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Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia

jppi
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Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Karawang

ISSN : 08535884 EISSN : 25026542 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia accepts articles in the field of fisheries, both sea and inland public waters. The journal presents results of research resources, arrest, oceanography, environmental, environmental remediation and enrichment of fish stocks.

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Articles 7 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)" : 7 Documents clear

LAJU TANGKAP, KOMPOSISI, SEBARAN, KEPADATAN STOK DAN BIOMASA UDANG DI LAUT JAWA Tirtadanu Tirtadanu; Suprapto Suprapto; Tri Ernawati
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Penangkapan udang di Laut Jawa telah dilakukan sejak lama dan aktivitasnya berpengaruh besar terhadap perubahan stok dan ekologi perairan. Data dan informasi terbaru terkait laju tangkap, komposisi, sebaran dan kepadatan stok udang diperlukan sebagai dasar dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya udang yang berkelanjutan di Laut Jawa. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui laju tangkap, komposisi, sebaran dan kepadatan stok udang di Laut Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan pada Oktober dan November 2015 dengan menggunakan armada Kapal Riset Madidihang 02 di Laut Jawa. Kepadatan stok diestimasi dengan metode sapuan. Enam belas spesies dari 6 genera udang ditemukan di Laut Jawa dengan lima spesies dominan adalah Metapenaeopsis palmensis (53,33%), Metapenaeus ensis (14,98%), Trachypenaeus malaiana (12,89%), Penaeus semisulcatus (6,16%) dan Metapenaeopsis stridulans (5,21%). Rerata panjang karapas udang yang dominan yaitu udang krosok (M. palmensis) adalah 14 mm untuk udang jantan dan 16 mm untuk udang betina. Secara horisontal, penyebaran udang tertinggi ditemukan di perairan selatan Kalimantan Tengah, perairan utara Sumenep, perairan sekitar Pulau Bawean dan utara Tegal. Berdasarkan pengalaman, penyebaran udang tertinggi ditemukan pada kedalaman 40-50 m. Rerata kepadatan stok udang di Laut Jawa sebesar 21,34 ± 16,81 kg/km2 dan laju tangkap sebesar 1 ± 0,5 kg/jam. Estimasi biomasa udang di Laut Jawa sebesar 9.938 ton. Shrimp resources in Java Sea have been exploited for years and its activity affected the changes of shrimps stock abundance and aquatic ecology. Data and the latest information about catch rate, composition, distribution, density and biomass of shrimps were required as a basis of sustainable management in Java Sea. The aim of this research were to determine catch rate, composition, distribution, density and biomass of shrimps in Java Sea. The Research was conducted from October until November 2015 using Research vessel Madidihang 02 in Java Sea. Swept Area Method was used for stock density estimation. The aims of this research were to determine catch rate, composition, distribution and stock density of shrimps in Java Sea. Sixteen species from 6 genera of shrimps were found in Java Sea. The Dominant species of shrimps in Java sea were Metapenaeopsis palmensis (53,33%), Metapenaeus ensis (14,98%), Trachypenaeus malaiana (12,89%), Penaeus semisulcatus (6,16%) and Metapenaeopsis stridulans (5,21%). The most dominant shrimps caught were velvet shrimps (M. palmensis) of the average size of 14 mm carapace length for males and 16 mm carapace length for females. The highest stock density of Penaeid shrimps were found in the southern waters of Kalimantan Central, northern waters of Sumenep and the waters around Bawean island and Northern waters of Tegal. The highest stock density were found in depth of 40-50 m. The average density of Penaeid shrimps in the Java sea was 21.34 ± 16.81 kg/km2 and the catch rate was 1±0,5 kg/hour. Biomass estimation of shrimps in Java Sea were 9.938 ton.

