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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 549 Documents
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Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf and Arachis hypogaea Flour Biscuit Supplementation on Breast Milk Production in Breastfeeding Mothers Nurzam, Eka; Marsum; Irmawati
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.06

Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding mothers often experience problems in providing exclusive breastfeed­ing, one of which is complaints about insufficient milk production. One safe and easy-to-use non-pharmacological treatment is moringa leaves and peanuts, which contain flavonoids and essential minerals that stimulate the production of the hormones oxytocin and prolactin. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of supplementing Moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuits on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Subjects and Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The study location was in the community of Palu health office. Data collection was conducted from October to November 2025. The study consisted of two groups: an intervention group receiving 100 g of moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuits once daily for 14 days, and a control group receiving nutrition education for breastfeeding mothers. The dependent variables were infant weight, bowel movements, and urination. The independent variables were supplementation with moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuits and nutrition education for breastfeeding mothers. The analysis technique used was Friedman and Man Whitney. Results: The average weight of infants in the intervention group after being given moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuit supplementation was higher (Mean = 3775.1; SD = 455.5) than before the intervention (Mean = 3353.5; SD = 442.2) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average number of bowel movements in the intervention group after being given moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuit supplementation was higher (Mean = 3.6; SD = 0.50) than before the intervention (Mean = 2.95; SD = 0.51) and was statistically insignificant (p = 0.305). The average number of urinations in the intervention group after being given moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuit supplementation was higher (Mean = 6.75; SD = 0.91) than before the intervention (Mean = 5.50; SD = 0.607) and was statistically significant (p = 0.015). Conclusion: Supplementation with moringa leaf flour biscuits and peanuts has been proven effective in increasing breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers, making it a safe and practical non-pharmacological therapy alternative.
Determinants of Low Birth Weight at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Bachtiar, Erlangga Yusa; Novika, Revi Gama Hata; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.05

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of infant and neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Data from the 2022 Nutritional Status Survey and the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey reported an increase in the prevalence of LBW from 5.9% to 6.1%. Records from Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Indonesia, also show a rise in the number of LBW cases, from 392 cases in 2023 to 412 cases in 2024. This study examines the effects of maternal education, household income, antenatal care (ANC), anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and chronic energy deficiency (CED) on the incidence of LBW at Dr. Moewardi hospital. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a case–control design. The research was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital and included 100 infants with low birth weight and 100 infants with normal birth weight, selected using fixed-disease and random sampling methods. The dependent variable was LBW. The independent variables were maternal education, household income, ANC, anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and CED. Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed using simple logistic regression and path analysis.Results: LBW was directly associated with maternal CED (b= 0.79; 95% CI= 0.08 to 1.51; p= 0.028), maternal anemia (b= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.65; p= 0.015), and preeclampsia (b= 1.45; 95% CI= 0.77 to 2.13; p < 0.001). LBW was indirectly influenced by ANC visits, family income, and maternal education. The path model demonstrated good fit indices (AIC= 1221.24; BIC= 1283.91).Conclusion: LBW directly increases with maternal CED, maternal anemia, and preeclampsia. LBW indirectly affects by ANC visit, family income, and maternal education.
Determinants of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnancy at Lebak Wangi Community Health Center, Banten, Indonesia Rahmadhena, Melisa Putri; Astuti, Erlin Wibi
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.03

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of anemia, hypertension, miscarriage, fetal death, and causes low birthweight and fetal growth disorders that have a long-term impact on quality of life and health costs. Understanding and analyzing the problem of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women based on comprehensive determinants is indispensable in order to design appropriate policies and treatment actions. This study aims to analyze the influence of the determinants of the incidence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This is a case control study conducted at the "Lebak Wangi" Health Center in Serang-Banten, Indonesia, in November 2025. The sample in this study was 105 pregnant women divided into 2 groups of cases, namely 53 pregnant women who suffered from chronic energy deficiency and a control group of 52 pregnant women with normal nutritional conditions. The exposure variable in this study is chronic energy deficiency). Independent variables were maternal age, gestational age, parity, education, economic status, haemoglobin level, and body mass index. The instrument research was master table. The analysis was carried out by multiple logistic regression.Results: Mothers with a lean body mass index are more likely to experience chronic energy deficiency up to 4.7 times more than mothers with a normal and statistically significant body mass index (aOR= 4.70; 95%CI= 0.34 to 0.83; p <0.001). Older gestational age has a 3.5 times smaller chance of chronic energy deficiency than younger gestational age and is statistically significant (aOR= -3.55;  95%CI= -2.61 to -0.75; p<0.001).Conclusion: The factors that have a significant influence in the case of SEZs are body mass index and gestational age.  
Socio-cultural Factors Influencing the Incidence of Stunting among Children Under Five in the Tengger Tribe, East Java, Indonesia Putri, Annessa Marknalia Sasqia; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma; Novika, Revi Gama Hatta; Cahyanto, Erindra Budi
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.01

