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Pengaruh Asap Rokok Terhadap Histopatologi Koklea: Studi pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Bambang Udji Djoko Rianto
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT The effect of cigarette smoke on histopathology of cochleaBackground: Clinical studies have suggested that cigarette smoking associate with hearing loss. Smoke exposure is a risk factor to endothelial disfunction and developing atherosclerosis. Cochlea is a auditory organ that is sensitive to hipoxia condition. Objective this study was to determine the effect of cigarette smoke exposure to histological cochlear integrity.Methods: This was post test only design experimental study, using twenty male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 2 groups. The control group (10 rats) was kept in room free from cigarette smoke, while the experimental group (10 rats) was exposed to tobacco smoke, two cigarette per 1 hour exposure, twice a day, every work day, for 6 months from July 2004-February 2005. The cochlea rats were examined in Patologi Anatomi Laboratory Gadjah Mada University for histopathological examination.Results: There was 1 rat died in each group, and 18 rats (9 control group and 9 experimental group) were still alive. Based on histopathological result, there were abnormality in 7 rats (77.7%) of experimental group while all of control group were normal. This difference is significant statistically with Relatif Risk (RR) was 3.5 (95% CI: 0.66-34.53). The histopathological abnormality were of congestion of capilare, vacuolar degeneration, foam cell and necrosis of hair cells.Conclusion: Tobacco smoke causes histopatological abnormality in cochlear integrity. The relatif risk (RR) of histopathological abnormality on experimental group was 3.5.Keywords: Tobacco smoke, cochlea, stria vascularis, hair cells ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Beberapa studi klinik membuktikan bahwa kebiasaan merokok berhubungan dengan penurunan pendengaran. Paparan asap rokok merupakan faktor risiko terhadap disfungsi endotel yang dapat berkembang menjadi aterosklerosis. Koklea merupakan organ pendengaran yang sensitif terhadap keadaan hipoksia. Penelitian ini membuktikan pengaruh paparan asap rokok terhadap integritas histologis koklea.Metode: Rancang penelitian eksperimental yang digunakan adalah post test only design, dengan sampel sebanyak 20 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol (10 ekor) disimpan di dalam ruangan bebas asap rokok. Kelompok eksperimental (10 ekor) diberi pajanan asap rokok 2 batang rokok per pajanan selama 1 jam, 2 kali sehari, setiap hari kerja selama 6 bulan dari bulan Juli 2004-Februari 2005. Koklea tikus diperiksa secara histopatologi di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Fakulatas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada.Hasil: Dari seluruh sampel didapatkan pada masing-masing kelompok 1 sampel mati, sedangkan 18 ekor tikus yang berhasil hidup sampai akhir masa pajanan (masing-masing kelompok 9 ekor) terdapat kelainan histologi pada 7 (77,7%) ekor tikus kelompok pajanan dengan RR 3,5 (95% CI: 0,66-34,53). Perubahan histopatolgi yang terjadi berupa kongesti pembuluh darah, degenerasi vakuoler, foam cell dan nekrosis sel rambut getar.Simpulan: Asap rokok berpengaruh pada kerusakan integritas histologis koklea. Kerusakan koklea pada kelompok pajanan asap rokok lebih besar dibanding kelompok kontrol dengan risiko relatif/RR sebesar 3,5.

