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METANA

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013" : 8 Documents clear

PEMBUATAN FILM KOMPOSIT KITOSAN â€“TAPIOKA : PENGARUH KOMPOSISI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM Rokhati, Nur Rokhati; Pramudono, Bambang; Widiasa, I. Nyoman
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Cassava starch can readily be cast into films. However, the cassava starch film is brittle and weak leading to inadequate mechanical properties. Therefore it is necessary blending with other biopolymers that can overcome these drawbacks. In this study, composite film prepared by blending of cassava starch and chitosan solutions with ratio 2:8, 3:7, 4:8, and 5:5. The results show that the mechanical strength of the film increase with increasing the chitosan content. The significant decline in both permeability and degree of swelling with increasing the content of chitosan in the composite film. The hydrophobic acetyl groups of chitosan caused a notable reduction of wettability as well as water permeability. The degree of swelling experiments showed that the films have the highest degree of swelling in water followed by technical ethanol (Â±95%) and pure analysis ethanol (>99.9%). SEM photographs of the surface of film with the ratio 5:5 have more homogeneous than the ratio 2:8. The amino group peak in IR spectrum of chitosan molecule shifted from 1581 to 1587 cmâˆ’1 with the incorporation of starch. These results suggested that these two film-forming components were compatible and an interaction existed between them. Keywords: Chitosanâ€“starch films; composition, characterization

PENGARUH FREKUENSI DAN WAKTU PENCUCIAN BERBANTU ULTRASONIK MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN VISKOSITAS TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Lucia Hermawati Rahayu; Dyah Hesti Wardhani; Abdullah Abdullah
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus) contains a high economic value of soluble fiber glucomannan. Most of Indonesia konjac flour is exported in low (glucomannan content <65) hence sell in cheap price. Quality of glucomannan could be improved by removing impurities such as starch and cellulose. Application of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (leaching) of non glucomannan compound is an effective method to purify the konjac flour. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ultrasonic waves frequency and leaching time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method using aqueous isopropanol on glucomannan purification. The leaching conducted two frequencies (20 and 40 kHz) and various extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes). The results showed that the best condition of glucomannan purification was achieved at 20 kHz for 10 minutes. In this conditon, glucomannan content , viscosity and yield were 76.1%, 12,800 cPs, and 96.1%, respectively. Keywords: konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus), glucomannan, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, isopropanol

PENGENDALIAN MUTU BETON PADA PELAKSANAAN JALAN DENGAN PERKERASAN KAKU Sutanto, Sutanto
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Concrete as a building material has advantages compared with other materials because of its strength, easy to shape as desired designer, easy to work, easy to obtain raw materials, densities, treatment is relatively simple and economical considerations. As a material for rigid pavement on the highway project, treatment is similar to other construction work. Failure to avoid a construction that needs to be done according to standard and quality control requirements in SNI-03-1734-1989 on the concrete and SNI-03-1737-1989 on the highway as well as the international consensus as ASTM, ACI, etc.. Quality control includes the preparation of concrete materials, mixing, transporting, placing and casting the mixture, compacting the mixture, treatment and final concrete work. Specimen testing performed to evaluate the quality of the work. Of this evaluation will be concluded whether the work is in accordance with the plan. Â Key word : Concrete, rigid pavement Â

TEKNOLOGI PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN LEMPONGSARI, KODYA SEMARANG DENGAN KOMPOSER EM-4 Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Edy Supriyo
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract In Semarang limited landfill waste,new problems.If problems not handled and managed properly,an increase of waste that occur each year could shorten justify the air.In addition,the waste can the quality of natural resources,causing floods,and cause some diseased. Research to be conducted has several specific objectives,as follomposer EM-4.Minimizing the volume of waste in Semarang environment develop a network tool composter for organic fertilizer production of large-scale environmental and examine the addition of decomposers EM-4 the formation of humus to improve the productivity of organic fertilizer in environmentally friendly, operating condition optimization weathering process household waste using waste decomposer EM-4. Composter network of productivity environmentally friendly is expected to replace the function of inorganic fertilizers Research results:the best is on addition EM-4 8 ppm,with the following results:value ratio C/N 14,77;P2O5 1,24%;K2O 0,42% SNI: ratio C/N 10-20 ;0,1% min P2O5 ;0,2%min K2O Keyword: EM-4 composer,liquid compost organic,organic waste

PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA Kusumayanti, Heny
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

