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Journal of Physics and Its Applications
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26225956     DOI : 10.14710
Core Subject : Science,
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Journal of Physics and Its Applications (JPA) (e-ISSN: 2622-5956) is open access, International peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-novelty and original research papers and review papers in the field of physics including Radiation Physics, Materials, Geophysics, Theoretical Physics, Instrumentation and Electronics, Medical Physics, Biomedical Physics, Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, and Applied Physics. The JPA publishes two issues annually (May and November). The journal is published by Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 112 Documents
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A Real-Time Hooke's Law Experiment using IoT Mobile Application Agus Sudarmanto; Joko Budi Poernomo; Jatmiko Endro Suseno; Ari Bawono Putranto; Muhammad Abdul Basit
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Hooke's Law is one of the topics in physics that can be simplified for better understanding through practical methods. This research aims to design a Real-Time remote Hooke's Law experiment in laboratory with Blynk as IoT Mobile Application, allowing students to experiment more flexibly in terms of time and location. The research methodology is based on Research and Development (R&D), including hardware design, software design, testing and data collection, data analysis, and report writing. This study resulted in the development of a laboratory Hooke's Law experiment and a Blynk application as its controller. The apparatus was tested by conducting experiments with three different loads: 30 grams, 40 grams, and 50 grams. The experiments aimed to obtain the spring constant, k, which were then processed using Hooke's Law formula based determine spring elongation data, ∆x. The 30 gram load yielded an average ∆x of 0.059 meters with an accuracy of 99.98% and an average k value of 4.90 N/m with an accuracy of 98.75%. The 40 gram load yielded an average ∆x of 0.059 meters with an accuracy of 99.93% and an average k value of 5.32 N/m with an accuracy of 95.40%. The 50 gram load yielded an average ∆x of 0.089 meters with an accuracy of 99.94% and an average k value of 5.53 N/m with an accuracy of 96.39%. The overall accuracy of the apparatus was 99.95% for ∆x and 96.18% for the spring constant. The system can choose the mass, m with control the stepper motor via mobile application and the result of research can be monitored in smartphone display such as such as spring elongation, ∆x, and spring constant, k as well as streaming video for monitoring purposes. [1]      Arsada, Bakhtiyar, and B. Suprianto, “Ultrasonic Sensor Application for Distance Position Detection in Space Using Arduino Uno” State Univ. of Surabaya, 6(2), 137-145, (2017).[2]      K. A. Gamage, D. I. Wijesuriya, S. Y. Ekanayake, A. E. Rennie, C. G. Lambert, and N. Gunawardhana, "Online delivery of teaching and laboratory practices: Continuity of university programmes during COVID-19 pandemic" Educ. Sci., 10(10), 291, (2020). [3]      H. S. Wattimena, A. Suhandi, and A. Setiawan, “Indonesian Physics Education Journal” Indones. Phys. Educ. J., 10(2), 128–139, (2014).[4]      B. K. Prahani, E. Hariyono, H. V. Saphira, I. Zakhiyah, S. Eliezanatalie, and M. H. Ismail, "Digitalization of Physics Laboratory Tools: Increase Undergraduate Students Learning Motivation and Problem-Solving Skills" TEM J., 14(3), 2371–2380, (2025).[5]      S. Madakam, R. Ramaswamy, and S. Tripathi, "Internet of Things (IoT): A Literature" J. Comput. Commun., 3, 164–173, (2015).[6]      M. N. Ramadhani, "Real Laboratory Praktikum Kefisien Muai Panjang Berbasis Internet of Things dan Aplikasi Android" S1 Thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, (2021).[7]      Z. Wan, Y. Song, and Z. Cao, "Environment dynamic monitoring and remote control of greenhouse with ESP8266 NodeMCU" in Proc. 2019 IEEE 3rd Inf. Technol., Netw., Electron. Autom. Control Conf. (ITNEC), 377–382, (2019). [8]      D. C. Giancoli, Physics, Vol. 1, Jakarta: Erlangga, (2001).[9]      N. Azman, Internet of Things dan Komputasi Edge: Pengenalan Hingga Keamanan, Jakarta: CV. Tampuniak Mustika Edukarya, (2020).[10]  A. Kusumaningrum, A. Pujiastuti, and M. Zeny, "Pemanfaatan Internet of Things pada Kendali Lampu" Compiler, 6(1), 53–59, (2017). [11]  T. Juwariyah, S. Prayitno, and A. Mardhiyya, "Perancangan Sistem Deteksi Dini Pencegah Kebakaran Rumah Berbasis ESP8266 dan Blynk" J. Transistor EI, 3(2), 120–126, (2018).[12]  I. Setiawan and D. Sutarno, "Pembuktian Eksperimental Pengaruh Jumlah Lilitan Pegas dan Diameter Pegas terhadap Konstanta Pegas" in Conf. Proc. Sci., (2011).[13]  P. F. Yudha and R. A. Sani, "Implementasi sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 sebagai sensor parkir mobil berbasis Arduino" Einstein E-J., 5(3), 19–26, (2019).[14]  G. N. Prakasa, "Prototipe Kunci Pintu Menggunakan Motor Stepper Berbasis Arduino Mega 2560 Dengan Perintah Suara Pada Android" S1 Thesis, Universitas Lampung, (2017).[15]  Y. Efendi, "Internet of Things (IoT) Light Control System Using Mobile-Based Raspberry Pi" Sci. J. Comput. Sci., 4(1), 19–26, (2018). [16]   C. Dziuban, C. R. Graham, P. D. Moskal, A. Norberg, and N. Sicilia, "Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies" Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ., 15(1), 3, (2018).[17]  C. Dziuban, C. R. Graham, P. D. Moskal, A. Norberg, and N. Sicilia, "Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies" Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ., 15(1), 3, (2018).[18]  M. R. Hidayat, S. Christiono, and S. S. Budi, “Design of IoT-Based Home Security System with NodeMCU ESP8266 Using PIR HC-SR501 Sensor and Smoke Detector Sensor” Kilat J., 7(2), 140–141, (2018).A. Cocco and S. C. Masin, "The Law of Elasticity" Psicologica, 31(3), 647–657, (2010). 
Effect of Pepper Stem Fiber Orientation on Mechanical Properties, Water Absorption, and Biodegradation of Cassava Bioplastic Films Irwan Ramli; Fahri Alfito; Hilda Rahmawati
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i1.30198

