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METANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011" : 5 Documents clear
MODEL MATEMATIS LAJU PEMBAKARAN BIOBRIKET CAMPURAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN BUNGKIL JARAK (JATROPHA CURCAS L) Kurniawan, Eddy
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (205.311 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v7i01.4032

Abstract

ABSTRAK Potensi biomassa sampah organik dan bungkil jarak sebagai energi alternatif sedemikian melimpah, namun belum terolah sepenuhnya. Padahal komposisi sampah organik dan bungkil jarak merupakan biomassa dengan kandungan energi yang relatif besar. Apabila sampah organik dan bungkil jarak diolah bersama-sama dengan bungkil jarak dengan menggunakan bahan perekat tapioka dan tar akan diperoleh satu bahan bakar padat buatan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif.Dalam penelitian ini, komposisi yang di uji adalah briket dengan persentase sampah organik dan bungkil jarak yaitu 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 0/100. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengumpulan, pengeringan, penghalusan, karbonisasi, pengayakan, pencampuran bahan baku (sampah organik, bungkil jarak, perekat tapioka dan perekat tar) dan pengepresan dengan tekanan 1 kg/cm².Dari  penelitian di laboratorium dan pendekatan model matematis didapatkan bahwa karakteristik laju pembakaran briket komposisi sampah organik dan bungkil jarak (25/75) dengan bahan perekat tar, lebih cepat terbakar dan suhu yang dicapai optimal. Briket yang dihasilkan dengan perekat tar tidak disukai karena berasap, sedangkan briket yang dihasilkan dengan perekat tapioka lebih disukai karena tidak berasap. Kata kunci : Briket, bahan perekat, pembakaran   ABSTRACT The pontential of biomass municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes in such is abundant, but has not been fully processed. The municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes can be converted into biobriquette via pyrolisis, which can be used as alternative fuel. Tar and tapioca adhesive were applied for the binder. In this study, briquettes with the mass ratio of municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes of 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 0/100 have been produced and tested. Reasearch was done by collecting, drying, testing, carbonization, screaning, mixing raw materials (municipal waste, jathropha oil cakes, tapioca adhesive and tar adhesive) and pressing at  1 kg/cm². Laboratory work and mathematical model showed that the rate of combustion and charateristic of  the briquette  with composition of municipal waste and jathropha oil cakes is (25/75), with adhesive tar, burns faster. Briquettes produced with the adhesive tar are not preferred because of the smoke, while the briquettes produced with tapioca adhesive are preferred because of the smoke free. Keywords : Briquette, adhesive materials, combustion
PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN MINYAK JERUK PURUT MENGGUNAKAN DISTILASI VAKUM W, Deddy Kurniawan; Arifan, Fahmi
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (187.062 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v7i01.4755

Abstract

ABSTRAK Negara kita termasuk negara penghasil minyak jeruk purut dan minyak ini juga merupakan komoditi yang menghasilkan devisa negara. Oleh karena itu pada tahun-tahun terakhir ini, minyak jeruk purut mendapat perhatian yang cukup besar dari pemerintah Indonesia.  namun ketersediaan bahan baku secara berkelanjutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar masih mengalami hambatan. Oleh sebab itu budidaya tanaman secara intensif diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Untuk itu, digunakan destilasi vakum dalam meningkatkan kualitas minyak sereh wangi. Keunggulan dari destilasi vakum tidak mengakibatkan dekomposisi komponen minyak atsiri sehingga mutu rendemen yang dihasilkan akan lebih baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses penyulingan yang menggunakan bahan baku daun jeruk purut dan pelarut aquadest. Proses distilasi menggunakan jenis distilasi vakum dengan variabel yang berpengaruh adalah waktu (2, 3 dan 4 jam). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil yang maksimal pada penyulingan 3 jam dengan variabel bahan baku dan pelarut 1:4. Analisa produk dari minyak jeruk yang didapatkan adalah sebagai berikut pH 5, densitas 0,86 gr/ml, viscositas 0,31 Cp, indeks bias 1,46, volume minyak jeruk 11 ml, angka asam 2,805 mg-KOH/gr dan angka penyabunan 61,71 mg-KOH/gr. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan lama waktu penyulingan akan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah minyak jeruk purut yang dihasilkan dan dapat berpengaruh juga pada komposisi dari minyak jeruk purut. Kata kunci : minyak jeruk purut, distilasi vakum dan pelarut aquadest.   ABSTRACT Our country including kaffir lime oil producing countries and oil is also a commodity that generates foreign exchange. Therefore, in recent years, the kaffir lime oil received considerable attention from the government of Indonesia. but the continuous availability of raw materials to meet the needs of the market is still experiencing barriers. Therefore, intensive cultivation is needed to resolve the issue, both in quantity and quality. To that end, vacuum distillation is used in improving the quality of scented citronella oil. The advantages of vacuum distillation does not result in decomposition of volatile oil components so that the quality of the resulting yield will be better. In this study the distillation process that uses raw materials lime leaves and the solvent distilled water. Distillation process using this type of vacuum distillation with an influential variable is the time (2, 3 and 4 hours). From the research results obtained maximum results in 3 hours with a variable refinery feedstock and solvent 1:4. Analysis of orange oil products obtained are as follows pH 5, the density of 0.86 g / ml, 0.31 Cp viscosity, refractive index 1.46, the volume of kaffir lime oil 11 ml, 2.805 mg-KOH/gr acid number and saponification number mg-KOH/gr 61.71. From the research we can conclude a long time refining oil will affect the amount of lime produced and may also affect the composition of kaffir lime oil. Key words: kaffir lime oil, vacuum distillation and solvent distilled water.
MICROANALYSIS PEMBENTUKAN KRISTAL CALSIUM SULFAT PADA PIPA BERALIRAN LAMINER DENGAN PARAMETER LAJU ALIR Mangestiono, Wiji
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (223.069 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v7i01.4028

Abstract

Abstract   Gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O) scaling inside pipe is very problematic for industries since it causes narrowing of pipe diameter, thickening of heat transfer surfaces, lenghthening the process time and finally increase the cost of production. It is therefore necessary to prevent the occurance of gypsum scaling in a piping system. This report describes an experiment on gypsum scale formation utilizing CaCl2.2H2O and Na2SO4 solutions to form gypsum ( CaSO4. 2H2O). The concentration the calcium ions selected was 3,500 ppm. The experiment was carried out a pipe with several coupons made of copper representing common pipe material used in industry. Flowrate of gypsum solution as one of process parameters for gypsum scaling was varied: 30, 40 and  50 ml/minute  respectively. In addition, Cu2+ as impurities was aded into the solution : 5 and 10 ppm respectively. In adition, a microanalysis on the scale was also caried out using EDAX. The mass of the scale formed was calculated in order to determine the rate of the gypsum scale growth. Keywords : flowrate, gypsum, impurities, piping system.
KAJIAN KADAR TOTAL LIPID DAN KEPADATAN NITZSCHIA SP. YANG DIKULTUR DENGAN SALINITAS YANG BERBEDA Widianingsih, Widianingsih; Hartati, Retno; Endrawati, Hadi; M, Hilal
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (125.677 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v7i01.4030

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kadar total lipid dan kepadatan pada mikroalga Nitzschia sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan  perlakuan salinitas 15, 20, 25, 30, dan 35 ppt (3 kali ulangan). . Nitzschia sp. dikultur pada skala laboratorium dengan pupuk F/2 dan dilakukan pemanenan setelah mencapai fase stasioner untuk kemudian diukur kadar total lipid.   Perlakuan salinitas menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kepadatan Nitzschia sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt (37,32 x 106 sel/mL) dan rata-rata kepadatan terendah pada salinitas 30 ppt 1(8,62 x106 sel/mL).  Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase kadar total lipid tertinggi terdapat pada salinitas 35 ppt (71,51 ± 5,35 %-dw) dan persentase rata-rata kadar total lipid terendah terdapat pada salinitas 15 ppt (13,26 ± 0.47 %-dw). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Nitzschia sp. dapat tumbuh pada salinitas 15 – 35 ppt dengan kepadatan tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt dan rata- rata persentase kadar total lipid tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt. Kata-kata kunci: Nitzschia sp., densitas, salinitas, kadar total lipid.
ASIDOLISIS ENZIMATIK MINYAK IKAN TUNA( THUNNUS THYNNUS) MENJADI PRODUK ASAM LEMAK KAYA OMEGA-3 DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIPASE GETAH PEPAYA (carica papaya latex) Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Isti Pudjihastuti; Heny Kusumayanti
METANA Vol 7, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (93.7 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v7i01.4031

Abstract

ABSTRACT Incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) into Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) fish oil was investigated by using acidolysis enzimatis Process. The product of this modification is expected to be used as an ingredient nutrifition food products, especially in milk and baby food as well as pregnant and lactating The purpose of this study was to optimizing the used of lipased papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) in the product to incorporation fatty acids rich in omega-3.Bioreactor acidolysis enzematik development and Optimization of process the productivity of fatty acids rich in omega-3. Reaction Acidolysis was conducted between tuna (thunnus thynnus) fish oil by microbial lipase (5% of the weight of the substrate mixture) or vegetable lipased (Carica papaya latex) (6-10% by weight subtract mixture) as biocatalist.Acidolysis mixture the bioreactor at 40 o C for (2-6 hours) and the stirring speed of 200 rpm, pH (4.5 to 6.5). to eliminate free fatty acids from the product acidolysis performed neutralization with NaOH The results are expected to show that the lipase papaya latex (Carica papaya latex) can be used as biocatalyst incorporated omega-3 fatty acids in   tunaIthunnus thunnyl) fish oil . In this study sought conditions for optimum incorporation rate, ie the use of papaya latex lipase concentration of 8%, the ratio of concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid and palm oil (1:1), pH = 5.5, Optimal time of 4 hours and the temperature (40oC) . The results were analyzed incorporation of omega-3 (EPA and DHA) with GC.EPA generated: 3.57% and DHA = 3.91% Key word:Acidolysis,Tuna fish oil

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