Pengaruh Polifenol Mahkota Dewa Terhadap Proliferasi Sel dan Apoptosis pada Mencit Strain Balb/C yang Diinduksi Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP) Theopilus W. Watuguly; Indranila KS; Pamela Mercy Papilaya; Edi Dharmana
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT The effect of mahkota dewa polyphenol in the cell proliferation and apoptosis in BaP induced Balb/c ratsBackground: The polyphenol of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl) has the potency as antioxidant and anticancer which can handle free radicals, but there has not been extensive research on this. This research is aimed to prove the role of mahkota dewa polyphenol in the cell proliferation inhibition and induct lung carcinogenesis apoptosis in strain Balb/c mice which inducted with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).Methods: Posttest control group design was carried out among 40 strain Balb/c mice sample, aged 1-2 weeks, weighed 20-30 grams, healthy mice condition. All mice were inducted with BaP and then randomized into 2 groups, as control group and the treatment group. The development of the lung tumor was observed by tissue surgery in the 8th, 17th and 26th week. The data collected were AgNORs, and IHC-TUNEL-apoptosis index dying. The data analysis was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, One-way ANOVA, and Post hoc test LSD with significance degree of p<α (0.05).Results: The oral administration of mahkota dewa polyphenol showed significantly decreasing cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis index in treatment group in week 8, 17 and 26 (p=0.000). Carcinogenesis incidence for the treatment group week 8 and 26 were 2.32±0.26 and 3.93±0.46, while for the treatment group were 1.88±0.38 and 0.88±0.22 (p=0.000). The cell proliferations for control group week 8 and 26 were 1.57±0.12 and 2.29±0.15, while for the treatment group were 1.53±0.11 and 1.60±0.04 (p=0.000). Apoptosis index for the control group for week 8 was 0.00±0.00 and 0.92±0.22 in week 26, while the treatment group was 1.12±0.71 and 2.02±1.05 (p=0.000).Conclusion: The administration of mahkota dewa polyphenol effectively inhibited the cell proliferation activity and increased apoptosis measured by apoptosis index. Therefore polyphenol has anticancer and antioxidant activities which can inhibit lung carcinogenesis in Balb/c mice.Keywords: Polyphenol, mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl), apoptosis index, strain Balb/c mice, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Polifenol mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl) berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker yang mampu menangkap radikal bebas, namun belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan peran polifenol mahkota dewa dalam menginhibisi proliferasi sel dan menginduksi apoptosis pada mencit strain Balb/c hasil induksi Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).Metode: Posttest control group design dengan sampel 40 mencit strain Balb/c, umur 1-2 minggu, berat 20-30 g, kondisi mencit sehat. Semua mencit diinduksi BaP kemudian hewan dirandomisasi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan polifenol 50 mg. Perkembangan tumor paru diamati dengan pembedahan jaringan pada minggu ke-8, 17 dan 26. Data dikumpulkan meliputi AgNORs, pengecatan IHC-TUNEL-indeks apoptosis. Analisis data dengan Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, One-way ANOVA, post hoc test LSD dengan derajat kemaknaan p<α (0,05).Hasil: Pemberian oral polifenol mahkota dewa sebesar 50 mg secara bermakna memperlihatkan penurunan insidens karsinogenesis paru, proliferasi sel, protein Bax dan peningkatan indeks apoptosis, protein p53, Bcl-2, ekspresi caspase 3, 8, 9 pada kelompok perlakuan pada minggu ke-8, 17 dan 26 (p=0,000). Insidens karsinogenesis untuk kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8, dan 26 sebesar 2,32±0,26 dan 3,93±0,46, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 1,88±0,38 dan 0,88±0,22 (p=0,000). Proliferasi sel untuk kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8 dan 26 sebesar 1,57±0,12 dan 2,29±0,15, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 1,53±0,11 dan 1,60±0,04 (p=0,000). Indeks apoptosis pada kelompok kontrol minggu ke-8 sebesar 0,00±0,00 dan 0,92±0,22 minggu ke-26, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan sebesar 1,12±0,71 dan 2,02±1,05 (p=0,000).Simpulan: Pemberian polifenol mahkota dewa efektif meng-inhibisi proliferasi sel dan menginduksi apoptosis melalui peningkatan indeks apoptosis. Jadi polifenol mahkota dewa memiliki aktivitas antikanker dan antioksidan mampu menghambat karsinogenesis paru mencit Balb/c.