Abstract

Plastic pollution continues to pose a serious environmental challenge due to the persistence of petroleum-based polymers in ecosystems. Starch-based bioplastics offer a biodegradable alternative; however, their practical application is limited by low mechanical strength and high water absorption. This study investigates the effect of pepper stem waste fiber (Piper nigrum) reinforcement and fiber orientation (aligned vs. random) on the mechanical properties, water absorption, and biodegradation behavior of cassava starch films. Bioplastic films were prepared in three formulations: control (without fibers), aligned fiber reinforcement (AFR), and random fiber reinforcement (RFR). Structural and performance evaluations were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, water absorption analysis, and soil burial biodegradation (8 cm depth). XRD patterns confirmed semi-crystalline starch structures with characteristic peaks at 2θ ≈ 17°, 19°, and 22°. Tensile strength increased from 0.6957 MPa (control) to 0.7873 MPa (AFR), corresponding to a 13.2% improvement, indicating enhanced load transfer in aligned fiber structures. Water absorption decreased from 70% (control) to 50% (RFR), showing a 28.6% reduction, likely due to increased tortuosity of water diffusion pathways. Soil burial testing showed rapid degradation, reaching 28.37% mass loss by day 3 and 100% mass loss/disintegration by day 6 under the tested conditions. Overall, pepper stem fibers improve the performance of cassava starch films while maintaining rapid biodegradability, highlighting their potential for environmentally friendly disposable and packaging applications.
Analysis of Anthropogenic Seismic Noise Characteristics in Urban and Rural Areas of Bali Island, Indonesia Urip Setiyono; Mohammad Syamsu Rosid; Prawito Prajitno; Supriyanto Rohadi; Ade Andika Saputra
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.29600

