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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006" : 5 Documents clear
Pengaruh elisitasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi alkaloida kinolin dari akar rambut tanaman kina (Cinchona succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch) Effect of elicitation on growth and alkaloid quinoline production in hairy root of cinchona plant (Cinchona succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch) Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . NURHAIMI-HARIS; Joko SANTOSO; . ADE-HERI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (443.755 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i1.117

Abstract

Summary Manipulation to increase alkaloid producti-vity in hairy root  can be done by elicitation with the addition of certain  enzymes. The objective of  this research is to find out the effect of elicitation by cellulase and pectyoliase enzymes on the productivity of Cinchona succirubra  hairy root culture. Hairy root was  cultured on ½ MS macro nutrient with the addition of 40 g/L sucrose and  7 g/L agar. Elicitation was done by the addition of cellulase and pectiolyase at the concentrations of 0; 0.05; 0.10; 0.50; 1.00; 3.00; 5.00; 10.00; 15.00; 20.00 and 25.00 mg/L, respectively.The effect of elicitation was  analyzed by fresh weight of hairy root, and alkaloid content in four-month-old culture.The result showed that the best growth was obtained by the addition of 15 mg/L cellulase, with fresh weight as much as  920 mg. The addition of 10 mg/L pectyoliase increased  hairy root fresh weight as much as  880 mg. The highest quinoline alkaloid production was obtained by the addition of 25 mg/L celluase (Quinine 580, quinidine 492, cinchonine 234, dihydroxyn-chonine 195 and cinchonidine 165 µg/g fresh weight) and 1 mg/L pectyoliase (Quinine 2363, quinidine 238, cinchonine 104, dihydroxyn-chonidine 138 and cinchonidine 1558 µg/g fresh weight).Ringkasan Manipulasi untuk meningkatkan produk-tivitas  akar rambut  dapat dilakukan di antaranya dengan elisitasi melalui penambahan enzim tertentu ke dalam medium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan pengaruh elisitasi dengan penambahan selulase dan pektioliase terhadap produktivitas akar rambut tanaman Cinchona succirubra. Akar rambut tanaman Cinchona succirubradikulturkan dalam medium MS ½ hara makro dengan penambahan sukrose 40 g/L dan agar 7 g/L. Elisitasi dilakukan dengan penambahan selulase dan pektioliase  masing-masing pada konsentrasi 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,50; 1,00; 3,00; 5,00; 10,00; 15,00; 20,00 dan 25,00 mg/L. Peubah yang diukur adalah bobot basah akar rambut dan kandungan alkaloida kinolin pada kultur berumur empat bulan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuh-an terbaik terjadi pada  penambahan konsentrasi selulase 15 mg/L  dengan bobot basah 920 mg dan pektioliase  10 mg/L dengan bobot basah   880 mg. Produksi alkaloida kinolin tertinggi  diperoleh   pada   konsentrasi   selulase  25 mg/L (kinin 580, kinidin 492, sinkonin 234, dihidrok-sinkonin 195 dan sinkonidin 165 µg/g bobot basah) dan pektioliase 1 mg/L (kinin 2363, kinidin 238, sinkonin 104, dihidroksinkonin 138 dan sinkonidin 1558 µg/g bobot basah).   
Karakterisasi gen penyandi lipase dari kapang Rhizopus oryzae dan Absidia corymbifera Characterization of gene encoding lipase from fungus Rhizopus oryzae and Absidia corymbifera Riza A PUTRANTO; Djoko SANTOSO; . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Asmini BUDIANI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (471.091 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i1.118

