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Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25982370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education
BIOMA (ISSN 1410-8801) adalah Majalah Ilmiah Biologi yang bertujuan mewadahi semua informasi hasil penelitian, telaah pustaka, makalah teknis, dan kajian buku, dari berbagai cabang ilmu Biologi. Diharapkan penerbitan ini dapat berkontribusi dalam penyampaian informasi ilmiah yang merupakan mata rantai proses kegiatan ilmiah. Terbit sejak tahun 1999.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "volume 28 issue 1 year 2026" : 13 Documents clear
Effectiveness test of red shoot leaf extract (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) as a natural antiperspirant in inhibiting sweat production and the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria that cause body odor Lisna Arnita; Rasyidah Rasyidah; Ulfayani Mayasari
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75401

Abstract

Body odor is a problem caused by the activity of microorganisms, one of which is the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria by metabolizing sweat released by the body. The use of antiperspirant products is thought to reduce sweat production and bacterial decay . However, antiperspirants available in the market contain active chemicals that can cause irritation so it is necessary to use plant extracts as an alternative preparation of natural antiperspirant products. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of natural antiperspirant extracts of red shoot leaves (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria that cause body odor. The method used is descriptive quantitative with parameters of simplicia and extract yield tests, extract characteristics, phytochemical screening, antibacterial effectiveness of extracts, physical quality tests of antiperspirants, antiperspirant effectiveness and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the study showed that the red shoot leaf extract meets the general standards of medicinal plant extracts and contains secondary metabolite compounds that are able to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with the formulated product producing suitable characteristics as an antiperspirant that is able to inhibit sweat production and the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria which is supported visually by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the results obtained, it is known that the natural antiperspirant red shoot leaf extract (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) has antibacterial effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Thus, the use of natural ingredients can be a solution to overcome the causes of body odor and reduce the use of conventional antiperspirant products that contain chemicals that are harmful to health.
Effectiveness of a nasal spray containing essential oil from Citrus microcarpa Bunge on the SEM profile of Aspergillus fumigatus mycelium Revian Ananda; Ulfayani Mayasari; Rizki amelia Nasution
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.78255

Abstract

Deteriorating air quality during seasonal transitions contributes to the increased growth of pathogenic microorganisms, including Aspergillus fumigatus, which may lead to adverse health impacts. Synthetic antifungal agents may induce resistance and undesirable side effects, thereby promoting interest in safer natural alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effectiveness of a nasal spray formulated with kasturi orange (Citrus microcarpa) peel essential oil against A. fumigatus. The essential oil was extracted through steam distillation and tested at five concentrations to identify the most effective range, after which three concentrations exhibiting the strongest antifungal activity were formulated into a nasal spray. Antifungal effectiveness was assessed using the disc diffusion method, morphological alterations of fungal hyphae were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the nasal spray demonstrated significant antifungal activity (p < 0.05), with inhibition zone diameters of 12.8 mm, 16.1 mm, and 20.5 mm at essential oil concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Although the highest concentration produced the largest inhibition zone, excessively high essential oil levels do not necessarily improve antifungal performance and may trigger adaptive responses approaching resistance. SEM observations confirmed notable cellular damage, including hyphal lysis, cell wall thinning, and structural shrinkage following exposure to the nasal spray formulation. In conclusion, kasturi orange peel essential oil is effective when formulated as a nasal spray to inhibit A. fumigatus, with 20% identified as the most suitable concentration for further product development.
Diversity and distribution of viper snakes (Viperidae) in Yogyakarta Donan Satria Yudha; Afif Fatah Rizki; Firman Arbi; Saliyo Saliyo
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.77254

Abstract

Research on venomous snake’s diversity in Yogyakarta has been conducted. Previous research showed that there were 3 species of viper snakes in Yogyakarta. Viper snakes are highly venomous with hemotoxin venom. Viper’s snakebite cases occurred in Bantul, Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul while antivenom is not yet available in Indonesia. The reseach aim was to determine species and distribution of viper snakes in Yogyakarta. Sampling used were VES, transect and time search methods. Sampling was carried out twice a day. Four species of viper snakes were found in Yogyakarta: Trimeresurus albolabris, Trimeresurus insularis, Craspedocephalus puniceus, and Calloselasma rhodostoma. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) in forested hill was 0.264; in forested lowland was 0, and in human settlement in lowland was 0.318. Distribution of vipers in Yogyakarta is uneven, mostly found in forested areas and rivers with riparian vegetation, particularly Trimeresurus albolabris. Craspedocephalus puniceus distribution was on montane forest with cool temperatures. Calloselasma rhodostoma distribution was on submontane karst with quite hot temperatures. These research provide most up-to-date data on viper’s species diversity and distribution. This result can be a reference for ministry of health to produce and evenly distribute specific antivenom especially for vipers, and for health services and hospitals to prepare antivenom when snakebite accident occur.
Computational screening of slime mold-derived compounds against NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) for potential breast cancer therapy Volta Kellik Setiawan; Moh Royhan Afnani; Anwar Rovik; Dora Dayu Rahma Turista; Mohammad Indra Pratama
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.83625

