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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008" : 5 Documents clear
Optimisasi produksi biogas dari limbah lateks cair pekat dengan penambahan logam Optimization of biogas production from concentrated-latex effluent with addition of metals Irma KRESNAWATY; I SUSANTI; . SISWANTO; . TRI-PANJI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (214.177 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i1.92

Abstract

Summary The treatment of concentrated-latex effluent process applied in the field presently, has not obtain optimum additional benefits. Besides that, the technology using ponding system  needs  wide area and causes air pollution that  such a way caused conflicts with society. The application  concept of clean industry: reuse, reduction, recovery and recycling, makes the possibilities to convert the effluent to be usefull products. One of the alternative effluent process is by utilizing it as the source of renewable energy, that is in the form of biogas as an  alternative energy. The preliminary research showed that the use of spontaneous latex skim coagulation, the  addition of 1% manure as source of seed, and leaf biomass as the source of carbon could increase the biogas production. This research was carried out to optimize biogas production by adding metal ion and to observe the parameters which influenced every stage of biogas production. At the beginning of the process, pH showed increasing due to the hydrolysis process that generally occured in acid condition, but it remained stable (6.6-7.7) in the next steps, whereas, the VFA value as well as BOD value tended to increase. COD value had fluctuative inclination caused by the conversion of organic compounds to produce biogas and the hydrolysis process of leaf biomass to organic compounds that decom-posed to further biogas. The best result of biogas production was showed by addition of Fe3+ with optimum concentration 0.50 mg/L effluent.
Pupuk organo-kimia untuk pemupukan bibit kelapa sawit Organo-chemical fertilizer for oil palm seedling fertilization Laksmita Prima SANTI; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (181.053 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i1.94

Abstract

SummaryThe availability of high quality and quantity of oil palm seedling needs consistent support of fertilization programs for economic production.  Organo-chemical fertilizer with rock phosphate and urea added was initiated to increased economic value of agriculture and estate crops residues. The prototype of organo-chemical fertilizer has 10% organic C, 11% N, 8% P, 1% K and 4% humic acid respectively. Based on greenhouse experiments, organo-chemical fertilizer treated to oil palm seedlings tends to provide a better vegetative growth of the seedlings.  Dry weights of leave, stem, and root of the seedlings applied with 100 g organo-chemical  fertilizer plus 10 g KCl to each seedling were significantly different compared to the standard dosage conventional fertilizer. This organo-chemical fertilizer could be applied as conventional fertilizer substitute.Ringkasan        Ketersediaan bibit kelapa sawit ber-kualitas dengan kuantitas yang terus meningkat memerlukan dukungan program pemupukan yang konsisten untuk mencapai tingkat produksi yang ekonomis.  Pembuatan pupuk organo-kimia dengan penambahan  batuan fosfat dan N ditujukan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah pertanian dan perkebunan.  Prototipe pupuk organo-kimia ini mengandung 10% C-organik, 11% N, 8% P, 1% K dan 4% asam humik.  Pemberian 100 g pupuk organo-kimia yang ditambah 10 g KCl per bibit menghasilkan berat kering daun, batang, dan akar yang lebih baik dan berbeda nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan peng-gunaan pupuk konvensional dosis standar.  Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, prototipe pupuk organo-kimia ini dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi pupuk konvensional untuk pemupuk-an bibit kelapa sawit.    
Pola aktivitas enzim ligninolitik Pleurotus ostreatus pada limbah sludge pabrik kertas Activity pattern of ligninolytic enzyme of Pleurotus ostreatus in sludge waste of paper factory Happy WIDIASTUTI; . TRI-PANJI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (202.108 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i1.95

