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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
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Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 3 (2018)" : 8 Documents clear
Individual and Environmental Risk Factors of Tuberculosis: A New Evidence from Ponorogo, East Java Sayidah, Diana; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: For centuries, TB has been linked anecdotally with environmental risk factors that go hand-in-hand with poverty: indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, malnutrition, over­crowded living conditions, and excessive alcohol use. But to date, there is no empirical evidence from East Java, Indonesia, to support these anecdotal evidences. The purpose of this study was to provide new evidence on the individual and environmental risk factors of tuberculosis in Po­no­ro­go, East Java.Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in Ponorogo, East Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was tuberculosis. The independent variables were age, gen­der, education, nutritional status, dwelling density, smoking, and alcohol drinking. Data on tuberculosis infection status were obtained from the medical record at District Health Office Po­no­­rogo. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic re­gres­sion on Stata 13.Results: Age ≥ 44 years (b= 3.18; 95% CI= 1.66 to 4.69; p<0.001), nutritional status (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.02 to 2.82; p=0.046), dwelling density ≥ 5 (b= 1.87; 95% CI= 0.37 to 3.36; p=0.014), smoking (b= 2.23; 95% CI= 0.61 to 3.85; p=0.007), and alcohol drinking (b= 2.83; 95% CI= 1.38 to 4.27; p<0.001) were associated with increased risk of tuberculosis. Higher education (b= -2.56; 95% CI= -4.16 to -0.96; p=0.002) and female (b= -1.36; 95% CI= -2.92 to -0.20; p=0.087) were associated with decreased risk of tuberculosis.Conclusion: Age, nutritional status, dwelling density, smoking, alcohol drinking, education, and female, are shown in this study to be the risk factors of tuberculosis.Keywords: tuberculosis, individual factor, environmental factorCorrespondence: Diana Sayidah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dianasayidah13@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282234721294.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 353-360https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.06
Predictors of Hypertension in Post-Menopausal Women in Surakarta, Central Java Pradani, Amalia Dinda Ayu; Mudigdo, Ambar; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension caused 45% mortality of heart disease and 51% mortality of stroke in 2014. Young women have a lower risk of hypertension than men. The risk increases after menopause due to lower estrogen production. This study aimed to estimate the biopsychosocial factors affecting hypertension in post-menopausal women in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were obesity, healthy diet, history of contraceptive use, family support, and family history of hypertension. Data of blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. Other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of hypertensionin post-menopuse women increased with obesity (OR= 13.00; 95% CI=2.99 to 56.51; p=0.001), family history of hypertension (OR=9.99; 95% CI=2.54 to 39.19; p=0.001), and history of hormonal contraceptive use (OR=10.11; 95% CI=2.60 to 39.25; p=0.001). The risk of hypertension in post-menopuse women decreased with healthy diet (OR= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.55; p= 0.004) and strong family support (OR= 0.09; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.39; p=0.001).Conclusion: The risk of hypertension post-menopause women is affected by obesity, family history of hypertension, history of hormonal contraceptive use, healthy diet, and strong family support. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 312-322https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.02
Biopsychosocial Factors Affecting the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Surakarta, Central Java Romadhoni, Dea Linia; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are injuries and disorders that affect the hu­man body’s movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.). The impacts of MSD include reduced activity, reduction of work abi­lity, and use of health care (seeing a health professional or taking prescription or non­prescription medication). Studies investigating risk factors of MSD are lacking in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate biopsychosocial factors affecting the risk of MSD in Sura­karta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta, Central Java from April to May 2018. A sample of 116 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was MSD. The independent variable were gender, history of chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), stress, occupational type, environmental working, and working posture. Data on MSD status were taken from medical record. Working posture was measured by REBA questionnaire. Other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of MSDs was directly increased with BMI ≥25 (OR= 1.22; 95% CI= 0.15 to 2.30; p= 0.026), history of chronic disease (OR= 2.02; 95% CI= 0.96 to 3.08; p<0.001), heavy occupational type (OR= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.43 to 2.68; p<0.007), and poor working posture (REBA score ≥4) (OR= 1.75; 95% CI= 0.65 to -2.86; p= 0.002). The risk of MSDs was indirectly affected by environmental working, stress, and gender.Conclusion: The risk of MSDs is directly increased with BMI ≥25, history of chronic disease, heavy occupational type, and poor working posture (REBA score ≥4), and is indirectly affected by environmental working, stress, and gender.Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, biopsychosocial factorCorrespondence: Dea Linia Romadhoni. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: dealinia08@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282227862718.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 361-368https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.07