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major global health challenge, particularly due to therapeutic resistance driven by complex molecular mechanisms, including dysregulation of kinase-mediated signaling pathways. One critical target is nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells inducing kinase, which plays an essential role in tumor progression, inflammation, and resistance to treatment. This study aimed to identify potential natural inhibitors derived from slime mold metabolites using a comprehensive in silico approach. Molecular docking, pharmacokinetic prediction, toxicity assessment, and biological activity analysis were conducted to evaluate two compounds, Cribrarione A and Fuligorubin A, in comparison with a reference drug. The docking results demonstrated that Cribrarione A exhibited strong binding affinity with a binding energy of −8.3 kcal/mol, approaching that of the reference compound (−9.5 kcal/mol), while Fuligorubin A showed moderate affinity (−8.0 kcal/mol). All compounds occupied the catalytic pocket and interacted with key amino acid residues associated with kinase activity. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that all compounds met drug-likeness criteria and exhibited favorable absorption profiles with no predicted hepatotoxicity or mutagenicity. Furthermore, biological activity prediction revealed that Cribrarione A has promising anticancer potential through mechanisms involving apoptosis induction and suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways. Overall, these findings suggest that slime mold-derived metabolites, particularly Cribrarione A, may serve as promising lead compounds for breast cancer therapy targeting kinase-mediated pathways, although further experimental validation is necessary.
Visitation patterns of cultivated Tetragonula biroi colonies on Xanthostemon chrysanthus flowers Nur Apriatun Nafisah; Fathimah Nurfithri Hashifah; Christosie Immanuel Wahyudi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.79139

Abstract

Tetragonula biroi is a cultivated stingless bee widely used in meliponiculture due to its high honey and propolis production. One recommended forage plant is Xanthostemon chrysanthus, yet quantitative data on visitation dynamics and environmental drivers remain limited. This study addressed the following research questions Does visitation frequency of T. biroi vary across time of day? And which environmental factors influence visitation activity? We hypothesized that visitation frequency would peak under optimal morning microclimatic conditions and correlate positively with temperature and light intensity. The study was conducted in June 2025 in Banyumas, Central Java, using 10 managed colonies and flowering X. chrysanthus trees observed over 12 sampling days. Bee visitation was recorded at 10 minute intervals during morning (07.00 – 10.00), midday (11.00 – 13.00), and afternoon (14.00 – 16.00) periods. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Visitation frequency showed a descriptive peak in the morning (6.11 ± 2.25 visits/10 min) but did not differ significantly among periods (F = 0.850; p = 0.437). Visit duration displayed a similar non-significant pattern (F = 0.541; p = 0.587). The number of flowers visited increased from morning to afternoon, indicating compensatory exploratory foraging as nectar availability declined. PCA revealed that temperature and light intensity were positively associated with visitation frequency, whereas humidity was negatively associated. These findings indicate that T. biroi exhibits flexible foraging behavior across a broad range of microclimates. In practice, placing colonies in warm, moderately humid environments may optimize foraging efficiency and support stingless bee productivity.
Antagonistic test of Penicillium sp. against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. causing anthracnose disease in-vitro Noviana Budianti Kartikasari; Hanik Faizah; Eko Teguh Pribadi
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75429

Abstract

Anthracnose is a type of plant diseases caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. Anthracnose disease can infect all plant organs, such as leaves, branches, twigs, and fruits. The initial symptoms of anthracnose disease are dry and dark brown spots. The process of anthracnose disease spread is so fast that it can reduce agricultural productivity. One alternative to environmentally friendly plant control is the use of biological control agent. Penicillium sp. is one of the fungi used as a biological control agent. This study aims to determine the antagonistic ability of Penicillium sp. against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. causing anthracnose disease in-vitro. This research is classified as experimental research using the dual culture method. This research consists of two treatments and two replications. The control treatment was conducted using only the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. This research was conducted for 7 days at a temperature of 25℃ using PDA medium. The observation process was carried out by measuring the diameter of the control and treatment pathogens for 7 days. Data analysis in this study was conducted using descriptive statistics to determine the mean and standard deviation of a treatment. The results show that Penicillium sp. can inhibit the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. with the highest inhibition percentage on the 7th day after inoculation of 49.14 ± SD 2.39%, which falls within the medium criteria. The inhibition mechanism of Penicillium sp. against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. occurs through competition and antibiosis.  
Antifungal activity of hair tonic extract from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) against the growth of Malassezia furfur Ajeng Pramesti Cahyani; Retni S Budiarti; Raissa Mataniari; Pinta Murni; Dara Mutiara Aswan; Harlis Harlis
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75593