EFEKTIFKAH DAERAH PERLINDUNGAN LAUT (DPL)MENGKONSERVASI IKAN KARANG?STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN BIAK-NUMFOR DAN SUPIORI, PAPUA Sam Wouthuyzen; Jonas Lorwens; Frensly D. Hukom
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Sumber daya ikan karang (SDIK) dari salah satu ekosistem tropika wilayah pesisir yang sangat produktif, namun hingga kini belum diketahui stoknya, sehingga menyebabkan pengelolaan berkelanjutan sulit dilakukan,meskipun kawasan konservasi perikanan (Daerah Perlindungan Laut, DPL)sudah banyak didirikan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah mengetahui keefektifan DPL dalam konservasi SDIK di Kabupaten Biak-Numfor, dan Supiori melalui pembandingan stok SDIK dalam bentuk densitas ikan (ekor/m2) di DPL dan di luar DPL. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa SDIK (ikan Target, Indikator dan Mayor) menurun drastis hampir di semua lokasi kajian, akibat pemanfaatan yang tidak ramah lingkungan pada 1995, 2001 dan 2010-2012.Perbandingan densitas SDIK di luar DPL pada 2010-2012 dan di 20 lokasi DPL tradisonal yang didirikan masyarakat di wilayah kerja Coremap LIPI pada 2008 menunjukkan bahwa densitas SDIK ikan Target, Indikator dan Mayor di DPL masing-masing lebih tinggi 3-4 kali, 3-5 kali dan 2-3 kali. DPL tradisional terbukti efektif mengkonservasi SDIK, oleh karenanya pendirian DPL perlu terus dilanjutkan di banyak lokasi, seperti target pemerintah yang akan mendirikan 20 juta ha DPL hingg 2020. DPL yang telah ada juga perlu dipantau dan dirawat secara periodik agar efektif mengkonservasi SDIK. The reef fishes resources produced from one of productive tropical ecosystem in the coastal zones have not well known yet. Thus, it is difficult to conduct sustainable management on reef fishes, desipite there are many sanctuaries (DPL) have been established in Indonesia waters. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of DPL in the Biak-Numfor and Supiori Districts by comparing the reef fish stocks expressed as fish density (individuals/m2) between areas inside and outside DPL. Results show that the reef fish stocks (Target, Indicator and Major group) were drastically decreased in almost of study sites due to over exploitation and environmentally unfriendly fishing practises during 1995, 2001 to 2010-2012. Comparison of reef fishes density between outside DPL in 2010-2012 and inside of the 20 locations of traditional DPL established by local communities in 2008 within the Coremap LIPI working areas indicated that the density of reef fishes are 3-4, 3-5 and 2-3 times higher for Target, Indicator, and Major fish groups, respectively. Traditional DPL proves its role and its effectiveness as one of conservation tool to increase the reef fish stocks abundance Threfore, it is needed to estabish more DPL which have been targeted by government to reach 20 million ha of DPL by 2020. The exsisting DPL should be always be maintained in order they are effective in protecting the reef fish resources.

Karakteristik Penangkapan dan Produksi Ikan di Kabupaten Barito Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah Rupawan Rupawan; Aroef Hukmanan Rais
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

ABSTRAK Kabupaten Barito Selatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah memiliki potensi dan produksi perikanan yang besar dari perairan umum daratan. Wilayah rawa banjiran yang luas, jumlah alat tangkap yang bervariasi dan kegiatan penangkapan yang tinggi menjadi salah satu sumber potensi dan penopang perekonomian di wilayah ini. Tulisan ini menguraikan sebaran penggunaan alat tangkap berdasarkan lokasi dan musim penangkapan dan menganalisis pengaruh curah hujan terhadap laju tangkap dan komposisi hasil tangkapan pada beberapa alat tangkap di wilayah perairan Kabupaten Barito Selatan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan 12 orang nelayan enumerator di empat lokasi berbeda. Lokasi tersebut yaitu Danau Palui, Danau Pamait, Desa Jelapat, dan Danau Ganting. Terdapat tujuh jenis alat tangkap yaitu rawai (long line), tampirai (stage trap), lunta (cash net), banjur (stake line), rengge (gill net), lukah (pot trap) dan selambau (seine net). Data curah hujan diperoleh dari stasiun BMKG Kabupaten Barito Selatan. Data dikumpulkan selama sembilan bulan dari Februari hingga Oktober 2015. Nilai produksi dan laju tangkap dikorelasikan dengan curah hujan menggunakan uji-t, sedangkan hasil tangkapan di tabulasi sesuai jenis alat tangkap dan waktu penangkapan. Diperoleh nilai korelasi signifikan antara produksi, laju tangkap terhadap curah hujan. Sebaran alat tangkap banyak diperoleh bervariasi pada wilayah rawa banjiran yang dangkal. Sebanyak 43 spesies ikan yang tertangkap menggunakan tujuh jenis alat tangkap. Alat tangkap selambau (seine net) memiliki variasi hasil tangkapan tertinggi. The South Barito Regency has high potential and production of inland fisheries in Central Kalimantan Province. The large area of flood plain, various of fishing gears and intensive fishing. This paper describes the distribution of fishing gear utilization based on location and fishing season and, analyzes the effect of rainfall on the fishing rate and fish composition of several kind of fishing gears in South Barito Regency waters. Samples collection were done by 12 enumerators fishermen at four different locations. The locations include Palui lake, Pamait lake, Jelapat village, and Ganting lake. Fish production was tabulated based on fishing gear and fishing periode. Rainfall rate data were obtained from BMKG (Agency for Meterology, Climatology and Geophysic) of South Barito Regency. Data were collected during nine months from February to October 2015. Production and fishing rate were significantly correlated to rainfall rate with t-test.Results show that there were about 7 fishing gears such as: rawai (long line), tampirai (stage trap), lunta (cash net), banjur (stake line), rengge (gill net), lukah (pot trap) and selambau (seine net). There is a significant corellation between production and fishing rate to the rainfall rate. The distribution of fishing gear is more varied in shallow flood plain area. About 43 species of fish were caught using 7 different fishing gears. Selambau (seine net) caught the highest variation of fish species.

