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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490265     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)" : 8 Documents clear
A Rare Case Of Retinal Arterial Microaneurysm: Clinical Features And Diagnostic Insights Yuna, Uray Nabila; Ihsan, Grimaldi; Virgana, Rova; Kartasasmita, Arief S.; Iskandar, Erwin; Widyanatha, Made Indra
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.773

Abstract

Background: In Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms (RAM), the central retinal artery suffers from acquired focal hypertension. Clinical manifestations of the disease are diverse and easily misdiagnosed. Several imaging modalities may be used in order to confirm the diagnosis of RAM. This article aims to describe the clinical features and method of diagnosis of an uncommon case of retinal artery microaneurysm. Case report: A 57-year-old woman presented with a progressive loss of vision in her right eye months prior. Visual acuity in the right eye was 0.8 log 13. Upon funduscopic inspection of the right eye, firm exudates with low tortuosity and submacular hemorrhage were observed. The right eye’s OCTA revealed a localized expansion and significant constriction with twisted blood vessels on the reverse side of the deformed vessel, while the OCT of the macula revealed submacular hemorrhage. The patient was diagnosed with ruptured retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm or Macular Telangiectasia Type I and Retinopathy Hypertensive Grade II of both eyes, No Diabetic Retinopathy of both eyes with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. The right eye of the patient received concentrated laser photocoagulation and an intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF. Conclusion: RAM is an acquired vascular disease defined by restricted, fusiform, or saccular dilation in the first three arteries of the main retinal artery. Retinal microaneurysms can be diagnosed with various imaging modalities. Ram may be treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs, combination therapy, or laser photocoagulation.
Association of Antiretroviral Regimens and CD4 Counts with Dyslipidemia in HIV Patients: Implications for Metabolic Management Rosandy, Milanitalia Gadys; Candradikusuma, Didi; Yudha, Nyoman Satvika Dharma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.797

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia, a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different ART regimens on lipid profiles in HIV patients and identify regimens with better outcomes in lipid profile levels. Subjects and Method: An observational study was conducted from June to August 2024 at Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. Participants were recruited using consecutive random sampling, including HIV patients on ART for at least three months. Independent variables included ART regimens and CD4 counts, while the dependent variable was dyslipidemia status. Data were collected via demographic forms, medical record reviews, and lipid profile analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 110 participants, 38.2% were identified with dyslipidemia. The highest dyslipidemia rates were observed in patients using the Duviral Alluvial regimen (80.0%), followed by Duviral Neviral (71.4%). Newer regimens, TLD and TLE, were associated with lower dyslipidemia rates (31.3% and 36.0%, respectively; p = 0.045). A significant association was also noted between dyslipidemia and CD4 counts, with dyslipidemic patients showing higher mean CD4 counts (560.29 cells/μL) compared to non-dyslipidemic individuals (378.40 cells/μL; p = 0.009). Conclusion: Newer ART regimens such as TLD and TLE are associated with better lipid profile outcomes and lower dyslipidemia risk compared to older regimens. Higher CD4 counts may reflect an increased risk of lipid abnormalities, emphasizing the need for lipid monitoring and regimen optimization in HIV care.
Risk Factors for Nasal Symptoms, Olfactory Disorders and Mucociliary Transport in Factory Workers Dewi, Anna Mailasari Kusuma; Kristyanto, Jarod Wahyu
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.800

Abstract

Background: Occupational exposure to a variety of individual chemicals has been associated with olfactory dysfunction, which is important for many occupational groups that rely on intact olfactory function to perform their jobs and for their safety. We aim to determine the risk factors for nasal symptoms, olfactory disorders and mucociliary transport in spice factory workers in Semarang. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study. A sample of 600 factory workers filled out the NOSE Scale and QOD-NS questionnaires, having their ears, nose, and throat examined, and calculated the time in which the participants tasted sweetness after being given saccharin to the inferior turbinate. The analysis used were univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Of 600 respondents, 52.2% were women, 87.8% had reported no nassal symptoms, 81.5% had normal NOSE scale, and 83.3% had normal mucociliary transport. Risk factors for nasal disorders, smell disorders, and mucociliary transport disorders were age ≥40 years old, male, smoking, longer exposure time, obesity, and PPE use. Conclusion: There is a significant association between occupational risk factors and nasal symptoms, olfactory disorders and mucociliary transport disorders. The most influential factor is discipline in using PPE to prevent nasal disorders, olfactory disorders and mucociliary transport disorders.
Duration vs Discipline: Uncovering Therapy Adherence Antiretrovirals in People with HIV Asmara, Yusuf Vindra; -, Evi Nurhayatun; - Putri, Desy Puspa
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.803