Abstract

Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is one of several types of fungi that can cause the scalp to experience flaking, known as dandruff. Dandruff can be eliminated using anti-dandruff agents available on the market. In addition, there are natural ingredients that can act as antifungal agents against the fungus that causes dandruff. The straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is one such fungus that contains secondary metabolites such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which function as antifungal agents. This study was quantitative research using an experimental method and a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replicates in the form of positive control, negative control, and straw mushroom extract hair tonic with concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%.  The parameters observed were the diameter of the inhibition zone, which indicated antifungal activity, and the evaluation of the hair tonic preparations (pH test, organoleptic test, skin irritation test, and viscosity test). The results of the study showed that the mushroom extract hair tonic had antifungal activity in inhibiting the growth of M. furfur. Based on the DNMRT test analysis, P0 (positive control) was significantly different from P1 (negative control) and the other treatments (P2, P3, P4, P5). This study concluded that there is activity in the hair tonic extract of straw mushrooms in inhibiting the growth of M. furfur, with the best concentration being 30%. 
Chlorella vulgaris as a potential bioremediation agent of aquaculture waste from Marine Science Techno Park, Diponegoro University Deska Ferriza Ramadhani; Adriano Gunawan; Nayyara Rahadini; Sarah Mukhlishah; Endah Dwi Hastuti; Nintya Setiari
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.72553

Abstract

Right dose of NPK hydrogel concentration improves the growth of spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.) Imas Dewi Rani; Ahmad Mulyadi; Mia Nurkanti
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.75509

Abstract

The productivity of horticultural crops is highly dependent on the availability of balanced nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). However, conventional fertilization is often inefficient due to nutrient leaching. One innovation to improve fertilization efficiency is the use of hydrogel as a slow-release nutrient medium. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of sodium alginate-based NPK (16:16:16) hydrogel fertilizer on the growth parameters of spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L.). The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Biology Education Program at the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Pasundan University, over 21 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments: negative control, hydrogel NPK concentrations of 3.4%, 4.4%, 5.4%, 6.4%, 7.4%, and positive control (fertilizer without hydrogel). The observed parameters included the number of leaves, plant height, and stem diameter. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, one-way ANOVA, and DMRT post-hoc tests with the assistance of SPSS version 29. The results showed that the treatment with a 5.4% concentration yielded the best results significantly for all three parameters: number of leaves (5.25 leaves), plant height (11.525 cm), and stem diameter (0.1748 cm). In conclusion, the 5.4% NPK hydrogel formulation is the most effective in promoting optimal and efficient growth of spinach plants.
Assessing glioblastoma cell population stability through bootstrap resampling of scRNA-seq data Andi Rosilala; Rohmatul Fajriyah; Linda Erlina; Nabilah Dwi Septiani
Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Volume 28 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/bioma.2026.83365

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) exhibits extreme cellular heterogeneity, comprising diverse tumor cell states and non-malignant microenvironment populations. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables resolution of this complexity, yet a critical unmet challenge persists: cluster reproducibility in GBM scRNA-seq studies is rarely validated, and standard clustering algorithms may generate artifactual partitions indistinguishable from biologically meaningful populations. To address this gap, we propose a cluster-wise bootstrap stability framework integrated with explicit tumor–microenvironment separation, an approach not previously applied systematically to GBM scRNA-seq data. We analyzed a public dataset (GSE131928; 10 tumors, 15,072 cells after quality control) and identified 14 clusters annotated via marker gene validation. Bootstrap resampling (100 iterations) with Jaccard coefficient quantification revealed that non-malignant populations (microglia/macrophage, oligodendrocytes) exhibited the highest stability (Jaccard >0.97). Among tumor states, MES-AC transitional and MES-like clusters were most stable (Jaccard 0.99 and 0.82), whereas NPC-like, AC-like, and rare populations showed low stability (Jaccard <0.5). Stability correlated positively with marker gene specificity, within-cluster homogeneity, and silhouette scores. These results demonstrate that cluster-wise bootstrap assessment provides a practical, quantitative criterion for distinguishing robust from unreliable cell populations, supporting more confident biological interpretation and therapeutic target prioritization in GBM.

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