma dan Perubahan Skor Fungsi Kognitif pada Pasien Pasca Stroke Iskemik Agus Yudawijaya; Endang Kustiowati; Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTPlasma homocysteine and cognitive function score change in post ischemic stroke patients Background: Increase of total homocysteine level is a strong risk factor for cerebrovascular disorder and is correlated with decrease of performance in sort of cognitive tests, including mini mental state examination (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT). The aim of this study was to prove the correlation between plasma homocysteine level and change in cognitive function score in postischemic stroke patients. Methods: The design was cross-sectional. The subjects were post-ischemic stroke patients, treated at B1-ward Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang from January-June 2010. Plasma homocysteine levels were measured on the first week post onset of ischemic stroke using venous blood at GAKI Laboratory Dr. Kariadi Hospital and cognitive function score was examined using MMSE and CDT on the first and 12th week post onset. Datas were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Spearman’s rho correlation test. Results: Of 30 patients, there were 13 patients with homocysteinemia (43.3%) and 17 with hyperhomocysteinemia (56.7%). There was significant difference of MMSE and CDT score decrease in the first and 12th post onset, with p=0.000 and p=0.001 respectively. Spearman’s rho showed correlation between plasma homocysteine level and cognitive function score based on MMSE with r=-0.837; p=0.000, and based on CDT with r=-0.655; p=0.000. Conclusions: There is strong negative correlation between plasma homocysteine level and change in cognitive function score on the first week post onset of ischemic stroke. Keywords: Homocysteine level, cognitive function score, post-ischemic stroke ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Peningkatan kadar homosistein plasma merupakan faktor risiko kuat terjadinya penyakit serebrovaskuler dan dihubungkan dengan penurunan performa sederet tes-tes kognitif, termasuk MMSE (mini mental state examination) dilengkapi oleh CDT (clock drawing test). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan hubungan antara homosistein plasma dengan perubahan skor fungsi kognitif pada pasien pasca stroke iskemik. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional, pasien pasca stroke iskemik dirawat di Bangsal B1 Saraf RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang mulai Januari 2010 sampai Juni 2010. Pemeriksaan homosistein plasma dilakukan pada I minggu pasca onset stroke iskemik menggunakan darah vena di Laboratorium GAKI RSUP Dr. Kariadi dan pemeriksaan skor fungsi kognitif dengan tes MMSE dan CDT dilakukan pada I dan XII minggu pasca onset stroke iskemik. Data di analisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho. Hasil: Didapatkan homosisteinemia pada 13 orang (43,3%) dan hiperhomosisteinemia pada 17 orang (56,7%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna penurunan skor MMSE dan CDT pada I dan XII minggu pasca onset stroke iskemik dengan nilai p=0,000 dan p=0,001. Uji korelasi Spearman’s rho, menunjukkan koefisien korelasi homosistein plasma dengan skor fungsi kognitif berdasarkan MMSE adalah r=-0,837; p=0,000, sedangkan berdasarkan skor CDT adalah r=-0,655; p=0,000. Simpulan: Didapatkan adanya hubungan kuat dan negatif antara homosistein plasma dengan perubahan skor fungsi kognitif pada I minggu pasca onset stroke iskemik.

