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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 42 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020" : 42 Documents clear
Adaptations of Three Cash Crops to Climate Change Eming Sudiana; Edy Yani; Lucky Prayoga; Darsono Darsono; Edy Riwidiharso; Slamet Santoso
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23489

Abstract

Climate change is likely to lead to adaptations among important crop species. Elevational gradients can be used to illustrate the effects of climate change on crop adaptation patterns. The research aimed to determine adaptation patterns in crop species across an elevational (and therefore temperature and humidity) gradient. A factorial design was applied with two factors within a simple Randomized Complete Block Design, wherein the primary factor was elevation (10 – 1,000 m). Three crop species (long bean, common bean, and winged bean) were used as test species. Growth rate and flower number were used as adaptation parameters. The results indicated that these three cash crop species showed different adaptation patterns. Common bean showed the greatest vegetative growth at approximately 600 m in elevation, long bean at 400 m in elevation, and winged bean at 10 m in elevation. The results of this study indicate that the three tested agricultural crops have different adaptation patterns, and these results was the first finding to be published in Indonesia. For agriculture practices, it can be recommended that planting of these cash crops be adapted to the elevation of the planting area. 
Microbial Succession and Chemical Characteristics in Fermentation of Ambonese Arrack (Sopi), Traditional Beverage from Maluku Ferymon Mahulette; Dea Indriani Astuti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23791

Abstract

Ambonese arrack is one of the traditional fermented beverage product in Maluku, Indonesia. The microbiological research of this beverage that is processed using coconut sap as raw material has never been done before. The research aimed to analyze the microbial succession and chemical characteristics during fermentation of Ambonese arrack. The sample of coconut sap was taken from traditional producer in Mahia village, Ambon. The dominant microbes in the fermentation of Ambonese arrack were Pichia polymorpha and Kloeckera javanica. The highest numbers of these two microbes was obtained after 15 hours fermentation (9.6 log Cfu/mL and 9.9 Cfu/mL, respectively). The sugar content decreased from 593.3 mg/L to 474.3 mg/L, whereas ethanol content increased from 0.0018 g/L to 0.0100 g/L. The pH value decreased from 4.70 to 3.10. The research has isolated indigenous microbes in Ambonese arrack fermentation which was considered as novelty. The bacteria that play a role in fermentation can be used as a starter in the fermentation of various beverage products, especially Ambonese arrack. The results of this research can improve the quality of this fermentation product in the future.
Distribution of the Termite Reproductive Castes in Gunungpati, Semarang, Central Java Niken Subekti; Saniaturrohmah Saniaturrohmah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.25391

Abstract

Soil termites play a role as  a primary decomposer in natural forests. These types of termites can   be turned into residential pests as more land use to be plantations, housing, and buildings. This study analyzed the distribution of subterranean termites' reproductive caste, its identification, and environmental factors that influence the development of subterranean termites. The research methods used include distribution analysis using UV flying traps, surveys using  GPS, identification of reproductive castes, and environmental factors including  soil  nutrients,  vegetation analysis, temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, and wind speed. The results showed that the distribution of termites is found throughout the Gunungpati Semarang area. The identification of reproductive caste/alates found was Termitidae. Environmental  factors  that  affect the life of termites in the Gunungpati Semarang area December 2019-January 2020 include the temperature of 27.0-28.4 oC, the humidity of 60.2 -61.2 %, air pressure 950.5-975.0 hPa, soil pH 4.84 - 5.60 and soil moisture 29.7-34.0 %. The vegetation was dominated by the Apocynaceae, Sapindaceae, and  Euphorbiaceae. The highest value of diversity and vegetation index sequentially are Sekaran, Patemon, and Ngijo. It is found that the entire Gunungpati area of Semarang is a suitable habitat  for the growth and development of the Termitidae. The finding will help the authoritative institution to consider Gunungpati as a conservation area.
Effect of Drying Techniques on Nutrition Content and Gross Energy of Nuabosi Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Flour Melania Priska; Natalia Peni; Ludovicus Carvallo; Veronika P. S. M. Wae
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.24184