Abstract

Background: HIV is a retrovirus targeting the immune system, requiring continuous antiretro-viral therapy (ARVs) for effective management. In Indonesia, 329,581 HIV cases were documented from 1987 to 2022, with only 51% receiving ARVs. Adherence is crucial for treatment success, but prolonged therapy may impact medication compliance. This study investigates the correlation between ARV treatment duration and adherence levels at Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) clinic, involving 60 HIV-diagnosed individuals selected through purposive sampling. Therapy duration was extracted from medical records, and adherence was assessed using the MMAS-8 questionnaire during June and July 2024. Bivariate analysis employed the Spearman correlation coefficient test. Results: The study sample predominantly consisted of individuals aged 36-45 years, with the majority having completed high school education. The mean therapy duration was 5.60 ± 3.64 years, ranging from 1 to 15 years. Adherence levels varied significantly, with 48.3% of patients demonstrating high adherence, characterized by a mean therapy duration (Mean= 6.86 years; SD= 3.62). Moderate adherence was observed in 16.7% of participants, with a mean therapy duration (Mean= 6.60 years; SD= 2.55). Low adherence was found in 35.0% of patients, associated with a shorter mean therapy duration (Mean= 3.38 years; SD= 3.14). There was a positive and sig¬nificant association between therapy duration and adherence level (r= 0.415; p= 0.001). Conclusion: The length of antiretroviral therapy (ART) exhibits a favorable correlation with adherence levels among individuals living with HIV. An extended duration of the therapeutic regimen is correlated with an enhanced adherence rate. This observation underscores the significance of sustained support, particularly during the initial years of the treatment course.
Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Health Applications for HIV/AIDS Prevention: A Systematic Review Aulia Dwi Yuliana; Majid, Nurholis; Auvaq, Ahnav Bil; Pertiwi, Eksa Satya; Immanuela, Jessica Febe
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.808

Abstract

Background: HIV/AIDS has become a global problem that continues to increase every year, despite various prevention efforts such as health education and HIV screening. To overcome this challenge, innovative strategies are needed by integrating artificial intelligence and digital technology to develop more effective HIV/AIDS prevention interventions.     Method: The research method used was a desk review or systematic review related to artificial intelligence and machine learning in HIV prevention and PrEP use. The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with study criteria published in 2015-2024. The keywords used are “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and HIV”,“Artificial Intelligence and HIV”, “Machine Learning and HIV, ‘Artificial Intelligence and HIV’ and Systematic Review”, “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in HIV/AIDS Prevention”.                      Results: Based on the results of the review, AI and ML have proven to be effective in improving HIV/AIDS prevention programs. Benefits include the use of digital data to detect at-risk groups, virtual reality programs to help with status disclosure, chatbots for education, and data analysis to understand the causes of transmission and how to prevent it. An HIV prevention chatbot that can aid in prevention messaging, encourage self-testing, and personalized treatment strategies would be transformational in a low-resource setting. Conclusion: AI and ML approaches can be an important solution in improving the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention programs, although they are still at an early stage and face various challenges. Future research should identify the potential of AI and ML to be developed and implemented more widely.          
Factors Related to HIV/AIDS Risk Behavior in Ship Crew at Tenau Kupang Port Dere, Neltji Marsalina; Weraman, Pius; Manurung, Imelda FE; Syamruth, Yendris K; Wahyuni, MM Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.826