PARAMETER POPULASI HIU MARTIL (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA Agus Arifin Sentosa; Dharmadi Dharmadi; Didik Wahju Hendro Tjahjo
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Hiu martil (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) merupakan salah satu target tangkapan bagi perikanan artisanal di Indonesia. Dengan status konservasi masuk dalam Appendix II CITES, pengelolaan terhadap hiu martil telah menjadi perhatian khusus di bidang perikanan tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek parameter populasi hiu martil yang tertangkap di perairan selatan Nusa Tenggara pada periode Januari – Desember 2015. Data ukuran panjang dan jenis kelamin diperoleh di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan perangkat lunak FiSAT II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 634 ekor hiu martil yang tertangkap didominasi oleh jenis kelamin betina dengan sebaran ukuran panjang total berkisar antara 81 – 320 cm (rerata 211,2 cm) dan jenis kelamin jantan berkisar antara 91 – 310 cm (rerata 176,9 cm). Dominasi kelompok hiu muda yang belum matang kelamin berpotensi terjadinya recruitment overfishing. Hiu martil mampu mencapai panjang asimtot 399 cm. Laju pertumbuhan dan mortalitas jenis hiu jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis betina. Populasi hiu martil telah mengalami kondisi tangkap lebih sehingga perlu adanya regulasi dan pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya tetap lestari. The scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) is one of the main target fishing for artisanal shark fisheries in Indonesia. By the conservation status of Appendix II CITES, its management had been concerned in capture fisheries. This research aimed to assess some aspects of scalloped hammerhead shark population parameters caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara in the period from January to December 2015. Fish length and sex was obtained in Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The analysis was done descriptively used FiSAT II software. The results showed that 634 individuals of hammerhead shark caught dominated by female with a total length size distribution ranging between 81-320 cm (mean 211.2 cm) and male ranged between 91-310 cm (mean 176.9 cm). The dominance catch of juvenile sharks with immature was potential to recruitment overfishing. Sphyrna lewini was capable of reaching 399 cm asymptotic length. The growth rate and mortality of male sharks was higher than female. The population of S. lewini had been overfished so that the regulation and management are needed in order to maintain their sustainability of the population.