Abstract

SummaryLipase is a group of enzymes which catalyze fat hydrolysis. Lipase is recently used to produce diacylglycerol (DAG) from triacylglycerol (TAG). Lipase  can be used to produce healthy oil. Having a rich biodiversity, Indonesia has the opportunity to produce lipase using indigenous microbes, such as molds. This research aimed to detect  LIPASE  gene on several strains of molds employing PCR technique. Genomic DNAs were isolated from four strains of molds (M. sitophila, R. oryzae, R. microsporus, and A. corymbifera). Heterologous primers for LIPASE  were designed based on the conserved region of 12 LIPASE  sequences accessed from GenBank and used to amplify the genomic DNA resulted in a 466 bp fragmen. BLAST analysis showed that the bands of DNAs have high homology with common lipase protein in several strains of  Rhizopus.Ringkasan Lipase merupakan kelompok enzim yang berfungsi sebagai biokatalis hidrolisis lemak. Lipase banyak digunakan untuk konversi triasilgliserol (TAG) menjadi diasilgliserol (DAG). Penggunaan lipase penting untuk produksi minyak sehat (healthy oil). Indonesia dengan keanekaragaman hayati tinggi berpeluang besar   mengembangkan   produksi   lipase   dari mikroba lokal, salah satunya adalah kapang. Deteksi gen merupakan langkah awal dalam upaya peningkatan produksi lipase melalui rekayasa genetika. DNA genomik empat galur kapang (M. sitophila, R. oryzae, R. microsporus, dan A. corymbifera) telah berhasil diisolasi. Sepasang primer heterologous telah berhasil dirancang berdasarkan daerah terkonservasi 12 sekuen gen LIPASE dari GenBank. Amplikon DNA yang diperoleh pada PCR menggunakan pasangan primer RLP memiliki panjang 466 bp. Analisis BLAST memperlihatkan bahwa amplikon PCR memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan protein LIPASE  beberapa galur Rhizopus. 
Aktivitas ACCase mesokarp kelapa sawit dan kloning fragmen gen penyandi ACCase subunit biotin karboksilase ACCase activity of oil palm mesocarp and cloning of gene fragment encoding biotin carboxylase subunit of ACCase Asmini BUDIANI; Djoko SANTOSO; Hajrial ASWIDINNOOR; Antonius SUWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (217.725 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i1.119

Abstract

Summary Genetic engineering to produce high yielding oil palm might be done by over expressing gene encoding key enzyme for oil biosynthesis in the oil palm mesocarp, one of which is ACCase. The objective of this research was to analyze ACCase activity of mesocarp from several developmental stages of fruit and to clone conserved region cDNA of gene encoding biotin carboxylase subunit of ACCase (BC-htACCase) from oil palm mesocarp. Activity of ACCase was analyzed by HPLC. Amplification of cDNA was done by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerate heterologous primer on several annealing temperature and MgCl2 concentration. The cDNA fragment of RT-PCR product was cloned, sequenced and analyzed to confirm that the cloned cDNA was conserved region of BC-htACCase. The result showed that ACCase activity increased from the 14 week to the 20 week-old fruit, and then decreased. Using heterologous degenerate primers, cDNA fragments of BC-htACCase conserved region (469 bp) can be specifically amplified at 60 oC annealing temperature with 2 mM MgCl2 concentration.The result of BlastX analysis showed that the sequence of cloned cDNA fragment was highly homologous with the conserved region of BC-htACCase from Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum,  and Brassica napus with 243, 237, 236, 231 bit score, and E. value 2e-63, 1e-61, 2e-61 and 5e-60, respectively. Ringkasan Rekayasa genetika untuk menghasilkan bibit kelapa sawit berdaya hasil tinggi dapat ditempuh dengan meningkatkan ekspresi gen penyandi enzim kunci biosintesis minyak pada kelapa sawit, salah satunya adalah ACCase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji aktivitas ACCase mesokarp beberapa tahap perkem-bangan buah sawit dan mengklon fragmen cDNA daerah konservatif gen penyandi ACCase heteromerik subunit biotin karbok-silase (BC-htACCase) dari mesokarp buah sawit. Aktivitas ACCase dianalisis dengan HPLC. Amplifikasi cDNA dilakukan dengan teknik RT-PCR menggunakan primer degene-rate heterologus pada berbagai suhu penempelan dan konsentrasi MgCl2. Fragmen cDNA hasil RT-PCR diklon, disekuen dan dianalisis untuk mengkonfirmasi bahwa cDNA terklon adalah daerah konservatif BC-htACCase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ACCase meningkat dari buah berumur 14 minggu hingga buah berumur  20 minggu, kemudian menurun kembali Dengan primer degenerate heterologus, fragmen cDNA daerah konservatif BC-htACCase  (469 pb) dapat diamplifikasi secara spesifik pada suhu penempelan 60 oC dan konsentrasi MgCl2 2 mM. Hasil analisis BlastX dari sekuen DNA fragmen terklon menunjuk-kan bahwa sekuen tersebut mempunyai homologi tinggi antara lain dengan gen penyandi BC-htACCase dari Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum dan Brassica napus, masing-masing dengan skor 243, 237, 236, 231 bit, dan E. value 2e-63, 1e-61, 2e-61 dan 5e-60.
Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Pauline Destinugrainy KASI; . SUMARYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (341.434 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i1.120