Abstract

Summary Sludge is a solid waste abundantly available on paper factory that is economically unutilized and tends to pollute environment. This waste can be used as growth media for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) as edible mushroom and ligninolytic enzymes production as well. A research has been conducted to study the activity pattern of ligninolytic enzymes of oyster mushroom grown on the sludge waste of recycle paper factory. Six treatments were examinated consisted of three media combinations (sawdust, sludge, sludge mixed with sawdust), with and without supplementing with rice bran, lime, and gypsum, and two mushroom strains Bogor oyster mushroom (JTB) and China Taipei oyster mushroom (JTT). Monitoring of ligninolytic enzyme activity consisting of laccase, mangan peroxidase (Mn-P) and lignin peroxidase (Li-P),  was subsequently regularly started since inoculation, at vegetative phase (four and six weeks), primordial formation, phase of fruiting body formation, and two weeks after formation of fruiting body. Each treatment was repeated three times, so that 216 bag logs of oyster mushroom cultures were performed. The results showed that laccase, Mn-P, and Li-P activities could be observed on sludge or mixture of sludge+sawdust media inoculated with P. ostreatus. Generally, the highest activity of ligninolytic enzymes especially for laccase and MnP were observed at the first vegetative growth phase i.e. before emerging primordial of fruiting body (1.697 & 2.113 U/mL, 4.394 & 2.314 U/mL  respectively for JTB and JTT laccase and JTB & JTT Mn-P). The highest Li-P activity was affected by the kind of media and strain of inoculum. In sludge medium, the highest Li-P activity was observed in  vegetative growth phase (2.706 & 4.014 U/mL respectively for JTB and JTT) while in a mixture of sludge + sawdust the highest activity of that enzyme was observed in primordial phase of growth (2.509 & 1.9 U/mL respectively for JTB and JTT). Addition of supplement to the sludge increased ligninolytic activity, while laccase activity of sludge was suggested could be more enhanced by mixing the sludge with sawdust and enrich with rice bran, gypsum and lime. Ringkasan                                                Sludge merupakan limbah padat yang tersedia melimpah di pabrik kertas dan belum dimanfaatkan secara ekonomis sehingga berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Limbah ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai medium tumbuh jamur konsumsi seperti jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dan penghasil enzim ligninolitik. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mempelajari pola aktivitas enzim ligninolitik jamur tiram pada limbah sludge pabrik kertas selama fase vegetatif sampai setelah fase generatif. Enam perlakuan yang diuji berupa tiga kombinasi komposisi medium (serbuk gergaji, sludge, campuran sludge dan serbuk gergaji), dengan dan tanpa pengayaan, yaitu penambahan dedak, kapur, dan gipsum,  serta dua strain jamur tiram Bogor (JTB) dan jamur tiram China Taipei (JTT). Pengamatan aktivitas enzim ligninolitik meliputi lakase, mangan peroksidase (Mn-P) dan lignin peroksidase  (Li-P) dilakukan sejak saat inokulasi, pada fase vegetatif (empat dan enam minggu), pada saat pembentukan primordia, fase tubuh buah, dan dua minggu setelah pembentukan tubuh buah. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali sehingga terdapat 216 bag log jamur tiram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ligninolitik dijumpai pada medium sludge dan campuran sludge+serbuk gergaji yang diino-kulasi P. ostreatus. Aktivitas enzim ligninolitik tertinggi khususnya lakase dan MnP teramati pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif pertama yaitu sebelum terbentuknya primordia (1,697 & 2,113 U/mL, 4,394 & 2,314 U/mL  masing-masing untuk lakase JTB dan JTT dan MnP  JTB & JTT). Aktivitas LiP tertinggi dipengaruhi oleh jenis medium dan strain inokulum. Pada medium sludge, aktivitas LiP tertinggi dijumpai pada fase vegetatif (2,706 & 4,014 U/ml masing-masing untuk JTB dan JTT) sedangkan pada medium campuran sludge+serbuk gergaji, aktivitas enzim  ter-tinggi dijumpai  pada fase primordia (2,509 & 1,9 U/ml berturut-turut untuk JTB dan JTT). Pengayaan sludge meningkatkan aktivitas ligninolitik, sedangkan aktivitas lakase pada sludge diduga dapat lebih ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan serbuk gergaji disertai pengayaan berupa gipsum, dedak, dan kapur.
Perkembangan kalus embriogenik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada tiga sistem kultur in vitro Development of embryogenic callus of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on three systems of in vitro culture Pauline D KASI; . SUMARYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (290.077 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i1.88