Abstract

This reseach aimed to determine the proper cassava drying technique to produce suitable flour properties for food product applications. The method used was proximate analysis and calculation of Gross Energy (GE) value. Furthermore, the results of the study were analyzed using the Two Way ANOVA statistical test followed by the real difference test using the Tukey analysis. Results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two drying techniques (α0.05). To get good quality flour in the application of food products made from Nuabosi cassava flour is to use oven drying and sun drying techniques. The novelty of this study is that there has been no previous research on the quality of Nuabosi cassava flour using oven drying and sun drying techniques. The benefit of this research is to support the government in the food diversification program on foods made from Nuabosi cassava flour, where Nuabosi cassava is one of the leading types of food in Ende district.
Effect of Sweetness Level and Amino Acid Composition of Palm Sugar on Feed Intake of Trichoglossus haematodus in Captivity Siti Nuramaliati Prijono; Rini Rachmatika
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.24458

Abstract

Palm sugar solution diets that were offered to the Lorikeets contain  high energy, low protein and rich in amino acids similar to nectar. The major components of palm sugar are sucrose, which has a sweet taste. The Lorikeets  can detect energy-rich from the sweet taste of the feed. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of sweetness level and amino acid composition in palm sugar solution diets on feed intake of T. haematodus. The research method was completely randomized design arranged in a factorial with two factors. The first factor consisted of 4 types of palm sugars, i.e.   aren, coconut, siwalan/palmyra, and nipah sugar with a different degree Brix in 13.5º, 14.0º, 14.5º, and 15.0º Brix.While the second factor consisted of two treatments, with and without the addition of the commercial baby biscuit. The results showed that the feed intake of Siwalan sugar was significantly higher than the other palm sugar solution diets. Siwalan sugar solution diet has high sweetness level, sucrose content and essential amino acid Lysine. This study provides the new information regarding the sweetness level of palm sugar and amino acid composition in the diet that can affect feed intake of T. haematodus. Therefore, this information will help to make a formulation of appropriate diet that meets the nutrient requirements especially amino acid for the birds.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves Powder in Fish Feed Toward Growth Rate and Health of Colossoma macropomum Safrida Safrida; Nonong Noviasyah; Khairil Khairil
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.22655

Abstract

Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is one of freshwater fish that preferred by the community and also in high demand by fish farmers. It has a high selling value and easy to maintain but the growth is slow. One alternative that can be used to improve the fish growth is making rations with the addition of Moringa oleifera leaves. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa leaves powder on the growth rate and health of C. macropomum. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA Test in α =95%. The results showed that P3 with the addition of 30% Moringa leaves powder could increase the growth of Colossoma macropomum. An increase in fish body weight, width, and length was 40.1%, 21.6%, and 6.4% respectively.  Results of ocular, reflex, and defensive test showed that the fish were in healthy condition compared to their condition before acclimatization. The conclusions of this study is that the addition of Moringa leaves powder in an influential ration can increase the growth and maintain the health of C. macropomum. M. oleifera daily supplement can be used as a substitute for soy flour to promote growth and health of Colossoma macropomum in the seed phase. The addition of M. oleifera can be used as feed supplements to improve the growth and health of Colossoma macropomum.
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Theobroma cacao Rumella Simarmata; Tiwit Widowati; Tirta Kumala Dewi; Sylvia J. R. Lekatompessy; Sarjiya Antonius
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.21280

Abstract

Cacao (Theobrama cacao) is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia which has an important role for the national economy. The low productivity of cacao plants in Indonesia is due to the condition of old plants, pests and diseases attacks which affect the quality of the fruit and decrease the plant’s productivity. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify of endophytic bacteria from stem, flower, leaf and fruit of T. cacao by using 16S rRNA gene as genetic marker. Twenty seven endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from local plantation in Yogyakarta area.  From this study, 8 endophytic bacterial strains exhibited the higher PGP traits. The isolates produced Indole Acetic Acid level by 0.3 to 5.21 ppm/hour. All of isolates had nitrogen fixation activity but have not phosphate solubilization activity. Among them, isolates CSDT 4 and CGKBH 4 showed promising potential as PGP bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, those bacterial strains were identified as Brevibacillus brevis (CSDT 4) and Pantoea sp. (CGKBH 4). We propose that the B. brevis and Pantoea sp. which is reported for the first time for their PGP potential in cacao, exerts its beneficial effects on cacao crop through combined of activities. The potential PGP bacteria from the Cacao plant was used to make a specific bio-fertilizer formula for the Cacao plant, because of the different needs and condition that every plant requires.
Raw Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10 in Tapioca Flour Towards Cucumber Damping-off Loekas Soesanto; Hidayatul Ilahiyyah; Endang Mugiastuti; Abdul Manan; Rostaman Rostaman
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.24567