Abstract

Summary In vitro culture of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on an agar-solidified medium consists of somatic embryos of different sizes, colors, and developmental stages.  One gram of mostly globular somatic embryos were cultured on a solid medium to observe their morphological variations with respect to embryo size, color, and developmental stage over one passage of six weeks culture.  The medium was a modified-MS medium with half-strength of macronutrients containing   0.01 mg/L ABA and 2 mg/L kinetin.  At the end of culture passage, fresh weight of embryo increased by 2.3 folds.  The embryo numbers increased by more than two times indicating the formation of secondary embryos.  The average size of sago somatic embryos did not change significantly over the culture period; however, the embryo size was already highly varied at the start and increased gradually as the embryo developed.  At the initial of culture,   33.7 % of the embryos were yellowish, 64.1 % were greenish, and 2.2% were reddish.  By the end of the culture the composition of yellowish embryos increased to 51.2 %, greenish embryo decreased to 42.5 % and red embryos increased to 6.3 %.  At the initial culture, 61 % of the embryos were at the globular, 9 % at heart-shape and 30 % at torpedo stage.  Generally globular embryos developed into later-stage embryos as the culture progressed, although almost 56% of the embryos remained at the globular stage after the sixth week.Ringkasan Kultur in vitro sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada medium padat terdiri dari embrio somatik dalam berbagai ukuran, warna, dan fase perkembangan.  Satu gram embrio somatik yang sebagian besar dalam fase globuler dikulturkan pada medium padat untuk mengamati keragaman morfologi embrio dalam hal ukuran, warna dan fase perkembangan dalam satu periode kultur enam minggu.  Medium kultur adalah MS modifikasi dengan setengah hara makro serta penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh ABA 0,01 mg/L dan kinetin 2 mg/L.  Pada akhir masa kultur bobot embrio segar meningkat 2,3 kali dibandingkan awal masa kultur.  Jumlah embrio juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar lebih dari dua kali yang menunjukkan adanya pembentukan embrio somatik sekunder. Ukuran rata-rata embrio tidak berubah secara signifikan selama masa kultur akan tetapi ukuran embrio telah sangat beragam pada awal kultur dan terus meningkat hingga akhir kultur. Warna embrio mengalami perubahan selama periode kultur.  Pada awal kultur dijumpai 33,7 % embrio berwarna kuning, 64,1 % embrio hijau, dan 2,2 % embrio merah.  Pada akhir kultur presentase embrio kuning meningkat menjadi 51,2 %, embrio hijau menjadi 42,5 %, dan embrio merah 6,3 %.  Pada awal kultur, dijumpai 61 % embrio pada fase globuler, 9 % fase bentuk-hati dan 30 % fase torpedo.  Umumnya embrio globuler berkembang menjadi embrio fase lanjut selama kultur berlangsung, namun 56 % embrio masih tetap dalam fase globuler pada minggu keenam.
Ekspresi fenotipe gen APETALA1 kakao (TcAP1) pada eksplan tembakau Phenotypic expression of cacao APETALA1 (TcAP1) in tobacco explant Tetty CHAIDAMSARI; . SAMANHUDI; Asmini BUDIANI; Roedhy POERWANTO; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 74, No 1: Juni 2006
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1665.837 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v74i1.116

Abstract

Summary APETALA1 (AP1) is one of flowering identity genes that determines the formation of sepal and petal tissues. An AP1 homologue was cloned from cacao flowers by bio-techniques coupled with bio-informatics. Examination of phenotypic expression was conducted with transgenesis of the 35S-TcAP1 construct using leaf disk technique of tobacco leaf explants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PCR specific to TcAP1 demonstrated that the technique is effective in introducing the 35S-TcAP1 construct into tobacco plant cells. RT-PCR with total RNA from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plantlets showed that expression levels of the TcAP1 events varied. The variation of the transcript levels was comparable to the morphological phenotype of the tobacco plantlets grown in vitro. The cultures expressing TcAP1 at moderate levels, have developed into intact plantlets and set up flowers in vitro.Ringkasan APETALA1 (AP1) diketahui merupakan salah satu gen identitas pembungaan yang mengendalikan terbentuknya jaringan sepal dan petal. Homolog AP1 telah diklon dari organ bunga kakao (TcAP1) dengan kombinasi bio-techniques dan bio-informatics. Pengujian ekspresi fenotipe TcAP1 dilakukan dengan transgenesis konstruk konstitutif 35S-TcAP1 menggunakan teknik leaf disk eksplan daun tembakau dan mediasi Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Pengujian PCR spesifik TcAP1 menunjukkan bahwa teknik tersebut cukup efektif dalam mengintroduksikan konstruk 35S-TcAP1 ke dalam sel tanaman tembakau. RT-PCR dari daun planlet tembakau trangenik membuktikan bahwa tingkat ekspresi TcAP1 tersebut bervariasi. Perbedaan level ekspresi TcAP1 ini memberikan pengaruh yang nampak sebanding terhadap perkembangan morfologis planlet tembakau in vitro.  Kultur yang mengekspresikan TcAP1 pada level sedang mampu beregenerasi menjadi planlet sempurna dan membentuk bunga in vitro.

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