Abstract

Summary Embryogenic callus of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) has been grown on three systems of in vitro culture i.e. agar-solidified medium, liquid medium, and temporary immersion system (TIS) medium to observe and compare the development of embryogenic callus over one passage of six weeks.  A-half gram of embryogenic callus was cultured on a modified MS medium containing 10 mg/L   2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin. For histological studies, embryogenic callus was fixed in FAA and embedded in paraplast wax. Serial sections were stained with safranin 1% and observed microscopically. By the end of culture period, the development of embryogenic callus in TIS medium was relatively better than those of the other two media.  Fresh weight of callus in liquid medium and TIS increased by 6.5-fold, while on agar-solidified medium increased by 5.4-fold in six weeks.  About 40% of callus in liquid medium and TIS and 20% of callus on agar solidified medium have changed into somatic embryos at globular stage. Histology structure of embryogenic callus of the three systems of in vitro culture shows different pattern. On agar-solidified medium, secondary callus and friable embryogenic callus that consist of meristematic cells were formed. In contrast, more embryogenic cells were formed in liquid medium and TIS to support maturation process to somatic embryos. Therefore, temporary immersion system and liquid medium are recommended for maturation of embryogenic callus, whereas agar-solidified medium is for proliferation of embryogenic callus of sago.  Ringkasan Kalus embriogenik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) telah ditumbuhkan pada tiga sistem kultur in vitro yaitu medium padat, medium cair, dan medium dengan sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) untuk mempelajari dan mem-bandingkan perkembangan dari kalus embrio-genik selama periode enam minggu. Setengah gram kalus embriogenik dikulturkan pada medium MS modifikasi yang mengandung  2,4-D 10 mg/L dan kinetin 0,1 mg/L.  Untuk studi histologi, kalus embriogenik difiksasi dengan FAA dan embedding menggunakan lilin paraplast. Irisan diwarnai dengan safranin 1% dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop. Pada akhir periode kultur, pertumbuhan kalus pada medium dengan SPS lebih baik dibandingkan dengan medium cair dan padat. Bobot basah kalus pada  medium cair dan SPS meningkat 6,5 kali sedangkan pada medium padat meningkat 5,4 kali dalam waktu enam minggu. Sebanyak 40% kalus pada medium cair dan SPS serta 20% kalus pada medium padat berubah menjadi embrio somatik fase globuler. Struktur histologi kalus embriogenik pada ketiga jenis sistem kultur in vitro menunjukkan pola yang berbeda. Pada medium padat terjadi pembentukan kalus sekunder dan kalus embriogenik remah yang terdiri atas sel-sel meristematik. Sebaliknya pada medium cair dan SPS pembentukan sel embriogenik lebih banyak yang menunjang proses pendewasaan menjadi embrio somatik. Oleh karena itu, medium cair dan SPS direkomendasikan untuk pendewasaan kalus embriogenik, sedangkan medium padat untuk proliferasi kalus embriogenik sagu. 
Lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari fungi lokal untuk biokonversi CPO menjadi diasilgliserol Specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from indigenous fungi for bioconversion of CPO to produce diacylglycerol . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Nining ARINI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 1: Juni 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (180.243 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v76i1.90

Abstract

SummaryDownstream industry of palm oil producing specialty oil with higher economic value compared to that of CPO in Indonesia is less developed due to technical obstacle and the availability of supporting materials. Specific lipase 1,3-glyceride for example which is used for oleochemical processing of healthy oil production is still imported with relatively high price.  Healthy oil can be made from CPO bioconversion using the enzyme that produces oil rich in diacylglycerol (DAG). Although research on the production and the use of lipase has been well studied, production of specific lipase from microbes of local source is still very limited.  This article reports one part of the series of the research activities on bioprocess and genetic engineering approaches to produce specific lipase for bioconversion of CPO i.e optimization of 1,3-glyceride-spesific lipase production from fungi selected from local sources. Based on the fluorescence zone on the screening media, of the twenty isolates collection, it was found that P6 isolate, thereafter indentified as Neurospora sitophila, has the highest activity of 1,3-glyceride-specific lipase. The lipase of N.  sitophila was able to catalyze glycerolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in CPO to produce DAG. The bioconversion products of lipase yielding ratio of DAG/TAG was higher than ratio of free fatty acids (FFA)/TAG (0.12 > 0.08). The optimum condition of the enzymatic bioconversion was at 40 oC, pH 6, and 10-day incubation. The primary fatty acids on the DAG were oleic (56.2%), palmitic (40.0%), and myristic (2.7%) acids. The decrease of palmitic acid on DAG compared to on TAG, indicated that the lipase of N. sitophila worked relatively specific at C1 or C3 of the TAG.Kurang berkembangnya industri hilir yang menghasilkan minyak khusus yang nilainya berlipat dibandingkan CPO antara lain karena hambatan teknis dan ketersediaan bahan pendukungnya. Lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida misalnya, yang digunakan untuk produksi minyak kesehatan, masih diimpor dengan harga relatif tinggi. Minyak kesehatan dapat diproduksi dari biokonversi CPO dengan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida hingga diperoleh minyak yang kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG). Tulisan ini melaporkan optimasi aktivitas lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari fungi isolat lokal terpilih. Berdasarkan zona fluoresens pada medium penapis lipase, dari 20 isolat fungi yang diuji isolat P6 yang kemudian diidentifikasi sebagai Neurospora sitophila memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dan bersifat spesifik 1,3-gliserida. Lipase N. sitophilamampu mengkatalisis gliserolisis triasilgliserol (TAG) dalam CPO untuk menghasilkan DAG. Lipase tersebut menghasilkan nilai perban-dingan DAG/TAG  lebih  besar  dari nilai perbandingan asam lemak bebas (ALB)/TAG (0,12 > 0,08). Kondisi optimum biokonversi enzimatis ini terjadi pada suhu 40 oC, pH 6, dan waktu inkubasi selama 10 hari. Asam lemak utama penyusun DAG adalah asam oleat (56,2%), palmitat (40,0%), dan miristat (2,7%). Berkurangnya asam palmitat pada DAG dibanding pada TAG menunjukkan bahwa lipase N. sitophila bekerja secara relatif spesifik pada C1 atau C3 dari gliserida.

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