PENGARUH FASE BULAN TERHADAP WAKTU TEBAR PANCING DAN LAJU TANGKAP MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre, 1788) PADA ARMADA RAWAI TUNA Irwan Jatmiko; Bram Setyadji; Arief Wujdi
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Madidihang/yellowfin tuna merupakan salah satu jenis ikan tuna ekonomis penting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia dengan kontribusi hasil tangkapan yang terbanyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fase bulan terhadap waktu mulai tebar pancing dan laju tangkap madidihang pada armada rawai tuna. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh pemantau ilmiah pada armada rawai tuna yang sebagian besar berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali mulai Agustus 2005 hingga Juni 2014. Daerah penangkapan ikan dari armada rawai tuna yang diambil datanya berada di lokasi (lintang dan bujur) 9°-16° LS hingga 109°-120° BT. Analisis anova satu arah dan tes Tukey dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fase bulan terhadap waktu mulai tebar pancing dan laju tangkap madidihang. Total sebanyak 60 trip dan 1.467 hari operasi penangkapan armada rawai tuna dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis statistik anova satu arah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang nyata pada fase bulan terhadap waktu mulai tebar pancing (p<0,05). Selanjutnya, tes Tukey menunjukkan bahwa waktu mulai tebar pancing pada saat bulan purnama dimulai pada pukul 9:00 pagi hari. Waktu ini lebih lambat sekitar 2 jam dari pada waktu mulai tebar pancing pada ketiga fase bulan lainnya (perbani awal, perbani akhir dan bulan baru) yang dilakukan sekitar pukul 7:00 pagi hari. Analisis statistik anova satu arah juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar fase bulan terhadap laju tangkap madidihang (p<0,05). Selanjutnya, tes Tukey menunjukkan bahwa laju tangkap pada saat bulan baru dan perbani awal sebesar 0,13 ekor/100 mata pancing atau lebih besar dibandingkan nilai laju tangkap pada saat purnama dan perbani akhir yang hanya sebesar 0,09 ekor/100 mata pancing. Yellowfin tuna is one of the most economically important species for fisheries industry in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of lunar phase to the set time start and catch rate of yellowfin tuna on tuna longline vessels. Data collected by scientific observer on tuna longline vessels mainly based in Benoa Port, Bali from August 2005 to June 2014. Fishing ground of sampled longline tuna located from 9°-16° S to 109°-120° E. One-way anova analysis and Tukey test conducted to examine the effect of lunar phase to the set time start and catch rate of yellowfin tuna. A total of 60 trips and 1,467 fishing days of longline tuna fishing vessels operation have been sampled for in this study. One-way anova analysis showed that there was a significant difference of lunar phase to the set time start (p<0.05). Furthermore, Tukey test showed that the starting time for setting during the full moon begins at 9:00 am. Its time was around 2 hours slower than the start of setting of the other three moon phase (first quarter, last quarter and new moon) which start around 7:00 am. One-way anova analysis also showed that there was a significant difference of lunar phase to catch rate of yellowfin tuna (p<0.05). Furthermore, Tukey test confirmed that hook rate on new moon and first quarter was 0.13/100 hooks or 0.4 bigger than hook rate on full moon and last quarter with only 0.09/100 hooks.

DINAMIKA SPASIAL IKAN MESOPELAGIS (ceratoscopelus warmingii LÜTKEN, 1892) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA Andria Ansri Utama; Wudianto Wudianto
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Kajian mengenai ikan mesopelagis di perairan Samudera Hindia masih sangat terbatas, sehingga informasi terkait kelimpahan jenis ikan mesopelagis di Samudera Hindia sangat penting. Survei trawl lapisan pertengahan dilakukan pada tanggal 26 Juni-16 Juli 2015 di perairan laut lepas (high seas) Samudera Hindia untuk memperoleh data dan informasi tersebut dengan menggunakan kapal penelitian R.V. Dr. Fridtjof Nansen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi kedalaman vertikal di malam hari jenis yang dominan C.warmingii sesuai dengan kedalaman operasi trawl yaitu 86,9 ± 38,6 m. Namun pada siang hari tidak ditemukan spesies C. warmingii saat operasi trawl pada kedalaman rata-rata 444,3 ± 45,96 m. Diperkirakan ketika siang hari distribusi C. warmingii terkonsentrasi pada lapisan perairan lebih dalam sehingga tidak terjangkau oleh jaring trawl tersebut. Distribusi spasial secara horizontal pada malam hari menunjukkan pola konsentrasi tertinggi berada pada area gyre yang diindikasikan dengan pola geostrophic circulation. Sementara, prosentase C. warmingii yang merupakan hasil tangkapan seluruh stasiun trawl selama penelitian terdiri dari 2,58% fase larva, 27,21% juvenile, dan 60,21% dalam keadaan dewasa.Studies on mesopelagic fishes in the Indian Ocean are relatively limited, therefore data and information regarding spatial dynamic of the most abundant mesopelagic fish species Ceratoscopelus warmingii in the Indian Ocean would contribute a significant information on deepsea marine biodiversity. Pelagic-trawl stations were used to collect and identify the spatial dynamic of C. warmingii in the main scattering layers of the water column. Survey were carried out by RV Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in the high seas of Indian Ocean. Observation were made during day and night on 26th June to 16th July 2015 as part of the second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE 2). The result shows that vertical distributions of C. warmingii were concentrated at the average depth 86.9 ± 38.6 m during nighttime. There were no individuals found during the daytime at the average depth 444.3 ± 45.96 m, diurnal migrations of C. warmingii to more than the depth of trawl operation might explain the absent of this species. Horizontal spatial distribution of trawl catches (number per hour) during nighttime show high concentration of C. warmingii close to gyre indicated by geostrophic circulation. Moreover, the total catches of C. warmingii across the Indian Ocean are dominated by 60.21% adult, 27.21% juvenile, and 2.58% larvae, respectively.