Serum Serotonin Levels among Homosexual and Heterosexual Men Santoso Santoso; Lusiana Batubara
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT Background: Variations in sexual preferences and orientations have both proximate and ultimate causes. Serotonin (5-HT) system is a key in the regulation of reward-related behaviors, from eating, drinking to sexual activity. Recent study demonstrated that a serotonin level is involved in sexual preference in rodent as animal models. This study focuses on the profile of serotonin levels from blood among homosexual compared to heterosexual men.Methods: Eight adult (34.5±7.69) homosexual men were purposively collected from homosexual communities in Surabaya, as well thirteen adult (27.61±5.14) heterosexual men from Semarang. Complete psychological examinations were done, then serum serotonin levels were measured using ELISA. Furthermore age and Zung-self-rating depression scale were cross matched, then serum serotonin levels were tested using Mann-Whitney U Test to determine the difference of serotonin levels among two groups.Results: Our data demonstrated that 25% of homosexual men suffered from depression. There was no difference on serum serotonin levels among homosexual men compared to heterosexual men (p=0.41).Conclusion: There is no significant difference on serum serotonin levels among homosexual and to heterosexual men.Keywords: Sexual preferences, homosexual, heterosexual, serotonin, depressionABSTRAKKadar serum serotonin pada laki-laki homoseksual dan heteroseksualLatar belakang: Variasi dalam preferensi dan orientasi seksual memiliki beberapa faktor penyebab. Serotonin (5-HT) merupakan kunci dalam pengaturan perilaku mulai dari makan, minum sampai aktivitas seksual. Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa kadar serotonin memiliki peran dalam penentuan preferensi seksual pada tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serotonin darah pada laki-laki homoseksual dan heteroseksual.Metode: Delapan laki-laki homoseksual dewasa secara purposif (34,5±7,69 tahun) diambil dari komunitas homoseksual di Surabaya dan 13 laki-laki heteroseksual dari Semarang (27,61±5,14 tahun), kemudian dilakukan skrining tanda depresi dengan menggunakan Zung-self-rating depression scale. Kadar serotonin serum diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U untuk melihat perbedaan kadar serotonin serum pada kedua kelompok.Hasil: 25% laki-laki homoseksual mengalami depresi, dan tidak ada perbedaan kadar serotonin pada serum laki-laki homoseksual maupun heteroseksual (p=0.41).Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kadar serotonin serum laki-laki homoseksual dengan heteroseksual.

Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Perspektif Kemandirian Fakultas Kedokteran Swasta: Studi Kasus pada Medical Educational Unit (MEU) Affandi Affandi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT The management of human resource in relation to private medical school independency: case study of medical educational unitsBackground: Most of the weaknesses of private medical schools in Indonesia are due to inappropriateness in the management of human resources. Medical Educational Unit (MEU) can be used to evaluate its role in the management of human resource. There is no information about what aspects of management in human resources have been implemented by MEU.Objection: To analyze the implementation of aspects contributed to the management of human resources by MEU.Method: This is a qualitative study to assess the implementation of the management of human resources in MEU. Data collected by in depth interview, observations, and document analysis in 4 (four) private medical schools in West Java. Data analysis was done by using koding, categorization and description.Results: The compensations for human resources in private Medical Schools in West Java is still inappropriate. Based on observations in the perspective of self-directing, self-motivating, self-regulating, self-supporting, self-assessing, and self-decision, this study showed the weaknesses in self-motivating, which can be seen in low level of achievement drive, commitment, inisiative, and optimism. Besides, there was no optimalization in the usefulness of information system technology.Conclusions and Suggestions: The perspective of to be autonomous in private medical schools in the aspects of MEU is still inappropriate. Therefore, the management of human resources in MEU is still to be increased.Keywords: MEU, Fakultas Kedokteran, ManajemenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Lemahnya kemandirian Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) Swasta di Indonesia umumnya berkaitan dengan lemahnya manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Salah satu aspek dalam manajemen pendidikan yang dapat dijadikan tolok ukur adalah peran Unit Pendidikan Kedokteran (Medical Education Unit/MEU) yang sudah dimiliki oleh setiap FK di Indonesia. Belum diketahui bagaimana manajemen SDM diimplementasikan oleh MEU.Tujuan: Menganalisis implementasi aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi terhadap manajemen SDM di MEU.Metode: Merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen pada MEU di 4 FK Swasta di Jawa barat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil: Aspek kompensasi pada manajemen sumber daya manusia di FK Swasta di Jawa Barat masih kurang dari memadai. Ditinjau dari perspektif kemandirian perguruan tinggi swasta, yaitu dari aspek self-directing, self-motivating, self-regulating, self-supporting, self-assessing, dan self-decision, maka hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh adalah aspek self-motivating masih kurang memadai, hal ini terlihat dari tingkat achievement drive, komitmen, inisiatif dan tingkat optimisme yang dapat dikategorikan belum memuaskan. Penggunaan teknologi sistem informasi untuk mendukung proses pendidikan juga belum dilaksanakan secara optimal.Simpulan dan Saran: Perspektif kemandirian FK swasta dilihat dari aspek MEU masih sangat kurang, hal ini terlihat dari rendahnya tingkat achievement drive, komitmen, inisiatif maupun tingkat optimisme. Oleh karena itu, kemandirian FK swasta

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L), Terhadap Parameter Histopatologi Radang Kronik dan Ekspresi Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Studi Eksperimental Laboratorik pada Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis pada Tikus Wistar Andika Eka Herlina; Indra Wijaya; Noor Wijayahadi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT The effect of Psidium guajava juice on the histopathologic chronic inflammation parameter and expression of vascular endothelial growth factorBackground: Poliphenol compound and vitamin C in Psidium guajava L has antioxidant, antiinflammation, and antiangiogenic effect. These effects work by inhibiting cytokine, MMP, and VEGF expression. Effects in chronic inflammation histopathological parameter and angiogenic component (VEGF) is not yet known. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of Psidium guajava L juice on histopathological parameter of chronic inflammation (the depth of cartilage destruction, amount of mononuclear cell, amount of capillary vessel) and VEGF expression in adjuvant-induced arthritis Wistar rats.Methods: It was an laboratory experimental with post test only control group design. Two groups of male Wistar rat, aged 3-4 month, were induced with CFA 0,1 ml twice. After booster on the seventh day, control group was given aquadest, and another group was given Psidium guajava L juice 9 g/15 ml per day, divided into 3 doses for 14 days. Histopathological parameter evaluation and VEGF expression was done in 10 fields view. All data were analysed by T-Test, with level of significant p≤0.05.Result: The amount of mononuclear cell (p=0.000) and capillary vessel (p=0.000) in P group is significantly fewer than K group. The amount of capillary vessel with positive VEGF expression (p=0.138) and size of depth in cartilage destruction (p=0.120) shows no significance difference between two groups. Conclusion: Psidium guajava L juice shows a lowering effect on histopathological parameter of chronic inflammation and VEGF expression in adjuvant-induced arthritis Wistar rats.Keywords: Psidium guajava L, histopathology of chronic inflammation in arthritis, VEGF expressionABSTRAKLatar belakang: Senyawa polifenol dan vitamin C dalam buah Psidium guajava L memiliki efek antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan antiangiogenik. Ketiga efek ini bekerja melalui penghambatan terhadap sitokin inflamasi, MMP, dan ekspresi VEGF. Efek terhadap parameter histopatologi radang kronik dan komponen angiogenesis (VEGF) pada arthritis belum diketahui. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh jus Psidium guajava L terhadap parameter histopatologi radang kronik berdasarkan ukuran kedalaman destruksi tulang rawan oleh panus, jumlah sel radang mononuklear, jumlah pembuluh darah kapiler dan ekspresi VEGF jaringan sendi adjuvant-induced arthritis tikus Wistar.Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain post test only control group. Tikus Wistar jantan usia 3-4 bulan dibagi 2 kelompok, diinduksi CFA 0,1 ml 2 kali. Setelah hari ke-7 booster, kontrol diberi aquades, perlakuan diberi jus Psidium guajava L 9 g/15 ml per hari dibagi dalam 3 dosis selama 14 hari. Penilaian parameter histopatologi radang kronik dan ekspresi VEGF dilakukan manual dalam 10 lapangan pandang. Dilakukan uji beda T-Test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p≤0,05.Hasil: Pada ukuran kedalaman destruksi tulang rawan, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara K dengan P (p=0,120). Jumlah sel radang mononuklear P lebih sedikit secara bermakna dibandingkan K (p=0,000). Jumlah pembuluh darah kapiler P lebih sedikit secara bermakna dibandingkan K (p=0,000). Jumlah pembuluh darah dengan ekspresi VEGF positif tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara K dengan P (p=0,138).Simpulan: Pemberian jus jambu biji (Psidium guajava L) berpengaruh memperbaiki beberapa parameter radang kronik pada tikus Wistar yang mengalami arthritis.

Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Kwesioner Etiologi dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Nasofaring Awal Prasetyo; Bambang Hariwiyanto; Mohammad Hakimi; Soenarto Sastrowijoto
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT Validity and reliability tests on questionnaires designed for etiology and risk factors of nasopharynx cancerBackground: The etiology and risk factors of NPC is a combination of multi-risk factors of genetic history, lifestyle, environmental exposure, and EBV infection. Currently, there is no publication about NPC’s questionnaire. This study analyzed the reliability and validity of the questionnaire of NPC’s etiology and risk factors.Methods: The cross-sectional study of the questionnaires of NPC’s etiology and risk factors were filled by the used-tryout samples i.e NPC sufferers and their family members, in April to August 2012. The study were done at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Kariadi & St. Elisabeth Hospitals Semarang. There are three main constructs, namely; genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure. The 74 filled-questionnaires were tested by correlation analysis of product moment for the validity, and the reliability tests conducted with Cronbach's Alpha. The data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows version 17.0.Results: A test for risk family history constructs were valid (p>0.932) and reliabel (Cronbach's Alpha=0.864). A test for lifestyle with a Pearson Correlation were p>0.785 for smoking habit, eating salted fish p>0.793, eating grilled-fish p>0.862, eating pickled p>0.831, drinking alcohol p>0.760, instant noodle p>0.497, food preservation p>0.495, food contains MSG p>0.627, with Cronbach's Alpha>0.751. A test for environmental exposure risk were valid for the exposure to passive cigarette smoke (p>0.486) Cronbach's Alpha=0.789,the exposure of the home environment p>0.658 Cronbach's Alpha=0.832, exposure-related jobs p>0.373 Cronbach's Alpha=0.697, and chronic nasopharingitis are all valid (p>0.900) with Cronbach's Alpha=0851.Conclusions: The questionnaires designed as a tool of NPC’s etiology and risk factors are valid and reliable.Keywords: Validity, realibility, questionnaires, NPC’s etiology and risk factorsABSTRAKLatar belakang: Etiologi dan faktor risiko KNF merupakan kombinasi risiko riwayat genetik, gaya hidup, paparan lingkungan, dan infeksi EBV. Saat ini, belum ada publikasi tentang kwesioner KNF. Penelitian ini membuktikan validitas dan reliabilitas alat ukur kwesioner etiologi dan faktor risiko KNF.Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional terhadap hasil pengisian kwesioner etiologi dan faktor risiko KNF yang diisi oleh sampel tryout terpakai, yaitu penderita KNF dan anggota keluarganya, pada April - Agustus 2012, di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang dan RS St. Elisabeth Semarang. Kwesioner berdasar pada tiga konstruk utama, yaitu risiko genetik, risiko kebiasaan/gaya hidup, dan risiko paparan lingkungan. Sebanyak 74 kwesioner dilakukan uji validitas dengan analisis korelasi product moment, serta uji reliabilitas Cronbach's Alpha. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS for Windows version 17.0.Hasil: Uji konstruk risiko riwayat keluarga didapatkan valid (p>0,932) dan reliabel (Cronbach's Alpha=0,864). Uji konstruk risiko gaya hidup dengan Pearson Correlation didapatkan p>0,785 untuk subkonstruk kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan makan ikan asin p>0,793, kebiasaan makan ikan/daging asap/bakar p>0,862, kebiasaan makan asinan p>0,831, kebiasaan minum alkohol p>0,760, kebiasaan makan mie instan p>0,497, kebiasaan makan makanan awetan p>0,495, kebiasaan makanan mengandung MSG p>0,627, Cronbach's Alpha=0,751. Uji konstruk risiko paparan lingkungan didapatkan valid untuk subkonstruk paparan pasif asap rokok (p>0,486), Cronbach's Alpha=0,789, paparan lingkungan rumah p>0,380, Cronbach's Alpha=0,713, paparan yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan p>0,373 Cronbach's Alpha=0,697, infeksi nasofaringitis kronik semuanya valid (p>0,900), Cronbach's Alpha=0,851.Simpulan: Kwesioner yang diuji sebagai alat ukur untuk menggali etiologi dan faktor risiko KNF layak dipergunakan karena valid dan reliabel

