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INDONESIA
Masalah-Masalah Hukum
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25274716     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 762 Documents
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ADVANCING CHILD RIGHTS IN URBAN GOVERNANCE: AN ANALYSIS OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES IN THE CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY INITIATIVE IN INDONESIA Rofi Wahanisa; R. Benny Riyanto; Eko Mukminto; Syahwal Syahwal; Septhian Eka Adiyatma; Uche Nnawulezi
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 54, No 3 (2025): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mmh.54.3.2025.389-408

Abstract

The Child-Friendly City program in Indonesia aims to integrate children's rights into urban governance, promoting safe, inclusive environments for children’s development. Initiated by the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, this program has expanded significantly since its inception in the 2010s. It has gained recognition for establishing child-friendly infrastructure and services such as playgrounds, libraries, and health centers. However, rapid urbanization and climate risks have posed new challenges, prompting the inclusion of children’s participation in urban decision-making. The program is guided by 24 indicators assessing health, education, protection, and participation, categorizing cities into four achievement levels. Despite successes, empirical data from Pemalang Regency reveals a gap between policy aspirations and outcomes, with rising child violence cases indicating ineffective child protection. The study explores the discrepancy between policy formulation and implementation, analyzing institutional barriers such as fragmented governance, inadequate coordination, and resource constraints. Additionally, socio-cultural factors, including the view of child protection as a familial responsibility, further hinder progress. This research employs a non-doctrinal approach, combining legal and field-based analysis to identify these challenges and offer recommendations. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive data systems, enhanced child protection training, and stronger coordination among local actors. By incorporating children’s voices into policy creation and strengthening legal frameworks, the Child-Friendly City program in Pemalang can become a model for broader child-rights realization, ensuring children’s safety, participation, and well-being in urban governance.
INDIGENOUS WOMEN IN THE DRAFT LAW OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: AN APPROACH BASED ON LEGAL NEUTRALITY AND PANCASILA VALUES Rika Saraswati
Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 54, No 3 (2025): MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mmh.54.3.2025.409-430

Abstract

The Draft Law on Indigenous Peoples’ Affairs in Indonesia has sparked significant debate, particularly concerning the protection and recognition of Indigenous women's rights. Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia have long maintained distinct socio-cultural identities, yet continue to face legal challenges, exacerbated by overlapping regulations that often neglect or inadequately address their specific needs, especially the rights of Indigenous women. Although the Indonesian Constitution recognises Indigenous Peoples, the enforcement of their rights remains inconsistent, particularly regarding gender equality. This research compares two versions of the draft law: one proposed by the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) and another drafted by Indigenous Peoples and their coalitions. While both versions aim to recognise Indigenous Peoples legally, they differ significantly in their treatment of Indigenous women’s rights. The DPR’s version fails to adequately address gender equality or the collective rights of Indigenous women. In contrast, the Indigenous Peoples’ version explicitly acknowledges their rights, particularly regarding land and natural resource management. The research highlights the double marginalisation faced by Indigenous women—both within their communities and in broader societal structures. Patriarchal values within Indigenous communities and the state often exclude women from decision-making processes, leaving them vulnerable to violence, poverty, and further marginalisation. The study argues that gender equality must be a core component of the legal framework to empower Indigenous women, ensuring they are recognised as equal participants in their communities and have legal protection to manage their lands and cultural practices. The comparative analysis suggests that the Indigenous Peoples’ version aligns more closely with international human rights standards, especially regarding gender equality. However, challenges remain, such as the exclusion of women from customary decision-making bodies. This research calls for a legal framework that fully incorporates gender equality into Indigenous rights, reflecting the Pancasila values of equality, social justice, and respect for diversity, and ensuring the recognition of Indigenous women as key stakeholders in the preservation of their heritage and rights.

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