Abstract

Seismic noise significantly affects the quality of earthquake detection data. This study analyzes the characteristics of anthropogenic seismic noise recorded at eight permanent broadband seismic stations in the urban and rural areas of Bali, Indonesia, from 2020 to 2024. Power spectral density (PSD) analysis was performed in the frequency range of 1–10 Hz. This frequency represents the noise from human activities. A comparison of the noise between the low tourist season (March) and the peak tourist season (August) was analyzed. The results show that stations in urban areas consistently have dominant frequencies up to 10 Hz with seasonal PSD increases of +1 to +6 dB, often exceeding the New High Noise Model (NHNM). In contrast, stations in rural areas recorded lower dominant frequencies (2–6 Hz) with moderate variations and, in some cases exhibited negative ΔPSD. Local geological factors played a significant role: volcanic breccias and massive lava flows dampen high-frequency noise, while loose sediments amplify anthropogenic signals. Anomalies during specific periods, when community mobility is drastically reduced, highlight the sensitivity of rural stations to changes in human activity intensity. These findings placing Bali as a natural laboratory for studying the complex interactions between human activity, geology, and seismic noise, with broad implications for seismic network design and site evaluation in tourism and densely populated areas worldwide.
Analysis of Landslide Potential Based on Subsurface Lithology using Geoelectrical Method in Jatirejo, Wukirsari, Imogiri, Bantul, DIY Hilma Lutfiana; Rial Dwi Martasari; Rahmawati Fitrianingtyas; Uli Ulfa; Mafrida Fayza Putri Hidayat; Khafidh Nur Aziz
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.30757

Abstract

Landslides are among the most recurrent natural hazards in Indonesia, particularly within the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where Bantul Regency is classified as a high-risk zone. Jatirejo Hamlet, situated in Wukirsari Village, Imogiri Subdistrict, is characterized by steep slope morphology, complex geological condition, and high rainfall intensity, all of which contribute to its high landslide susceptibility. This research aimed to characterize the subsurface lithology and identify potential slip surface in this area using the electrical resistivity method with Wenner array configuration. Geoelectrical surveys were conducted along four lines, each 225 meters in length, utilizing a Naniura NRD 300 HF resistivity meter. The inversion result indicated the presence of a low-resistivity layer (0.05-8.4 Ωm), interpreted as water-saturated clay, underlying more permeable layers and likely functioning as a slip plane. These conditions suggest a high potential for mass movement driven by gravitational forces and local geological structures, including the Opak Fault. The findings demonstrate that the Wenner array is effectively delineates subsurface slip surfaces and can serve as a valuable tool for informing hazard assessment and the development of mitigation strategies in landslide-prone regions such as Jatirejo.
Detection of Altered Rock Zones by Applying the Essential Analyses of the Magnetic Method: A Case Study from the Lainea Geothermal Site, Southeast Sulawesi La Hamimu; Al Rubaiyn; Suryawan Asfar; Laode Ihksan Juarzan; Indrawati Indrawati
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.30681

Abstract

The essential analyses in the magnetic method are fundamental approaches of geophysical studies that should be commonly applied for interpreting the magnetic data. In this study, the essential analyses of the magnetic method incorporated several fundamental techniques such as analytic signal processing, upward continuation technique, horizontal gradient method (HGM), tilt angle derivative (TDR), and Euler deconvolution. These techniques were successfully applied to process the field data acquired from the Lainea geothermal site, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The results of the magnetic data processing were then analyzed to characterize the anomaly sources. This analysis is applied to the total magnetic intensity (TMI). Based on the application of all essential stages in processing and analysis of magnetic data, it was found that signal analysis and Euler deconvolution were effective and efficient in analyzing the magnetic anomaly source. Furthermore, from the TMI map it can be verified that a positive anomaly trend corresponding to the main fault and formation distribution. The HGM implementation can accurately detect the edge boundary of the body anomaly in the form of the altered rock. Here, there are several magnetic lineation paths trending in the north-south (N-S), northeast-southwest (NE-SW), and northwest-southeast (NW-SE) directions. The combined results of TDR and Euler deconvolution can completely show the detection of edge and depth of the anomaly. In particular, the altered rock zones can be specifically found at Boroboro fault, Windo fault, Kaindi fault, Laindi fault, and Lainea fault. A contact anomaly indicating rock intrusion was detected at a depth of 1300–1500 m, which may be associated with the development of altered rock zones.
Dosimetric Outcome of Half Beam Block and Junction Translation (Feathering) Technique in Hot Spot Management of PALNs Involved Patient of Ca Cervix using 3DCRT and Hybrid IMRT Technique: A Case Study Muhammad Bilal Durrani
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.29072

Abstract

Positive Para Aortic Lymph Nodes (PALNs) involved patient of Ca-cervix/Endometrium requires large treatment fields to cover entire planning target volume (PTV) for radiation therapy (RT). RT treatment plan were generated to the contoured PTVusing 3DCRT-3DCRT and IMRT-3DCRT (Hybrid IMRT) for single iso-centric and dual iso-centric technique. Single iso-centric technique was used for   PTV pelvis and PTV aorta for field size (F.S) max < PTV and dual iso-centric was used when (F.S) max > PTV.For single isocentric setup the hot spot at the junction of 3DCRTpelvis -3DCRTaorta was managed by half beam block and optimized using field in field technique (FIF) while in case of 3DCRTaorta-IMRTpelvis the hotspot was managed by changing the position of independent Y-Jaw in IMRTpelvis treatment planonly. For condition of (F.S) max< PTV with dual isocentric set up the hot spot at the junction of PTVPelvis andPTVaorta was reduced to acceptable limits by translating the Y-jaw position in IMRT pelvisonly, whereas due to smaller junction gap of 1.5 cm between 3DCRTpelvis-3DCRTaorta treatment plan the hot spot was managed by only applying FnF technique in 3DCRTpelvis treatment plan.
Comparison of Image Quality Between Virtual Grid And Physical Grid At A Ratio of 10:1 Using Digital Radiography (DR) Muhammad Irsal; Shinta Gunawati Sutoro; Rafhael Reznandika Yustiyo
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.29812

Abstract

Virtual Grid (VG) in radiology is still rarely used since this technology is still new and literature information is scarce. The objective of this study is to evaluate image quality between virtual grid (VG) and physical grid at a grid ratio of 10:1 using digital radiography (DR). This study employed a descriptive analytical method conducted between June and July 2025 at the Physics and Radiography Laboratory of the Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Poltekkes Jakarta II. The equipment used included an X-ray multipurpose, a DR imaging system equipped with a VG at a ratio of 10:1, a physical grid at a ratio of 10:1, Radiant DICOM Viewer software, and a stepwedge. The research preparation involved testing the X-ray machine and DR modalities, followed by exposure at varying tube voltages of 60 kVp, 70 kVp, 80 kVp, and 90 kVp, with three variations in tube current-time: 10 mAs, 16 mAs, and 20 mAs. The obtained images were analyzed using the Radiant DICOM Viewer to assess image quality based on the measured signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR) and figure of merit (FOM). The result identical graphical patterns observed with increases in tube voltage and tube current-time indicate that the VG ratio of 10:1 tends to show improved SDNR and FOM values compared to the physical grid ratio of 10:1 and non-grid configurations. The image quality of the VG with a 10:1 ratio outperforms both the physical grid and non-grid configurations in DR imaging. 
HVSR Microtremor Resonance Frequency and Amplification Analysis Using Earthquake Data for Seismic Hazard Mitigation in Lombok Island Edy Santoso; Mohammad Syamsu Rosid; Sigit Pramono; Frilla Renty Tama Saputra; Daryono Daryono; Setyoajie Prayoedhie
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.30787