Tempe Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L) dan Pengendalian Glikemi: Studi pada tikus Sprague Dawley yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin Ch. Retnaningsih; Darmono Darmono; Budi Widianarko; Fatimah Muis
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTVelvet bean tempe and glycemic control in streptozotocin induced Sprague Dawley ratsBackground: Modern treatment combined with functional food rich in antioxidants show the considered to control glycemic status. Such functional food is velvet bean tempe (VBT) rich in flavonoids. The study aimed to analyze the effect of the velvet bean tempe on glycemic control i.e. the blood glucose levelMethods: A randomized controlled group pre test-post test design using 50 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 2-3 months was carried out for 30 days. The rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups: negative control (C-), positive control (C+), streptozotocin (STZ)+10%VBT, STZ+20% VBT, STZ+30% VBT. Data were analyzed with paired T test, one-way Anova and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. Analysis of blood glucose levels used with super glucocard II test meter, and for C peptide levels ELISA was used.Result: Supplementation of VBT 20% and VBT10% reduced the level of blood glucose until 46.1% and improve the level of C peptide until 44,3±8,3 pg/ml respectively.Conclusion: Velvet bean tempe has the potency as functional food to help controlling glycemic status.Keywords: Velvet bean tempe, glycemic control, streptozococinABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pengobatan modern dikombinasikan dengan pangan fungsional yang kaya antioksidan dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk memperbaiki status glikemi. Jenis bahan pangan tersebut adalah tempe koro, memiliki banyak senyawa antioksidan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh tempe koro benguk terhadap pengendalian status glikemi pada tikus Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi streptozotocin.Metode: Penelitian randomized pre test-post test control group design, dilakukan menggunakan 50 ekor tikus jantan jenis Sprague Dawley umur 2-3 bulan selama 30 hari yang dibagi kelompok kontrol negatif/C-; positif/ C+; STZ+ tempe koro benguk 10%; STZ+tempe koro benguk 20%; STZ+tempe koro benguk 30%. Dilakukan pemeriksaan glukosa darah menggunakan super glucocard II test meter dan C peptida menggunakan ELISA.Hasil: Asupan tempe koro benguk dalam berbagai dosis menurunkan kadar glukosa hingga 46, 1% dan penurunan terbesar pada tikus yang diberi tempe koro benguk 20%. Selain itu tempe koro benguk dapat meningkatkan kadar C peptida hingga 44,3±8,3 pg/ml, peningkatan terbesar pada tikus yang diberi tempe koro benguk 10%.Simpulan: Tempe koro benguk dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pangan fungsional dalam mengendalikan glikemi pada tikus hiperglikemi.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Phyllanthus niruri Linn Terhadap Infiltrasi Limfosit dan Ekspresi Perforin pada Kanker Kolon Tikus Sprague-Dawley Endang Sawitri; Ign. Riwanto; Tjahjono Tjahjono; Edi Dharmana