Multilevel Analysis: Biopsychosocial Determinants and Environmental Factor on the Incidence of Diarrhea Among Children Under Five in Surakarta Zicof, Erick; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is an endemic disease with a potential to become an epidemic in Indonesia. Diarrhea most often occurs in children under five years of age. This study aimed to determine the relationship between biopsychosocial factors, environmental factor, and diarrhea occurrence in Surakarta, Central Java, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted on October 2017 - April 2018. A sample of 200 children under five years of age was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 100 children with diarrhea and 100 without diarrhea. The dependent variable was the incidence of diarrhea. The independent variables were the number of family members, maternal knowledge, maternal personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel logistic regression in Stata 13.Results: The number of family member (b= 1.09; 95% CI= 0.02 to 2.15; p< 0.046) increased the risk of diarrhea. Good maternal knowledge (b= -2.30; 95% CI= -3.46 to -1.14; p<0.001), good maternal personal hygiene (b= -2.09; 95% CI= -3.48to-0.70; p<0.003), and good environmental sanitation (b= -1.64; 95% CI= -2.84to -0.43; p= 0.008) decreased the risk of diarrhea in children under five. The village had a substantial contextual effect on the incidence of diarrhea with ICC= 66.14%.Conclusion: The number of family member increases the risk of diarrhea. Good maternal knowledge, good maternal personal hygiene, and good environmental sanitation decrease the risk of diarrhea in children under five. Village has a substantial contextual effect on the incidence of diarrheaKeywords: diarrhea, number of family member, maternal knowledge, maternal personal hygiene, village, contextual effectCorrespondence: Erick Zicof. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: erickzicof@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281363425870.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 323-330https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.03
Self Care, Drug Taking Adherence, and their Association with Complication in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Putri, Widya Kaharani; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Indarto, Dono
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue. The incidence of DM worldwide was about 6.4% (285 million people) in 2010 and it is projected to increase to 7.7% in 2030. Diabetes is associated with a number of challenges. The disease has a great influence on the patient’s daily life, their relatives, nurses and physicians. Complications of diabetes represent the major causes of morbidity and mortality that are associated with this chronic metabolic disorder. This study aimed to examine the associations of self care and drug taking adherence with the risk of complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at Dr.Soeroto Hospital, Ngawi, East Java. A sample of 150 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 patients with and 75 patients without complication. The dependent variable was complication. The independent variables were self care, drug taking adherence, motivation, duration of illness, family support, and health personnel support. Data on complication of type 2 DM were obtained from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of type 2 DM complication decreased with better self care (b = -3.34; 95% CI= -4.47 to -2.22; p<0.001) and adherence to drug taking (b = -3.73; 95% CI= -5.06 to -2.41; p<0.001). The risk of type 2 DM complication was indirectly affected by motivation, duration of illness, education, family support, and health personnel support.Conclusion: The risk of type 2 DM complication decreases with better self care and adherence to drug taking. The risk of type 2 DM complication is indirectly affected by motivation, duration of illness, education, family support, and health personnel supportKeywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, complication, self care, drug taking adherenceCorrespondence: Widya Kaharani Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widya.kaharani@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281515932993.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 369-375https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.08
Path Analysis: Psychososial and Economic Factors Affecting Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five in Jayapura, Papua Tungga, Tersia Marentiva; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition and death in children under five. Studies have shown that there are some factors contributing to the incidence of diarrhea in infants. This study aimed to examine the psychosocial and economic factors affecting diarrhea incidence in children under five in Jayapura, Papua.