Asupan Mikronutrien, Kadar Hemoglobin dan Kesegaran Jasmani Remaja Putri Citta Cendani; Etisa Adi Murbawani
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTMicronutrient intake, hemoglobin levels and physical fitness amongst female adolescentsBackground: Female adolescents is a group that is suspectible to anemia. Iron, zinc, copper, folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intake are factors among others that influence hemoglobin level. People with anemia would have the low physical fitness. The objective of this study was to understand the association between micronutrient intake (iron, zinc, copper, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12) with hemoglobin level, and hemoglobin level with physical fitness of female adolescents.Method: The design of this study was a cross sectional and the number of subject were 40 chosen by simple random sampling from 10th and 11th grade students that fulfill the inclusion criteria. Data on nutrients intake were obtained using semi quantitative food frequencies. The hemoglobin level was measured by cyanmethaemoglobin method, whereas physical fitness level was measured byharvard step test.Results: There were 32 subjects (80%) categorized as having very low and low from physical fitness. There were 10 subjects (25%) anemic. Eight subjects had low from physical fitness. There were significant associations between iron, zinc, copper, folic acid and vitamin B6 intake with hemoglobin level. There were no significant association between vitamin B12 with hemoglobin level.Regression analysis showed that iron intake contributed 67.7% variant to hemoglobin level. There were no significant association between hemoglobin level with physical fitness after controlled by nutritional status and physical activity.Conclusion: Intake of Fe, Zn, Cu, folic acid and B6 are associated with hemoglobin level, but hemoglobin level is not associated with physical fitness.Keyword: Female adolescents, physical fitness, hemoglobin, iron, zinc, copper, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Remaja putri merupakan golongan yang rawan terhadap anemia. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya anemia diantaranya adalah asupan mikronutrien seperti besi, seng, tembaga, folat, vitamin B6, vitamin B12. Seseorang yang mengalami anemia dapat memiliki tingkat kesegaran jasmani yang kurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan mikronutrien (besi, seng, tembaga, folat, vitamin B6, vitamin B12) dengan kadar hemoglobin dan hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan kesegaran jasmani remaja putri.Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah subyek 40 dipilih secara simple random sampling dari kelas X dan XI yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data asupan diperoleh dengan semi quantitative food frequencies. Kadar Hb diukur dengan metodecyanmethaemoglobin, sedangkan tingkat kesegaran jasmani diukur dengan metode harvard step test.Hasil: Sebanyak 32 subyek (80%) termasuk dalam kategori tingkat kesegaran jasmani sangat kurang sampai kurang. Sebanyak 10 subyek (25%) termasuk dalam kategori anemia. Sebanyak 8 subyek diantaranya memiliki tingkat kesegaran jasmani kurang. Ada hubungan antara asupan besi, seng, tembaga, folat, vitamin B6 dengan kadar hemoglobin. Analisis data dengan uji regresi didapatkan bahwa 67,7% kadar hemoglobin dapat dijelaskan oleh asupan zat besi. Tidak ada hubungan antara asupan vitamin B12 dengan kadar hemoglobin. Tidak ada hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kesegaran jasmani setelah dikontrol dengan status gizi dan aktivitas fisik .Simpulan: Asupan Fe, Zn, Cu, asam folat dan B6 berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin, namun kadar hemoglobin tidak berhubungan dengan kesegaran jasmani

Penilaian Fungsi Pribadi dan Sosial Sebelum dan Sesudah Mendapat Pengobatan pada Penderita Gangguan Jiwa Korban Pemasungan Alifiati Fitrikasari; Titis Hediati
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTAssessment of personal and social function in shackled mentally disorders patients before and after treatmentBackground: The deprivation of people suspected of suffering from psychiatric disorders is an act contrary to human rights. Action deprivation is a common practice in developing countries, including Indonesia. The absence of regulations, low levels of education, lack of understanding of the symptoms of psychiatric disorders, as well as economic limitations are factors determining the emergence of shackled events. The objective of this study is to know the differences in the level of personal ability and social function in persons being deprived of their life before and after treatment at the Mental Hospital (RSJ).Method: The study was an observational study conducted in Pekalongan, Pati, Jepara, Salatiga, and Blora, Central Java, which aimed to find out the level of social and personal values in patients with mental disorders being deprived. The method used was done to 27 shackled cases with the scale of the personal and social performance (PSP scale).Results: There were 21 men (77.7%) and 6 women (22.3%), and almost all were diagnosed as schizophrenia. All of them are from poor families. The period of restraint ranged from 8 months to 27 years. Based on PSP scale, 19 cases (70.4%) had a low value and as many as 8 cases (29.6%) were categorized as having better value. There was improvement in PSP scale of every case after being treated.Conclusion: Medical treatment improve the value of the PSP. Thus deprivation, bedside inhumane is also depriving mentally ill persons for having better quality of life.Keywords: Shackled, stocks, schizophrenia, PSP scaleABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pemasungan terhadap orang yang diduga mengidap gangguan kejiwaan merupakan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan HAM. Tindakan pemasungan merupakan gejala yang umum ditemukan di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Ketiadaan aturan hukum, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, keterbatasan pemahaman terhadap gejala gangguan kejiwaan, serta keterbatasan ekonomi merupakan faktor yang mendeterminasi munculnya kejadian pasung. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasi awal yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Pekalongan, Pati, Jepara, Salatiga, Rembang, dan Blora Jawa Tengah yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan nilai sosial dan pribadi pada penderita gangguan jiwa yang mengalami pemasungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kemampuan fungsi pribadi dan sosial pada penderita jiwa yang mengalami pemasungan sebelum dan setelah dirawat di rumah sakit jiwa (RSJ) pada penderita yang dipasung dalamwilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah pemeriksaan fungsi pribadi dan sosial yang dilakukan terhadap 27 orang penderitagangguan jiwa yang di pasung dengan skala personal and social performance (PSP). Data disajikan secara deskriptif dan uji beda pada skala PSP sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan.Hasil: Didapatkan 21 pria (77,7%) dan 6 wanita (22,3%) dan hampir semua terdiagnosis sebagai skizofrenia. Semuanya berasal dari keluarga miskin. Masa pengekangan berkisar dari 8 bulan sampai 27 tahun. Didapatkan sebanyak 19 kasus (70,4%) yang mempunyai nilai PSP yang buruk dan sebanyak 8 kasus (29,6%) yang mempunyai nilai PSP sedang. Didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada nilai PSP saat pasung dan setelah dirawat di RSJ.Simpulan: Pengobatan dapat memperbaiki nilai PSP, dengan demikian pemasungan selain merendahkan martabat manusia, menghilangkan kesempatan penderita gangguan jiwa untuk memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik.

Asupan Lemak dan Ekspresi Gen eNOS3 Alel Glu298Asp pada Penderita Hipertensi Etnik Minangkabau Delmi Sulastri; Lipoeto NI; Nasrul Zubir; Jamsari Jamsari
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTIntake of fat and Gen eNOS3 Alel Glu298Asp expression in hypertensive Minangkabau personsBackground: eNOS 3 gene is one of the important genes which is related to the high prevalence of hypertension essensial. This gene expresses the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme which regulates the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in human body.Methods: A research has been done on hypertensive and normotensive patients aged 30-65 years old. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the association of fat intake on eNOS3 gene Glu298Asp allel expression in hypertension subjects in Minangkabau ethnicity. One hundred thirty subjects had been interview about their eating habits, and measured their omega-3, eNOS3 gene and NO plasma level. The data were analysed with t-tes and chi-square.Results: The hypertensive’s plasma NO concentration was 26.91±15.40 μM/L and normotensive’s was 25.79±15.04 μM/L. 52.5% of the hypertensive subjects and 47.5% of the normotensive has eNOS3 gene heterozygotes GT allele. Mean rates for total fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA consumption of hypertensive subjects are 28.05±6.57%, 12.31±4.21%, 4.21±1.79%, 3.77±1.97% and normotensive are 30.14±13.98%, 12.58±4.22%, 4.40±2.22%, 4.00±1.96%. Mean rate for plasma omega-3 concentration of hypertensive subjects is 14.45±0.10μg/dL and normotensive is 14.49±1.00 μg/dL. There is significant relationship between omega-3 with NO plasma level on hypertension with GT heterozygote alleles.Conclusion: In hypertensive patients with GT heterozygote alleles, only omega-3 plasma is associated with NO2 plasma.Keywords: Essensial hipertension, eNOS3 gene, NO plasma levelABSTRAKLatar belakang: Gen eNOS3 alel Glu298Asp merupakan salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi esensial. Kemampuan Gen eNOS3 alel ini untuk mensintesis enzim nitric oxide synthase (NOS) berkurang sehingga sintesis nitric oxide (NO) menurun.Metode: Penelitian pada subyek hipertensi dan normotensi berusia 30-65 tahun bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan asupan lemak dengan ekspresi gen eNOS3 alel Glu298Asp. Seratus tiga puluh subyek, diwawancara pola makannya lalu dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar omega-3 dan omega-6 plasma, gen eNOS3, serta kadar NO plasma. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan chi-square.Hasil: Kadar NO plasma subyek hipertensi adalah 26,91±15,40 μM/L dan normotensi 25,79±15,04 μM/L. 52,5% subyek hipertensi dan 47,5% normotensi mempunyai polimorfisme gen eNOS3 alel heterozigot GT. Rerata persentase asupan lemak total, ALJ, ALTJT, ALTJG pada subyek hipertensi adalah 28,05±6,57%, 12,31±4,21%, 4,21±1,79%, 3,77±1,97% dan pada subyek normotensi adalah 30,14±13,98%, 12,58±4,22%, 4,40±2,22%, 4,00±1,96%. Rerata kadar omega-3 plasma subyek hipertensi adalah 14,45±0,10 μg/dL dan normotensi 14,49±1,00 μg/dL. Terdapat hubungan kadar omega-3 dengan NO plasma pada penderita hipertensi dengan alel heterozigot GT.Simpulan: Pada penderita hipertensi dengan alel heterozigot GT, hanya omega-3 plasma yang berhubungan dengan kadar NO2 plasma.

