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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

ijse
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

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Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 19 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 2 (2013)" : 19 Documents clear

Effect of Concentration of Catalyst (BF3-Diethyl Etherate) on Synthesis of Polyester From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Renita Manurung; Ahmad Rozi Tanjung; Ida Ayuningrum
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) can be used as raw material for synthesis polyester. The aim of this research is to synthesis of polyester and to determine the effect of concentration of catalyst on polymerization methyl ester PFAD. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reaction time 120 minute, reactant ratio 1:8 (PFAD: methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD; polymerization stage was done at temperature 126-132°C, polymerization reaction time 4 hours; variation of concentration of catalyst (BF3-diethyl etherate) 0%, 6.9%, 9.2%, 11.5% (w/w) methyl ester; and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200 oC, reactant ratios (w/w) 1:1 (polymerized ME : ethylene glycol), reaction time 4 hours and all of stage was stirred at 150 rpm. The results showed, in the esterification stage was obtained methyl ester with iodine value 77.29 g I2/100 g, viscosity 6.90 cP, density 859.91 kg/m3 and analysis by using GC-MS showed that the purity of methyl ester was 82.23% and molecular weight 267.97 g/mol. Decreasing in iodine value from 77.29 I2 g/100 g to 74.97-59.99 g I2/100 g indicated that the polymerization process had taken place. In polyesterification stage was obtained light brown colored liquid for concentration of catalyst 0%; viscous, light brown colored liquid for concentration of catalyst 6.9%; and gel polyester, viscous, dark brown colored solid at room temperature for concentration of catalyst 9.2% and 11.5% with acid value from 8.19 to 26.14 mg KOH/g, viscosity from 0.07 to 15.2 P, and molecular weight 288.81 to 1522.07 g/mol which is more suitable for applications of modified polyester. Analysis by using GC showed that the purity of polyester is equal to 65.49%. Keywords— polyester, palm fatty acid distillate, polymerizationconcentration of catalyst,biodegradable polymer

UTILIZATION OF AGARWOOD DISTILLATION WASTE IN OILWELL CEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON FREE WATER AND POROSITY Arina Sauki; Muhammad Hazman Md. Shahid; Ku Halim Ku Hamid; Azlinda Azizi; Siti Khatijah Jamaludin; Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd; Nur Hashimah Alias
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The intent of this research is to utilize the waste produced by distillation process of Agarwood oil and convert it into a profitable oilwell cement additive. Common problem during oilwell cementing is free wáter separation. This problem could weaken cement at the top, gas migration problem and non uniform density of cement slurry that are even worst in cementing deviated well. Another concern on cementing design is the porosity of the hardened cement. If the cement is too porous, it can lead to gas migration and casing corrosion. All tests were conducted according to API Specification-10B. Free water test was determined at different concentrations of Agarwood Waste Additive (AWA), different inclination angles and different temperatures. Based on the findings, it was observed that zero free water was produced when 2% BWOC of AWA was used at all angles. The findings also revealed that AWA can maintain good thermal stability as it could maintain zero free water at increased temperature up to 60˚C. The porosity of AWA cement was comparable with standard API neat cement as the porosity did not differ much at 2% BWOC of AWA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the AWA is suitable to be used as an additive in oil well cement (OWC) with 2% BWOC is taken as the optimum concentration.

Zinc Supplementation Dosage Variations to Metallothionein Protein Level of Rattus Norvegicus Budi Santosa; Hertanto Wahyu Subagyo; Lisyani S; Henna Rya Sunoko
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Zinc is an essential trace element involving in the activity of more than 300 enzymes and proteins of human body. One important role of zinc is to improve metallothionein protein binding heavy metals and functioning as heavy metal detoxification facilities. This research discusses the effect of zinc supplement on the improvement of metallothionein protein level. The in vivo test involving 28 rats categorized in 4 groups was performed. The experiments used randomized post test control group design. The 3 groups were daily supplemented by zinc in th concentration of 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, and 0.8 mg. Whereas, the last group was let without zinc treatment. As an indicator the metallothionein protein level was checked after three weeks. The data was then evaluated by Anova an Bonferroni test in order to know the signicant of protein level difference among the groups. The result showed that the average of metallothionein protein level improved by increasing zinc suppplement with the 0.95 ±0.20; 1.28 ±0.19; 1.39 ±0.09; 1.91 ±0.3 ng/ml metallothionein per 0, 0,2, 0,4, 0,8.mg zinc added. Based on the ANOVA and Bonferroni test, indicated that the improvement was significant as shown with p value of 0.00