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTThe effect of Phyllanthus niruri Linn extract on lymphocytes infiltration and perforin expression in colon cancer of Sprague-Dawley RatBackground: Colon cancer treatment currently involves immunotherapy that aims to improve the quality of life and survival of patients. Phyllanthus niruri Linn (P. niruri L) may act as an immunomodulator, but its potency in antitumor immune responses has not been revealed. The study was conducted to evaluate the differences between the immunological status of rats suffering colon cancer which were not given to those given the extract of P. niruri L.Methods: The study was randomized posttest-only control group design. Samples were 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats, bodyweight 170-220 gr which induced by 1.2 DMH 30 mg/kgBW subcutaneously. On the weeks 9, 11 and 13, four induced rats each week were sacrified to detect the development of colon cancer. On the weeks of 13th all of 4 rats were developed colon cancer, so the induction were stopped. The rest of 18 induced rats were randomly into two groups: without P. niruri L or positive control (K+)=9 rats and given P. niruri L extract 13.5 mg/kg orally or X group=9 rats. After 19th week all of rats were then terminated and tumor lesion of colon were processed hystophatologically. The tissues of colon cancer were stained by H&E for evaluate the lymphocytes infiltration and immunohistochemistry monoclonal antibody anti-perforin for perforin expression. Non pairs t-test was used with considered significant if p<0.05.Results: The mean of lymphocytes infiltration of the group X was 401.89±70.19, it was higher compared to K+ 191.89±50.68 (p=0.000). The mean percentage of perforin expression of group X was 39.00±1.80%, it was higher compared to K+ 23.00± 3.00% (p=0.000). Conclusion: The extract of P. niruri L increases immunologic status through mechanism of lymphocytes infiltration and perforin expression elevation of colon cancer in animal mode.Keywords : Phyllanthus niruri Linn, colon cancer, lymphocytes infiltration, perforinABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penanganan kanker kolon saat ini melibatkan imunoterapi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan survival penderitanya. Phyllanthus niruri Linn bekerja sebagai imunomodulator, tetapi potensinya dalam respons imun antitumor belum banyak diungkap. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan status imunologis antara tikus coba yang menderita kanker kolon yang tidak diberi dengan yang diberi ekstrak P. niruri L.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan randomized posttest-only control group design. Sampel berupa 30 ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan, yang diinduksi 1,2 DMH 30 mg/kgBB subkutan sekali setiap minggu. Pada minggu ke-9, 11 dan 13 masing-masing empat ekor tikus dimatikan untuk melihat perkembangan tumor. Minggu ke-13 pada kolon empat tikus telah tumbuh kanker kolon, sehingga induksi dihentikan dan sisa 18 tikus dirandom alokasi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol positif (K+) tanpa pemberian P. niruri L (9 tikus) dan kelompok diberi P. niruri L. 13,5 mg/kg per hari melalui sonde (9 tikus). Minggu ke-19 semua tikus diterminasi, lesi tumor pada kolon diproses menjadi sediaan histopatologik, kemudian dipulas dengan H&E untuk memeriksa infiltrasi limfosit dan pulasan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi monoklonal anti-perforin untuk melihat ekspresi perforin. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dengan derajat signifikansi p<0,05.Hasil: Rerata jumlah infiltrasi limfosit kelompok X adalah 401,89±70,19 lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok K+ yaitu191,89±50,68 (p=0,000). Persentase rerata ekspresi perforin kelompok X sebesar 39,00±1,80%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan K+ yakni 23,00±3,00% (p=0,000).Simpulan: Ekstrak P. niruri L meningkatkan status imunologi melalui mekanisme peningkatan infiltrasi limfosit dan ekspresi perforin untuk melawan kanker kolon pada tikus coba