Abstract

Background: Indications of stunting incidence in toddlers of the Tengger Tribe in East Java, related to socio-cultural practices in daily life that have an impact on health conditions and nutritional fulfillment of toddlers. This study aims to analyze the socio-cultural factors that affect the incidence of stunting in Tengger Tribe toddlers in East Java.Subjects and Method: This study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted at the Lumajang Regency Health, Population Control, and Family Planning Office (P2KB), Senduro District Office, Senduro Health Center, and Ranupani Village. A total of 9 key informants, including the head of nutrition and public health, the head of population and family planning, the head of the Senduro Health Center, nutritionists, village midwives, family planning field officers of Senduro District, the head of the Ranupani Village government, the traditional shaman of the Tengger Tribe, and the baby shaman. A total of 9 mothers of toddlers as the main informants and 9 supporting informants were purposively sampling, including family members, cadres, health care officers, and sanitarians. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model.Results: The study showed limited maternal knowledge about the health conditions and growth of toddlers. Traditional shamans play an important role in social decision-making, while gender equality affects the workload of mothers in economic activities. The parenting and care of toddlers is influenced by the cultural practices of the Tengger Tribe which are still strongly attached to daily life, as well as the environmental conditions of mountain communities who mostly depend on the agricultural sector for their livelihoods. Belief in ancestral spirits influences health decisions, through restrictions on maternal activity and mobility during pregnancy and after childbirth, as well as dietary restrictions that are believed to have adverse effects on pregnancy and toddlers.Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in toddlers of the Tengger Tribe is related to socio-cultural factors which include maternal knowledge, social interaction patterns, toddler parenting patterns, and belief in ancestral spirits in health decision-making.
Stunting Effect of Stimulation with Animation Video on the Development of Stunted Children Agustina Sulistyani, Ika; Kusmiyati, Yuni; Sunartono; Sari, Fatimah
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.02.02

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five as a result of chronic malnutrition so the child is too short for his age which has an impact on child development disorders. The right stimulation will stimulate the toddler's brain. Learning/stimulation media that combines text learning instructions with model illustrations or visualizations in the form of figures will be better than just containing words. This study aimed to determine the effect of animated video stimulation applications on the development of stunted toddlers Subjects and Method:  This type of research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The sample size in this study was 30 people, 15 people in the animation video intervention group and 15 people in the standard method intervention group. The dependent variable was the development of stunted toddlers. The independent variable was animation video application. The data were collected by Functionality and Usability Questionnaire. Data analysis carried out in this research was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the paired t-test. Results: The video group showed an increase in the mean developmental score from 6.80 to 9.20 (Mean difference = 2.40), and this result was statistically significant (p= 0.007). The standard group also demonstrated an increase in the mean score from 7.80 to 8.47 (Mean difference = 0.60), and this result was statistically significant (p<0.001). However, the increase in the mean score was greater in the video group compared to the standard group, suggesting that animated video stimulation had a greater effect on the development of stunted children than the standard method. Conclusion: The application of animated video stimulation has an effect on the development of toddlers who experience stunting.
Effectiveness of Young Papaya Fruit Extract (Carica Papaya L) on Prolactin Hormone and Infant Body Weight Eko Puji Kaptiyanti, Edining; Sumarni, Sri; Susanto, Edy
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.06

Abstract

Background: Breast milk is the best nutrition for infants. Successful exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life optimizes growth, cognitive development, and strengthens the infant's immune system. Prolactin, which affects breast milk production, remains a barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. One approach is to utilize natural lactagogic ingredients such as unripe papaya (Carica papaya L.). The purpose of this study was to analyze and demonstrate the effectiveness of unripe papaya extract on increasing prolactin levels and infant weight in breastfeeding mothers. Subjects and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The study location was the Danasari Community Health Center, Bojong District, Tegal Regency. Data collection was conducted from July to August 2025. The intervention group consisted of 1000 mg/day of unripe papaya extract, UHT milk, and boiled eggs for 7 days, and the control group received nursing care, UHT milk, and boiled eggs for 7 days. The dependent variables studied were prolactin hormone and infant weight, and the independent variables were unripe papaya extract, milk, and boiled eggs. Analysis techniques used were the Wilcoxon test and the Paired Sample T-Test. Results: The average prolactin hormone level in the intervention group after administration of unripe papaya extract was higher (Mean = 199.70; SD = 72.57) than before the intervention (Mean = 174.50; SD = 64.08) and was statistically significant (p = 0.002). The average infant weight in the intervention group after administration of unripe papaya extract was higher (Mean = 5631.50; SD = 987.73) than before the intervention (Mean = 5313.75; SD = 1025.04) and was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Administration of unripe papaya extract has been shown to be effective in increasing prolactin hormone levels in breastfeeding mothers and infant weight.
Effect of Pregnancy Classes Plus Early Warning System on Postpartum Hemorrhage Prevention and Self-Efficacy Sulistiawati, Sulistiawati; Runjati, Runjati; Nugraheni, Hermien
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.02.01