SUMBER DAYA IKAN KARANG DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM GILI MATRA, LOMBOK BARAT Isa Nagib Edrus; Sasanti Retno Suharti
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2016): (Desember 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan ikan karang adalah indikator yang baik untuk menilai secara dini adanya dampak pada ekosistem terumbu karang dari sebab kegiatan manusia yang tinggal di sekitar Taman Wisata Alam Laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi sumber daya ikan karang yang ditinjau dari sisi keanekaragaman jenis, kepadatan individu, komposisi dan biomassa ikan karang dari kelompok fungsional ikan karang. Penelitian dilakukan pada September 2014 dengan metode sensus visual bawah air. Berat ikan didapat dengan cara mensubsitusikan panjang ikan ke rumus panjang berat (W= aXb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sedikitnya 27 spesies ikan indikator dan 84 spesies ikan target dari 16 famili. Kelompok ikan herbivora dijumpai 36 spesies dari 3 famili, ikan karnivora dijumpai 43 spesies dari 10 famili dan ikan planktivora 5 spesies dari 3 famili. Urutan dari 10 terbesar ikan karang yang dijumpai terdiri dari Ctenochaetus striatus (13 ekor/350m2), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (10,25 ekor/350m2), Acanthurus olivaceus (8,4 ekor/350m2), Parupeneus multifasciatus (6,5 ekor/350m2), Myripristis kuntee (5,5 ekor/350m2), Kyphosus cinerascens (5,25 ekor/350m2), Lutjanus kasmira (5,13 ekor/350m2), Acanthurus leucocheilus (4,9 ekor/350m2), Scarus ghobban (4,6 ekor/350m2), Parupeneus bifasciatus (4,6 ekor/350m2). Rata-rata kelimpahan ikan karang tertinggi 0,46 individu/m2 dan terendah 0,06 individu/m2. Rata-rata biomassa ikan karang 81,2 kg/350m2 dan terendah 4,69 kg/350m2. Ikan karang target tersedia 1.126 kg per hektar. Reef fish diversity and abundance are good indicators to assess early for impacts on coral reefs ecosystem resulted from human activities living in the adjacent waters of the Gili Matra Tourism Marine Park. The study objective is to identify reef fish resources with regards to species deversity, density, composition and biomass of reef fish functional groups. The work was carried out in September 2014 with a census visual method. Body weight is derived from putting in fish length to weight-length formula (W=aLb). The results show that there were at least 27 species of coralivorous fishes and 84 species of target fish belong to 16 families. There were 36 herbivorous fishes of three families, 43 carnivorous fishes of ten families, and 5 planktivorous fishes of three families. The ten greatest of reef fish biomass were consisted of Ctenochaetus striatus (13 individual/350m2), Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (10.25 individual/350m2), Acanthurus olivaceus (8.4 individual/350m2), Parupeneus multifasciatus (6.5 individual/350m2), Myripristis kuntee (5.5 individual/350m2), Kyphosus cinerascens (5,25 individual/350m2), Lutjanus kasmira (5.13 individual/350m2), Acanthurus leucocheilus (4.9 individual/350m2), Scarus ghobban (4.6 individual/350m2), Parupeneus bifasciatus (4.6 individual/350m2). The abundance of individual reef fish was ranged from the highest of 0.46 individu/m2 to the lowest of 0.06 individual/m2. The biomass of reef fish was ranged from the highest of 81.2 kg/350m2 to the lowest of 4.69 kg/350m2. The target fish was available for 1.126 kg per hectar.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Endang Sriyati

Contact Email
jppi.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
jppi.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. karawang,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Endang Sriyati

Contact Email jppi.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

Phone -

Journal Mail Official jppi.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

Editorial Address -

Location Kab. karawang, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Endang Sriyati

Contact Email
jppi.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
jppi.puslitbangkan@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kab. karawang,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA