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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 1 (2019)" : 8 Documents clear
Does Circadian Rhythm and Environment Factor Affect the Risk of Breast Cancer? A New Evidence from Kediri, East Java Ningtyas, Anindiya; Mudigdo, Ambar; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

 Background:  Disruption of sleep patterns, and thereby the internal body clock, of shift workers directly influences their physiology and the rate of cancer development. Studies have shown that working night shifts three or more times per month elevates the risk of breast cancer in humans. Disrupted expression of circadian genes can alter breast biology and may promote cancer. This study aimed to examine the effects of circadian rhythm and environment factor on the risk of breast cancer in Kediri, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Kediri, East Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 200 women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was breast cancer. The independent variables were work schedule, sleep duration, room light, room temperature, chemical exposure, and air pollution. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: Circadian rhythm and environment factor affected the risk of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer increased with irregular shift work schedule (OR= 5.82; 95% CI= 2.26 to 14.95; p<0.001), sleep duration <5 hours (OR= 6.32; 95% CI= 2.59 to 15.39; p<0.001), room light (OR= 7.03; 95% CI= 2.39 to 20.65; p<0.001), warm room temperature (OR= 13.48; 95% CI= 5.26 to 34.53; p<0.001), air pollution (OR= 8.21; 95% CI= 3.19 to 21.11; p<0.001), and chemical exposure (OR= 2.90; 95% CI= 1.22 to 6.84; p= 0.015).Conclusion: The risk of breast cancer increased with irregular shift work schedule, sleep duration <5 hours, room light, warm room temperature, air pollution, and chemical exposure.Keywords: breast cancer, circadian rhythm, environment factorCorrespondence: Anindiya Ningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: Anindyaningtyas.an@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282232189898. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 20-29https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.03
Socioeconomic Determinants of Healthy Ageing and the Contextual Effect of Peer Group: A Multilevel Evidence from Blora, Central Java Cahyaningtyas, Niena Ayu; Sudiyanto, Aris; Soemanto, RB.
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Healthy ageing is about "optimizing opportunities for good health, so that older people can take an active part in society and enjoy an independent and high quality of life". This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic determinants of healthy ageing and the contextual effect of peer group in Blora, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Blora, Central Java.A sample of 200 elderly was selected for this study by snowball sampling. The dependent variable was healthy ageing. The independent variables were nutrition intake, age, religiosity, education, and perceived financial position. Data on healthy ageing was collected by WHOQOL-BREF. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel model.Results: Healthy ageing was positively affected by strong religous belief (b= 6.75; 95% CI= 3.91 to 9.59; p<0.001), better education (b= 8.16; 95% CI= 4.26 to 12.07; p<0.001), better perceived financial position (b= 6.46; 95% CI= 2.86 to 10.07; p<0.001), and good nutritional status (b= 6.79; 95% CI= 3.76 to 9.83; p<0.001).Conclusion: Healthy ageing is positively affected by strong religous belief, better education, better perceived financial position, and good nutritional status.Keywords: healthy ageing, religious belief, elderly, ageing, peer support groupCorrespondence: Niena Ayu Cahyaningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: niena.ayu21@gmail.com. Mobile: 085640776171Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 30-36https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.04 
Risk Factors of Dengue Fever: Application of PRECEDE – PROCEED Model Ayuningtyas, Kanthi Devi; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Dengue infection is one of the main health problems in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries. This study aims to analyze the factors that play a role in the occurrence of dengue fever cases by applying the PRECED - PROCEED model.Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was conducted at 8 sub-districts in Sukoharjo, Central Java, from May to July 2018. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, comprising 50 peoples with dengue fever and 150 peoples without dengue fever. The dependent variables were dengue fever. The independent variables were intention, attitude, education, dengue fever prevention, family income, and sanitation. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: The risk of dengue fever was directly reduced by good environmental sanitation (b= -1.32, 95% CI= -2.09 to -0.54, p= 0.001) and good prevention behavior (b= -2.61, 95% CI= -3.55 to -1.67, p<0.001). The risk of dengue fever was indirectly affected by intention, attitude, education, and family income.Conclusion: The risk of dengue fever is directly reduced by good environmental sanitation and good prevention behavior. The risk of dengue fever is indirectly affected by intention, attitude, education, and family income.Keywords: dengue fever, preventive behavior, environmental sanitation, PRECEDE-PROCEED modelCorrespondence: Kanthi Devi Ayuningtyas. School of Health Sciences Patria Husada, Blitar. Jl. Sudanco Supriyadi No 168, Blitar, East Java. Email: kanthideviayuningtyas@gmail.com. Mobile: 08125266956.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 37-46https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.05
Multilevel Analysis: Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Primary School Children in Surakarta, Central Java Rini, Arum Kusuma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Life course studies have shown that early onset obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality later in life. In both sexes, rates of diabetes, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, hip fracture, and gout were increased in those who were overweight as adolescents. Contextual factor at higher level such as school may have indirect effect on the incidence of overweight or obesity through eating behavior. However, studies into factors affecting child obesity in Indonesia using multilevel approach are lacking. This study aimed to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity in primary school children in Surakarta, Central Java, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at 25 primary schools in Surakarta, Central Java, from March to April 2018. A sample of 225 primary school children was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 children with overweight or obesity and 150 children with normal weight. The variables of children were placed at the first level of the multilevel model. The potential contextual effect of school was determined at the second level. The dependent variable was overweight or obesity. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal body mass index (BMI), physical activity, family income, and school environment. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: Child overweight or obesity was positively associated with maternal BMI ≥25 (b= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.18; p= 0.002) and high family income (b= 0.04; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.06; p< 0.001). Child overweight or obesity was negatively associated with high physical activity (b= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.05 to -0.01; p= 0.009). School environment had a negligible contextual effect on child obesity with ICC= 5.08%.Conclusion: Child obesity is positively associated with maternal BMI ≥25 and family income, and is negatively associated with physical activity. School environment has a negligible contextual effect on child obesity.Keywords: obesity, primary school children, maternal body mass index, physical activityCorrespondence: Arum Kusuma Rini. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: arumkusumarini@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282133044191.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 1-8https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.01
Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Osteoarthritis: A Path Analysis Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java Kusumaningtyas, Mei; Tamtomo, Didik; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal conditions are an important public health problem. The population burden from arthritis is considerable. The implications of this burden are poor quality of life, restrictions in daily activities, and disability. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with the occurrence of osteoarthritis in Surakarta, Central Java, using a path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, in June 2018. A sample of 200 patients was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 50 knee OA patients and 150 patients without knee OA. The dependent variable was knee OA. The dependent variables were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, history of injury, and physical activity. Data on knee OA, BMI, and diabetes mellitus status were obtained from medical record. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of OA increased with diabetes mellitus (b=1.04; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.92; p=0.020), older age (b= 4.03; 95% CI= 1.97 to 6.09; p<0.001), and BMI ≥25 (b= 1.28; 95% CI= 0.39 to 2.17; p= 0.005). The risk of OA decreased with history of knee injury (b= -0.90; 95% CI= 0.57 to 1.74; p= 0.003) and female (b= -1.19; 95% CI= -2.06 to -0.31; p=0.008). The risk of OA was indirectly affected by physical activity, female gender, and BMI.Conclusion: The risk of OA increases with diabetes mellitus, older age, and BMI ≥25, but decreases with history of knee injury and female gender.The risk of OA is indirectly affected by physical activity, female gender, and BMI.Keywords: knee osteoarthritis, sociodemographic factor, diabetes mellitus, path analysisCorrespondence:Mei Kusumaningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: meikusumaningtyas@gmail.com. Mobile : +6285725646444Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 9-19https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.02
Risk Factors for Diarrhea Cases in Communities Living Along Deli River, North Sumatera Susanti, Elvita
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diarrhea disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five yea­rs old, and is responsible for killing around 525,000 children every year. Interventions to pr­e­vent diarrhea, including safe drinking-water, use of improved sanitation and hand wa­sh­i­ng with soap can reduce disease risk. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of dia­r­r­h­e­a­ among communities living along Deli river, North Sumatera.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in communities living along Deli river, North Sumatera. A sample of 96 study subjects was selected for this study. Th­e dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent variables were use of toilet, clean water, hand wash, processing of waste, human excreta. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of diarrhea increased with lack of toilet use (OR= 1.67; 95% CI= 0.99 to 2.7­9; p= 0.040), poor use of clean water (OR= 1.66; 95% CI= 1.02 to 2.70; p= 0.035), hand wa­shing without soap (OR= 1.74; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.68; p= 0.002), poor garbage management (OR= 2.50; 95% CI= 1.33 to 4.89; p= 0.001), and improper human excreta disposal (OR= 1.64; 95­%­ CI= 1.04 to 2.60; p= 0.032).Conclusion: The risk of diarrhea increases with lack of toilet use, lack of clean water, hand wa­shing without soap, poor waste management, and improper human excreta disposal.Keywords: diarrhea, personal hygiene, sanitationCorrespondence: Elvita Susanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Suma­t­e­ra U­tara, Jl. Universitas No. 21, Medan, North Sumatera. Email: elvitasusantiskm@gmail.­c­o­m. ­Mobile: 081375520310, 08116005324.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 47-54https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.06
Factors Associated with Tuberculosis in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera Syahputra, Fahmi; Parhusip, Rudolf S.; Siahaan, Jekson Martiar
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health problem in most developing countries and its incidence is rising in many developed countries. This study aimed to examine factors associated with tuberculosis in Deli Serdang, North SumateraSubjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. A sample of 190 study subjects was selected for this study comprising of 95 TB patients and 95 non-TB patients. The dependent variable was tuberculosis. The independent variables were sex, education, BCG immunization, smoking, nutritional status, and dwelling density. Data on TB status were taken from medical record. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of TB decreased with female sex (OR= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.11 to 0.98; p= 0.046). The risk of TB increased with low education (OR= 8.47; 95% CI= 3.01 to 23.80; p<0.001), had no BCG immunization (OR= 8.86; 95% CI= 3.28 to 23.94; p<0.001), smoking (OR 6.69; 95% CI= 2.20 to 20.38; p=0.001), high dwelling density (OR= 10.35; 95% CI= 4.06 to 26.41; p<0.001), and poor nutritional status (OR= 3.44; 95% CI= 0.85 to 14.03; p= 0.085).Conclusion: The risk of TB decreases with female sex, but increases with low education, had no BCG immunization, smoking, high dwelling density, and poor nutritional status.Keywords: Tuberculosis, sex, BCG immunization, dwelling density, nutritional statusCorrespondence: Fahmi Syahputra. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Jl. Hang Tuah No.8, Madras Hulu, Medan Polonia, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20151. Email: fahmisyahputra213@yahoo.comJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 55-59https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.07
Associations of Contact History, Smoking Status, Nutrition Status, Anti Retrovirus Treatment, and TB HIV Co-infection Among People with HIV/AIDS Manurung, Adymulianto
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection causes a heavy burden on health care systems and poses particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Studies into predictors of TB-HIV co-infection is lacking in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the associations of contact history, smoking status, nutrition status, ARV treatment, and TB HIV co-infection among people with HIV/AIDS (PLWH).Subjects and Method: This was a unmatched case-control study conducted in Balige, North Sumatera. A sample of 82 people living with HIV/AIDS was selected for this study, comprising 41 cases with and 41 controls without TB-HIV co-infection. The dependent variable was TB-HIV co-infection. The independent variables were contact history, smoking status, nutrition status, and anti retroviral (ARV) treatment. The data on HIV/AIDS co-infection were taken from the medical record at HKBP Committee HIV/AIDS service. Other variables were measured by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.Results: 82.9% of PLWH had no contact history with TB patients, 56.1% had poor nutrition status, 78% were smokers, and 58.5% had irregular ARV treatment. The risk of TB HIV co-infection increased with poor nutrition status (OR=3.48; p=0.014), smoking (OR=3.39; p=0.021), and irregular ARV treatment (OR=10.16; p<0.001). Test results multiple ARV treatment is the most dominant variable affecting the incidence of TB-HIV co-infection (OR= 8.04; 95% CI= 2.47 to 26.18; p<0.001).Conclusion: The risk of TB HIV co-infection increases with poor nutrition status, smoking status, and irregular ARV treatment.Keywords: TB, HIV co-infection, nutrition status, smoking, ARV treatment, people living with HIV/AIDSCorrespondence: Adymulianto Manurung. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas n0.21, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20115. Email: adymulianto_manurung@yahoo.com. Mobile: 085296652111.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 60-64https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.08

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