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in North Jayapura Subdistrict, Papua, in February 2018. A sample of 200 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 100 children with diarrhea and 100 children without diarrhea. The dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent variables were maternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation. The data were collected by questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis in Stata 13.Results: The risk of diarrhea increased with poor personal hygiene (b= -1.04; 95% CI= -1.75 to -0.33; p= 0.004), poor environmental sanitation (b= -1.90; 95% CI= -2.59 to -1.21; p<0.001), poor nutritional status (b= -1.27; 95% CI= -2.02 to -0.52; p= 0.001). The risk of diarrhea was indirectly affected by exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, and family income.Conclusion: The risk of diarrhea increases with poor personal hygiene, poor environmental sanitation, poor nutritional status, and indirectly affected by exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, and family income.Keywords: psychosocial factor, economic factor, diarrhea, children under fiveCorrespondence: Tersia Marentiva Tungga. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: tersiatungga@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285244754188.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 331-341https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.04
Analysis of the Contextual Effect of Village Characteristics and Other Determinants of Diarrhea in Children Under Five, Banjarnegara, Central Java Cahyaningrum, Lusia Arina; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diarrheal disease is the leading cause of child death and illness in the world. Diarrhea is one of the most potent endemic diseases in Indonesia. Children under five were the most affected group by this disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutritional status, information exposure, prevention behavior, income, social capital, and environmental sanitation on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Banjarnegara District, Central Java, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Banjarnegara, Central Java, from January to February 2018. A total of 25 villages was selected using stratified random sampling, based on village stratification criteria. A sample of 250 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 125 children with diarrhea and 125 healthy children. The dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent variables at level 1 were nutritional status, information exposure, prevention behavior, income, social capital, and environmental sanitation. Village stratification was used as the contextual factor at level 2. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel logistic regression analysis using Stata 13.Results: Poor nutritional status (b= 1.33; 95% CI= -0.14 to 2.82; p= 0.077), poor prevention behavior (b= 1.52; 95% CI= 0.81 to 2.24; p<0.001), low income (b= 1.52; 95% CI= 0.80 to 2.25; p<0.001), weak social capital (b= 1.80; 95 % CI= 1.04 to 2.56; p<0.001), and poor environmental sanitation (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.39 to 1.85; p= 0.003) increased the risk of diarrhea. Exposure to information (b= 0.90; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.64; p= 0.015) decreased the risk of diarrhea. The village stratification showed a strong contextual effect on the incidence of diarrhea with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 15.78%.Conclusion: Poor nutritional status, poor personal hygiene, low income, weak social capital, and poor environmental sanitation increase the risk of diarrhea.Keywords: determinant, diarrhea, children under five, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Lusia Arina Cahyaningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: lusiaarina@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282226835687.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 342-352https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.05
Environmental Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Children Under-Five in Nduga District, Papua Yeimo, Yulianda; Qadrijati, Isna; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. In 2016 UNICEF had reported that pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death among children under five, killing approximately 2,400 children a day. Mortality due to childhood pneumonia is strongly associated to poverty, lack of safe water and sanitation, indoor air pollution and absence of basic immunization. This study aimed to determine the environmental factors associated with pneumonia in children under-five in Nduga, Papua, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case-control design. This study was conducted in Yigi and Mbua Sub-districts, Nduga District, Papua, Indonesia, from December 2017 to February 2018. A sample of 184 children under-five consisting of 88 children with pneumonia (case) and 96 children without pneumonia (control), was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The independent variables were BCG immunization status, family income, indoor household air pollution, and environmental sanitation. The dependent variable was pneumonia. Data were collected by questionnaire and medical record. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of pneumonia in children under-five increased by absence of BCG immunization (OR= 6.15; 95% CI= 2.78 to 13.61; p< 0.001), poor indoor household air pollution (OR= 5.68; 95% CI= 2.63 to 12.26; p< 0.001), and poor sanitation (OR= 5.06; 95% CI= 2.16 to 11.83; p<0.001). The risk of pneumonia in children under-five decreased by higher family income (OR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.70; p= 0.005).Conclusion: Pneumonia in children under five is associated with indoor household air pollution, poor sanitation, absence BCG immunization, and lower family income.Keywords: pneumonia, indoor pollution, sanitation, BCG immunization, family incomeCorrespondence: Yulianda Yeimo. Nduga District Health Office, Jl. Kesehatan, Kabupaten Nduga, Papua. Email: yulianda.yeimo@gmail.com. Mobile: 082198811311.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2018), 3(3): 307-311https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2018.03.03.01

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