PEDOMAN PENULISAN NASKAH JURNAL METANA

STUDI PENGARUH METODE PEMBUATAN DAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PADA PROSES PRODUKSI KATALIS DARI ZEOLIT ALAM Widayat, Widayat; Satriadi, H; Roesyadi, Achmad; Rachimoellah, H M
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Indonesia has the potential for considerable natural zeolites. This natural zeolites, silica deposits typically have amounted to 60%, it also contains components of alumina. Silica and alumina oxide compound that can be used as a catalyst, particularly in the process of dehydration. This research aims to study the influence of the method of manufacture of catalysts in the production process of natural zeolite catalyst. The observed response is the surface area in comparison with silica, alumina and kristalitas. The surface area is measured by the method kristalitas and BET with XRD analysis as well as the composition of the silica-alumina with AAS. The methods used in this research is the process of exchanging ions-development with alcohol and dealuminiation process with hydrochloric acid solution. The raw materials used are natural zeolite from Malang, Lampung Province and Regency of Gunung Kidul. The results showed that dealuminasi process with hydrochloric acid produces a better surface area compared to the ion exchange process and development with alcohol. Besides the resulting catalyst with silicate dealuminasi process is a catalyst if the raw material of the Regency of Gunung Kidul and mordenite type if the raw materials used originate from Malang. Key words : Zeolite catalyst, natural zeolites, surface area, crystallite,Si/Al comparison

PEMANFAATAN MINYAK BIJI RAMI (LINSEED OIL) DAN GLISEROL BY-PRODUCT BIODIESEL UNTUK PEMBUATAN VERNIS ALAMI Sutanti, Sri; Purnavita, Sari; Sriyana, Herman Yoseph
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Varnish is coating material that is produced by using polymer. ActuallyÂ natural varnish is produced by manufacturing natural polymer like gondorukem. The research is to study about optimizing ofÂ reactant composition as the ratio of OH/COOH and operation temperature in the process of making natural varnish from gondorukem, linseed oil and glycerol by-product biodiesel using the alcoholysis method. The reaction is done in the reactor using agitator. The reaction consists of two steps, 1). the forming of monoglyceride, 2). the forming of varnish. Both steps of reaction is done at the same temperature (200oC, 220oC, 240oC and 260oC). Reactant ratio is used as equivalent ratio OH/COOH: 1,1; 1,2; and 1,3. We analyze free glycerol concentration in the first step reaction andÂ acid value in the second step reaction. The best result is obtained in ratio 1,2 and operation temperature 260oC. Key word: natural varnish, alcoholysis, equivalent ratio OH/COOH, linseed oil, glycerol by-product biodiesel.

CO-COMBUSTION SLUDGE IPAL PLTU TANJUNG JATI B UNIT 1&2 DENGAN BATUBARA : TINJAUAN ENERGI TERMAL PEMBAKARAN DAN PENGARUH TERHADAP EMISI SOX DAN SLAGGING PADA BOILER SAC, Ragil Darmawan; Aryanti, Nita; Soetrisnanto, Danny
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Electricity production process at TanjungJati B unit 1&2 Power Plant is also producing B3 waste (sludge) obtained from waste water treatment plant. E-Green principles can encourage company to reduce amount of waste generated. A co-combustion process (re-combusting the sludge with coal in boiler) can be applied to reduce the sludge waste. Previous study literature shows there is no experiment related co-combustion between sludge and coal. Moreover, characteristic of sludge (proximate, ultimate, chemical composition and temperature of ash fusion) effective for combustion and the process are unknown. The aims of this research are to find sludge characteristic, to evaluate caloric value from sludge combustion, to study the effect of co-combustion coal-sludge to emission and potential of slagging formation. The research carried out by proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, sulfur and caloric content), ultimate analysis (C, H, S, N, and O), chemical composition of ash (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, and PÂ2O5), and ash fusion temperature. Results showedthat thecaloricvalue, sulfurandCaO content are differentsludgewithcoal. The caloric value of sludge is 428.22kcal/kg, sulfur content is 12.46% and CaO content is 34.11%. Caloric value of coal is 6125 kcal/kg, sulfur content is 1.14% and CaO content is 1.73%. The sulfur contentrepresentthe amount of produced SOxemissionsdue to there is no sulfur content at formed ash. The combustion with coal produced 427.318 mg/Nm3 SOx emission. The mixingratiothatstillmeets the standardis(15:1) with711.547mg/Nm3 of SOx emission. Mixing ratio variation show that higher ratio gives higher caloric value, lower sulfur content and decrease slagging index. Based on existing boiler requirement conditions, the mixing ratio of (20:1) and (15:1) is applicable due to have enough caloric value, low slagging index, and not exceed the limit for emission.The optimum condition for co-combustion in this research is ratio (15:1). Higher ratio is recommended for application of co-combustion due to result higher caloric value, lower emission and lower slagging index. Â 38Keywords :Co-combustion, Batubara, Sludge IPAL, Slagging

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