Application of Response Surface Methodology in Extraction of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves (Elaeis guineensis) Nur Afiqah Arham; Nurul Amal Nadhirah Mohamad; Junaidah Jai; Jagannathan Krishnan; Noorsuhana Mohd Yusof
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The hydroxyl groups of the polyphenols are capable to act as reducing agent for reduction reaction. The effect of drying temperature, extraction temperature and extraction duration were evaluated using central composite design which consists of 20 experimental runs. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to estimate the optimum parameters in extracting polyphenols from the palm leaves. The correspondence analysis of the results yielded a quadratic model which can be used to find optimum conditions of extraction process. The optimum extraction condition of drying temperature, extraction temperature and extraction duration are 70°C, at 70°C of 10 minutes, respectively. Total polyphenols were determined by application of the Folin-Ciocalteu micro method and the extract was found contain of 8 mg GAE/g dry palm leaves at optimum conditions. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.95-100 [How to cite this article: Arham, N.A., Mohamad, N.A.N., Jai, J., Krishnan, J., Noorsuhana Mohd Yusof, N.M. (2013). Application of Response Surface Methodology in Extraction of Bioactive Component from Palm Leaves (Elaeis guineensis). International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),95-100. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.95-100

Weighted Local Active Pixel Pattern (WLAPP) for Face Recognition in Parallel Computation Environment Gundavarapu Mallikarjuna Rao
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Abstract - The availability of multi-core technology resulted totally new computational era. Researchers are keen to explore available potential in state of art-machines for breaking the bearer imposed by serial computation. Face Recognition is one of the challenging applications on so ever computational environment. The main difficulty of traditional Face Recognition algorithms is lack of the scalability. In this paper Weighted Local Active Pixel Pattern (WLAPP), a new scalable Face Recognition Algorithm suitable for parallel environment is proposed. Local Active Pixel Pattern (LAPP) is found to be simple and computational inexpensive compare to Local Binary Patterns (LBP). WLAPP is developed based on concept of LAPP. The experimentation is performed on FG-Net Aging Database with deliberately introduced 20% distortion and the results are encouraging. Keywords — Active pixels, Face Recognition, Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Active Pixel Pattern (LAPP), Pattern computing, parallel workers, template, weight computation.

Turbidity Measurement Using An Optical Tomography System Sallehuddin Bin Ibrahim
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Turbidity is used to describe water quality and it can be caused by the presence of suspended particles and organic matter such as algae, clay and silt. The measurement of turbidity level of water is vital to domestic water supplies since it is related to public health and water treatment process. This paper presents an investigation on an optical tomography system to estimate the turbidity level in a sample of water. The optical sensors consist of infrared light-emitting diodes (LED) as transmitters and photodiodes as the receivers where the projections of the sensors are designed in fan beam mode. The system was tested using a vertical flow pipe. The Independent Component Analysis (ICA) method was used to display the concentration profile. Results obtained proved that the technique can provide the concentration profile representing the turbidity level of water.