Abstract

Background: In 2022, East Nusa Tenggara recorded the highest number of HIV-AIDS cases in the province, with a total of 151 patients. HIV-AIDS infections are spread across six districts: Oebobo (27.8%), Maulafa (18.5%), Kelapa Lima (22.5%), Alak (16.5%), Kota Lama (4.6%), and Kota Raja (10%). HIV cases in Indonesia have fluctuated from 2019 to 2022 due to a significant percentage of high-risk behaviors exhibited by high-risk groups, including ship crew members. This study aims to analyze the factors related to HIV/AIDS risk behaviors in ship crew members. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Tenau Port, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia from November to December 2024. The study population consists of all crew members (ABK) on domestic cargo ships arriving and docking at Tenau Kupang Port in 2024, estimated to be 225 ABK. A simple random sampling technique was used, with 96 samples selected based on the Lemeshow formula. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: The chi-square test results revealed a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.029; OR = 2.734; 95% CI: 1.188–6.296), ship docking duration (p = 0.014; OR = 3.215; 95% CI: 1.342–7.702), and peer support (p = 0.000; OR = 27.586; 95% CI: 3.476–218.930) with HIV/AIDS risk behavior. Attitude (p = 0.272; OR = 0.455; 95% CI: 0.145–1.427), education (p = 1.000; OR = 1.136; 95% CI: 0.089–18.711), income (p = 0.587; OR = 0.587; 95% CI: 0.516–5.093), frequency of going home (p = 0.657; OR = 0.753; 95% CI: 0.324–1.752), and marital status (p = 1.000; OR = 0.948; 95% CI: 0.424–2.127) showed no significant relationship. It is necessary to increase socialization to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention among ABK members and foster positive social support within the crew. Conclusion: There is a need to increase knowledge about the risks of HIV/AIDS through outreach and counseling.
The Role of Vaccination in Prevention of Foodborne Disease in Children: A Systematic Review Manullang, Frenky Sorimuda; Anto, Endy Juli
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.834

Abstract

Background: Foodborne diseases pose a significant global health challenge, particularly for children in developing countries. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial strategy in controlling these diseases. This review examines the effectiveness and safety of foodborne disease vaccines in children based on recent literature. Subjects and Method: This systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO websites with the keywords "vaccine" and "foodborne disease". Peer-reviewed articles from the past 10 years were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: This review identified significant developments in vaccines for rotavirus, cholera, typhoid, and candidate vaccines for Shigella, ETEC, and norovirus. Rotavirus vaccines demonstrated positive impacts in reducing hospitalization rates and deaths due to diarrhea, although effectiveness varied across populations. Inactivated oral cholera vaccines showed protection rates of 52-62% over the first two years. Typhoid vaccines showed potential in reducing disease burden in endemic areas. Development of Shigella, ETEC, and norovirus vaccines is ongoing with promising initial results. Conclusion: Significant progress has been made in developing foodborne disease vaccines, but efforts are needed to improve global vaccination efficacy and coverage. Further research is required to optimize vaccine formulation, delivery strategies, and long-term evaluation across various target populations.
Assessment of Muscle Strength in Para Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review Qanitah, Talitha; Perdana, Suryo Saputra
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.835

Abstract

Background: Accurate and reliable muscle strength assessment is essential for monitoring injury risk, monitoring the effectiveness of rehabilitation or strength training programs, and for sport classification purposes. This study aims to look at measurement tools to assess muscle strength in para-athletes, look at the characteristics of muscle strength assessment methods, and determine the validity and reliability of several muscle strength measurement tools. Subjects and Method: This systematic review used methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data searches in several databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were conducted using the boolean search method. The keywords used in the literature search were “muscle strength” OR “muscle power” AND “assessment” OR “outcomes” AND “isometric contraction” OR “isotonic contraction” AND “para-sports” OR “para-athletics” AND “paralympic”. Results: Isometric strength testing was shown to be valid and reliable (ICC  0.85) but limited to static measurements; isokinetic testing was shown to be valid and reliable (ICC 0.81-0.95) but required expertise, specialized equipment, and was time-consuming. MMT, although frequently used, shows variable validity and reliability and is highly subjective.Conclusion: Muscle strength assessment with isometric and isokinetic tests is effective for para-athlete classification. However, more standardized muscle strength assessment methods are needed to ensure a more objective classification of para-athletes.

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