Abstract

Lombok Island exhibits high seismicity driven by the complex interaction between the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Eurasian plate and the activity of the Flores Back-arc Thrust. In seismic hazard mitigation, the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique is a fundamental tool for estimating site effects. However, the validity of parameters derived from ambient noise (MHVSR) versus earthquake records (EHVSR) remains a subject of geophysical debate, particularly in regions with high structural heterogeneity. This research evaluates the reliability of resonance frequency (f0) and amplification factor (A0) by conducting a direct comparison between MHVSR and EHVSR datasets. Seismic data from seven BMKG stations across Lombok were meticulously selected and processed. The analysis involved windowing and the application of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transition raw waveforms into the frequency domain, allowing for the extraction of stable HVSR spectral curves. The findings reveal a robust correlation between microtremor and earthquake-derived HVSR, with on f0 (r = 0.9954, σ = 0.301) and A0 (r = 0.9232, σ = 0.75). Observed minor discrepancies are likely the result of local lithological conditions, wave attenuation, and source-dependent variations such as magnitude or hypocentral distance. Ultimately, this study confirms that ambient vibration HVSR provides dependable estimates of site resonance parameters, aligning with earthquake records within tolerable error margins. These results strengthen the case for microtremor investigations as a reliable, non-invasive method for local seismic hazard evaluation. Such findings are vital for refining seismic hazard mitigation and enhancing urban resilience planning in seismically active zones like Lombok island.
Classification of Box Sizes in Automated Systems Using YOLOv8 and Computer Vision Ayu Sarah Annisa; Meqorry Yusfi
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.29716

Abstract

The logistics and distribution industry requires a fast and accurate automated sorting system to improve operational efficiency. This research develops a computer vision-based automated sorting system using YOLO (You Only Look Once) to detect and classify box sizes in real time. The system consists of an ESP32-CAM as a visual sensor, an ESP8266 NodeMCU as a microcontroller, and a servo motor as an actuator using the MQTT communication protocol. The detection results are sent through a local MQTT broker for low latency processing without the internet. The YOLOv8 model used successfully achieved a detection and classification accuracy of 98.15%. The top camera showed more stable performance (89-96%) than the front camera (83-96%) due to the influence of distance and angle of image capture. The tests were conducted under fixed lighting conditions and only distinguished between small (< 5×5×5 cm) and large (≥ 5×5×5 cm) boxes, with a maximum load limit of 700 grams. The system is still limited in classifying objects close to the size limit, and is not optimal for variable lighting.
Investigation of the Geothermal Potential of Mount Seminung, West Lampung, Indonesia, Based on Magnetic Anomaly Data Ellin Ernita Mahdalya; Muchammad Farid; Refrizon Refrizon; Hana Raihana
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 8, No 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v8i2.31627

Abstract

Indonesia has significant geothermal potential due to its location along the active tectonic Ring of Fire, characterized by intense volcanic activity and fault structures. One promising area is Mount Seminung in Sukau District, located in the southeastern part of the Ranau Caldera and influenced by the Sumatra Fault system. This study aims to analyze the distribution of magnetic anomalies as an initial indication of a geothermal system in the Mount Seminung area. The study employed the magnetic method by measuring total magnetic field intensity at several observation points across the study area using a proton precession magnetometer. The magnetic data were corrected for diurnal variations and the Earth's main magnetic field, then processed to produce a magnetic anomaly map. The results show low magnetic anomaly zones ranging from −374.2 nT to −9.0 nT, which are associated with hydrothermal alteration and geothermal manifestations, and high anomaly zones ranging from 181.5 nT to 871 nT related to relatively fresh volcanic rocks. The anomaly contrasts and elongated gradient patterns indicate the presence of faults or fractures that may act as pathways for geothermal fluids. Therefore, the low anomaly zones associated with these structures are recommended as targets for further investigation using geoelectric or magnetotelluric methods.

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