Perbandingan Kadar Estrogen Serum dan TGF β-1 Plasma pada Penderita BPH-Non BPH di Atas 50 Tahun dan Usia Muda Eriawan Agung Nugroho; Selamat Budijitno
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACT Comparison of estrogen serum and TGF β-1 plasma levels in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and non BPH patients, among 50-years old and young patients.Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is often found in older men. This disease affects an estimated 70% of men over 60 years, increased by 90% in men over 80 years age. Many scientists tried explores the hypothesis of the mechanism of occurrence of BPH. The purpose of study compared the levels of estrogen and transforming growth factor (TGF) ß-1 in plasma related to the development of BPH, in BPH patients and non-BPH over 50 years and young age.Methods: A clinical analysis study was carried out on subjects who were divided into 3 groups: patients with BPH >50 years, non-BPH >50 years and younger non-BPH aged 30-40 years. T-test was used to analyze the data. Serum estrogen and plasma TGF β-1 were assessed using ELISA method.Results: There was no significant difference (p=0.129) between the level of estrogen in BPH patients >50 years (140.091±43.649) and non BPH patients >50 years (63.69±18.757) but there was a significant difference (p=0.015) between level of plasma TGF ß-1 BPH patients >50 years (10.47±4.507) and non BPH patients >50 years of age (25.8±16.1103). No significant differences (p=0.348) were found between serum estrogen level of non-BPH >50 years (63.69±18.757) and the young age (57.17±10.2748), and between plasma TGF ß-1 non-BPH group >50 years (25.80±16.1103) and the younger age group (31.4±17,576)(p=0.496).Conclusion: There is difference in the level of TGF ß-1 between younger and older age groups. Elderly men are recommended for early prostate examination, because at the age of 50 years there is already a tendency of enlarged prostate gland. Levels of transforming growth factor β-1 can predict prostate enlargement.Keywords: Estrogen, TGF ß-1, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) sering ditemukan pada pria usia lanjut. Penyakit ini terjadi pada 70% pria di atas 60 tahun, dan meningkat hingga 90% pada pria di atas 80 tahun. Banyak ilmuwan mencoba mengetengahkan hipotesis faktor yang berpengaruh terjadinya BPH. Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan tingkat estrogen dan transforming growth factor (TGF) ß-1 dalam plasma terkait pembentukan BPH.Metode: Penelitian klinik analitik dilakukan pada subyek yang dibagi 3 kelompok, pasien dengan BPH >50 tahun, pasien non-BPH berusia >50 tahun dan muda non-BPH berusia 30-40 tahun. Analisis data dengan uji beda kadar estrogen serum dan TGF β-1 plasma ketiga kelompok. Kadar TGF ß-1 dan estrogen diukur dengan metoda ELISA.Hasil: Serum estrogen pasien BPH usia >50 tahun (140,091±43,649) lebih tinggi tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,129) dibandingkan non BPH usia >50 tahun (63,69±18,757). Estrogen serum non-BPH usia >50 tahun (63,69±18,757) dibandingkan usia muda (57,17±10,2748) tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,348). TGF ß-1 plasma pasien BPH usia >50 tahun (10,47±4,507) lebih rendah (p=0,015) dibandingkan pasien non BPH usia >50 tahun (25,8±16,1103). TGF ß-1 plasma kelompok non-BPH >50 tahun (25,80±16,1103) dibandingkan kelompok usia muda (31.04±17,576) tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,496).Simpulan: Ada perbedaan antara tingkat TGF β-1 pada kelompok yang lebih tua. Laki-laki usia tua disarankan lebih dini melakukan pemeriksaan prostat, usia >50 tahun cenderung didapatkan pembesaran kelenjar prostat. Pemeriksaan kadar TGF -1 dapat memprediksi risiko pembesaran kelenjar prostat.

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Journal Mail Official
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INDONESIA