Emping Garut (Maranta arundinacea Linn) sebagai Makanan Ringan dan Kadar Glukosa Darah, Angiotensin II Plasma serta Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) Dwi Novitasari; Sunarti Sunarti; Arta Farmawati
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTConsumption of crispy arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea Linn), blood glucose and angiotensin II level, and blood pressure in type 2 diabetesBackground: The mortality of DM caused by cardiovascular complication is about 75% can be reduce by using food with lowglycemic index. The level of fiber consumption on DM sufferers is low (12.08±3.80 gr/day). Crispy arrowroot has 14 glycemic index. The purpose of this study is to know the influence of crispy arrowroot giving to the fasting plasma glucose, angiotensin II rate and blood pressure and also to study the correlation between angiotensin II and blood pressure before and after the giving of crispy arrowroot.Method: This research used quasi-experimental design of pre and post test one group design, the subjects were 14 DMT2 female sufferers (35 to 60 years old), the length of suffering from DM was 1 year, and used insulin therapy. The giving of crispy arrowroot was 20 gr/day for four weeks. The determination of fasting blood glucose rate used colorimetry, angiotensin II rate used ELISA sandwich method and blood pressure used spignomanometer. The data analysis used paired t test and regression test.Results: Consumption of crispy arrowroot does not increase fasting blood sugar (p=0.551), or decrease angiotensin II (p=0.550), and systolic-diastolic blood pressure (psystolic=0.518; pdiastolic=0.216). Conclusion: Crispy arrowroot of 20 g/day for 4 weeks does not give any benefit to DM type 2 patients.Keywords: Crispy arrowroot, blood glucose, angiotensin II, hypertensionABSTRAKLatar belakang: Angka kematian penderita DM karena komplikasi kardiovaskular sekitar 75%. Upaya mengurangi komplikasi tersebut dapat menggunakan makanan dengan indeks glikemik rendah. Tingkat konsumsi serat penderita DM relatif rendah yaitu sekitar 12,08±3,80 gr/hari. Umbi garut mempunyai indeks glikemik 14 sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai makanan fungsional penderita DM. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian makanan ringan emping garut terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP), angiotensin II dan tekanan darah serta mengkaji hubungan antara angiotensin II dan tekanan darah sebelum dan setelah pemberian emping garut pada penderita DMT2.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimental pre and post test one group design, subyek penelitian 14 wanita (35-60 tahun) penderita DMT2, lama DM 1 tahun dan menggunakan insulin. Emping garut sangrai 20 gr/hari diberikan pagi dan sore hari selama 4 minggu. Pengukuran GDP menggunakan metode kolorimetri, angiotensin II ditentukan menggunakan metode ELISA sandwich dan tekanan darah menggunakan spignomanometer. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired t test dan uji regresi.Hasil: Pemberian emping garut tidak meningkatkan GDP (p=0,551) dan tidak menurunkan kadar angiotensin II (p=0,550), serta tekanan sistolik dan diastolik (psistolik=0,518; pdiastolik=0,216).Simpulan: Pemberian emping garut sangrai 20 gr/hari selama 4 minggu pada penderita DM tidak menunjukkan manfaat.

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