Abstract

Trichoderma harzianum is effective for controlling soil-borne pathogenic fungi and producing secondary metabolites. When applied in the field, the raw secondary metabolites are quickly decreased directly by sunlight. One strategy to avoid degradation is the use of tapioca fluor liquid formula for biological control agents. This research aimed to obtain the most effective concentration of tapioca flour in development of raw secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T10, its effect on damping-off and growth of cucumber. This research was carried out at the screen house and the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University from September 2017 up to January 2018. The study was conducted in two stages, i.e., in vitro and in planta. The in vitro stage used completely randomized design with five repetitions and five treatments consisted of T. harzianum T10 in Potato Dextrose Broth, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2% of tapioca flour media. In in planta, randomized block design was used with five repetitions and six treatments consisted of control, T. harzianum T10 in PDB, and in 0.5; 1; 1.5, and 2% of tapioca flour media. Variables observed were density of conidia, disease incubation period, disease incidence, AUDPC, maximum growth potential, germination ability, plant height, canopy fresh weight, root length, and fresh root weight. Result of the research showed that the highest conidial density (1.23 x 107 conidia mL-1) of T. harzianum T10 was found in 2% tapioca flour with an increase of 63.28% compared to the PDB. The tapioca flour of 1 and 2%, and PDB could suppress the disease incidence by 81.82%. The lowest AUDPC was at 2% tapioca flour. The raw secondary metabolites could not delay the incubation period significantly and increase cucumber plant growth. The novelty is the use of antagonistic fungi in terms of raw secondary metabolites and the discovery of tapioca flour with the right concentration to produce high conidia density and high raw secondary metabolites. The benefits are to find other cheaper ingredients in promoting antagonistic fungal growth and the use of antagonistic fungal bioactive compounds to control plant pathogen
Candida Species Distribution of Clinical Specimens in Banda Aceh, Indonesia Suhartono Suhartono; Wilda Mahdani; Aderiana Masthura; Iman Rusmana
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23758

Abstract

Candidiasis has become increasingly widespread in the community alongside with the developing resistance of Candida sp. to some antifungals. A prevalence study in the present research is required to surveil the distribution of Candida-related infections to administrate the appropriate antifungal treatments. The objective of this research was to determine the species distribution of candidiasis with their antifungal susceptibility isolated from clinical specimens at the Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The clinical specimens were from inpatients and outpatients in the hospital during January to June 2019. The identification of Candida species and antifungal sensitivity assay were conducted by using VITEK® 2 Compact. Of a total of 68 isolates, there were six species of Candida with the highest species prevalence was Candida tropicalis (52.94%). Additionally, the highest prevalence of candidiasis came from urine specimen (54.41%) and mostly from inpatients in the internal medicine unit (54.41%). Candidiasis occurred predominantly in men (58.82%) and during adulthood (55.88%). The antibiogram of Candida sp. shows a high percentage of sensitivity towards some antifungals including fluconazole (100%), voriconazole (100%), caspofungin (100%), micafungin (100%), amphotericin B (99.5%), and flucytosine (100%). From this result, it can be concluded that candidiasis cases in the ZAH Banda Aceh, Indonesia has prevalently occurred with the few antifungal therapies for candidiasis of were still effective empirically and definitively. This is an initial study of Candida prevalence within different clinical samples in Banda Aceh and the study is expected to be a basis for prevention and control of Candida-related infections in the area.
Characterization of Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus Proteases as Potential Rennet Alternatives Andreas Binar Aji Sukmana; Indy Widyaningrum; Rischa Karmila Lani; Sri Kasmiyati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.23516

Abstract

Rennet, a milk coagulant exhibiting proteolytic activity, is a crucial component in cheese industries. Its price and availability have discouraged the growth of some small scale cheese industries. Therefore, an alternative for rennet will be beneficial for the industries. Among other sources, plant proteases offer some advantages as rennet alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential of plant proteases obtained from the latex as potential rennet alternatives. A total of six plants from the genus Ficus and Artocarpus were screened for their proteolytic activity and milk coagulating ability. The screening indicated that all six tested plants displayed proteolytic activity at various levels, but only Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus produced a firm milk curd. Hence, both F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus were determined to be the most potential. Further characterizations suggested that F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus protease were optimum at pH 7.0 also at 50°C and 40°C, respectively. At their optimum conditions, both proteases exhibited a lower MCA/PA ratio than that of the rennet. This study contributed to scientific knowledge development by becoming the first to characterize the optimum conditions of F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus’ proteases, investigate their MCA/PA ratio, and compare their activity against commercial rennet. The examination of their potentials as rennet alternatives could benefit small cheese industries and the communities.

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