The Determinant Factors of Creative Economy Craftsmen Sustainability in South Sulawesi Province Helda Ibrahim; Siti Amanah; Pang. S. Asngari; Ninuk Purnaningsih
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Creative economy craftsmen have big contribution to regional income and able to sustain in crisis. It can be seen on the average of Gross Domestic Product has employed 5.4 million in average for 2002-2009 with participation level of 5.8%. Therefore, a strategic sustainability is needed especially for the determinant factors of sustainability related to creative economy craftsmen. This research aims to observe the determinant factors of sustainability of creative economy craftsmen in Wajo and Bulukumba Regencies in South Sulawesi Province. Sample for the research was 215 creative economy craftsmen. Data collection is conducted on January to April 2012 consists of primary and secondary data. Research method was using prospective analysis to determine important factors to the sustainability of creative economy craftsmen that predict future alternatives. Result from Rap-UEK simulation for the composite of five dimensions showed a less sustainable status of 48.97%. Research results showed that there are six dominant or main factors in determining business sustainability of creative economy craftsmen, one place sale, coordination with the government and private sectors, capital source, increase in the product of creative economy business, business field and product development Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.18-24 [How to cite this article: Ibrahim, H., Amanah, S., Asngari, P.S., and Purnaningsih, N. (2013). The Determinant Factors of Creative Economy Craftsmen Sustainability in South Sulawesi Province. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),18-24. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.18-24]

Pelletisation Behavior of Fluxed Iron Ore Pellets of Varying Basicities Made with Waste Fines Alok Sarkar; Arup Kumar Mandal; O. P. Sinha
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The present study deals with the utilization of fines generated from comminution process (crushing, grinding and screening) of the Run of Mines into value added products i.e. fluxed iron ore pellets. The study comprises to understand the physical and mechanical behavior of five distinguished chemical compositions of green and dried iron ore pellets with respect to a typical Mini Blast furnace (MBF) burden data and furnace operating parameter. The maximum basicity of pellets was calculated 2.37 to make slag neutral when blast furnace runs at 100% high ash coke (avg. ash content= 29%). The crushing strength and drop number of various green pellets were measured. Green Crushing Strength was decreased with increasing lime fines. The addition of lime fines as a burnt lime, which has acicular structure creates less plasticity and brittle like fracture occurred. Due to formation of hard CaCO3 layer on the surface, after increasing lime contain crushing strength was increased in the air and oven dry pellets with respect to acid pellet (0% lime fines addition). [How to cite this article: Sarkar, A., Mandal, A.K., and Sinha, O.P. (2013) Pelletisation Behavior of Fluxed Iron Ore Pellets of Varying Basicities Made with Waste Fines. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),9-14. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.9-14]

Carcass Characteristics of Growing Male Pig in Different Level of Clenbuterol Addition Wayan Sukarya Dilaga
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Abstract - Nowadays, pig has becomes an important role in meat supply chain and demand in the world. However, in the intensive maintenance system, raising pig still has problems especially in feed supplements. The investigation on carcass characteristics of growing male pig in different level of clenbuterol addition in feed was conducted. CRD factorial 2 x 3 with 4 repetitions was used in the experiment. The first factor is the nation's pig (L = local pigs & pig off spring K=imports) and the second factor is the level of clenbuterol (T0 = 0 mg/kg feed; T1 = 0.20 mg/kg feed & T2 = 0.40 mg/kg feed). The materials were 24 male grower pigs (12 local & 12 imported pigs) with 52.5 ± 28.27 kg body weight. Pigs were reared in individual cages for 6 weeks consisting 2 weeks for adaptation and 4 weeks for data collection. The pigs were given the same feed consisting of rice bran 27.8%, 55.5% and 16.7% corn concentrate. Feeding pigs was given in appropriate growth phase as much as 2 times a day. Drink provided using ad-libitum method. At the end of the study, the pigs were slaughtered. The meat was then analyzed based on the weight of the cut meat, weight of hot carcass, carcass percentage and carcass components (meat, bones and fat). The data was analyzed in variety followed by various orthogonal polynomial tests. Results shown that there were a real interaction between carcass weight and weight cut with quadratic pattern. Clenbuterol also found out to give an reduction effect on carcass percentage in both local and imported pig. In fact the local pigs give the lower carcass percentage than the imported one. Key Words – clenbuterol; weight cut; carcass percentag; carcass component Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.47-50 [How to cite this article: Dilaga, W.S. (2013). Carcass Characteristics of Growing Male Pig in Different Level of Clenbuterol Addition. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2):9-14. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.9-14]. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.47-50

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