Abstract

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage, defined as blood loss exceeding 500 ml after delivery, is a leading cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia. This condition can lead to serious consequences, including anemia, shock, and even death if not treated promptly and appropriately. Prevention efforts include educating pregnant women about early detection and preventive measures. One intervention is the implementation of pregnancy classes plus an Early Warning System (EWS) as a learning tool to improve mothers' self-efficacy and actions in preventing postpartum hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pregnancy classes plus an early warning system on actions and self-efficacy in preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Subjects and Methods: This study used a True Experiment with a Pretest-Posttest with Control Group Design. The study location was the Gayamsari Community Health Center in Semarang City. Data collection was conducted from June to July 2025. The intervention group consisted of two groups: the intervention group, which received the pregnancy class with an Early Warning System (EWS), and the control group, which received a standard pregnancy class. The dependent variables studied were women's postpartum hemorrhage prevention practices and self-efficacy, while the independent variable was the early warning system (EWS) class. The analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon test. Results: Women in the intervention group reported higher postpartum hemorrhage prevention practices after the EWS class (median = 20; min-max = 13-20) compared to before the intervention (median = 10; min-max = 3-14) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). Women in the intervention group reported higher postpartum hemorrhage prevention practices after the EWS class (median = 52; min-max = 40-60) compared to before the intervention (median = 25; min-max = 20-35) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The EWS class and early warning system have been shown to be effective in increasing postpartum hemorrhage prevention practices and efficacy, making them a safe and practical alternative for promotive and preventive interventions.
Effectiveness of Cau Raja (Green Grass Jelly with Red Ginger Flavor) on Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Hypertension Susanti; Mardiyono; Sulistyowati, Dina Indrati Dyah
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.02.03

Abstract

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is a global health problem that can increase the risk of complications for the mother and fetus. Cau Raja is a combination of 100 grams of Green Grass Jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers) and 25 mg of dried Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum), containing 24 mg of flavonoids and 107 mg of potassium. These compounds can lower blood pressure in pregnant women with mild hypertension. The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of Cau Raja in reducing blood pressure in pregnant women with mild hypertension. Subjects and Methods: This study used a True Experimental and Pretest-Posttest with Control Group Design. The study location was Purwokerto Timur I Community Health Center. Data collection was conducted in November 2025. The intervention group consisted of 250 ml of Cau Raja (green grass jelly with red ginger flavor) for 14 days and a control group given therapy according to SOP. The dependent variable studied was blood pressure, and the independent variables were Cau Raja (green grass jelly with red ginger flavor) and therapy according to SOP. The analysis technique used a Paired Sample T-Test. Results: The average systolic blood pressure in the intervention group after being given Cau Raja (green grass jelly with red ginger flavor) was lower (Mean = 118.88; SD = 7.16) compared to before the intervention (Mean = 129.81; SD = 4.96) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group after being given Cau Raja (green grass jelly with red ginger flavor) was lower (Mean = 76.50; SD = 5.36) compared to before the intervention (Mean = 83.94; SD = 4.37) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Giving Cau Raja (green grass jelly with red ginger flavor) has been proven to be effective in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women with mild hypertension, so it can be used as a safe and practical non-pharmacological therapy alternative. Keywords: Cau Raja, Green Cincau, Red Ginger, Pregnancy Hypertension, Blood Pressure.  
Effect of Acupressure with Cardamom Massage Oil on the Severity of Common Cold in Children Aged 3-5 Years Lusi Ayuandita, Hera; Arwani, Arwani; Wahyuni, Sri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.02.04

Abstract

Background: The common cold is one of the most common infectious diseases in toddlers and can reduce their comfort and activity. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as acupressure, are becoming increasingly popular because they are considered safe and can enhance the immune response. Cardamom massage oil contains bioactive compounds thought to help relieve symptoms and improve immune function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acupressure with cardamom oil on the severity of the common cold in toddlers aged 3-5 years, based on temperature and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. Subjects and Methods: This study used a true experimental design and a pretest-posttest with a control group. The study was conducted at the Purwokerto Timur I Community Health Center in November 2025. A total of 32 subjects were divided into two groups: (1) The intervention group was given acupressure intervention group with cardamom oil for 30 minutes/day for 5 days (n = 16), and (2) The control group was given control group given Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine, CTM, Paracetamol, and Vitamin C (n = 16). The dependent variables were body temperature and IgA levels. The independent variables were acupressure with cardamom oil and Dextromethorphan, Pseudo­ephedrine, CTM, Paracetamol, and Vitamin C. Body temperature is measured using a thermometer. IgA levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Data were analyzed by Paired t-tests. Results: The average body temperature in the intervention group after acupressure with cardamom oil was lower (Mean = 36.7; SD = 0.23) compared to before the intervention (Mean = 38.1; SD = 0.29) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average IgA levels in the intervention group after acupressure with cardamom oil were higher (Mean = 52.91; SD = 19.94) than before the intervention (Mean = 31.64; SD = 16.49) and were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Acupressure with cardamom oil has been shown to be effective for the common cold by lowering body temperature and increasing IgA levels in toddlers aged 3-5 years.

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