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INDONESIA
Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011" : 5 Documents clear
Pemurnian diasilgliserol dari produk gliserolisis minyak sawit mentah dengan kromatografi kolom Purification of diacylglycerol from glycerolysis products of crude palm oil using column chromatography . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Urip PERWITASAR
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (333.272 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.71

Abstract

AbstractVegetable oil enriched with diacylglycerol (DAG) isknown as healthy oil. This oil is much more expensive thancooking oil. Production of DAG could be performed byglycerolysis process of CPO using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae mold. Product derived fromglycerolysis process of CPO is a mixture of DAG, mono-acylglycerol (MAG), free fatty acid (FFA) and residual ofunglycerolysed triacylglyserol (TAG). Therefore the DAGproduct has to be isolated from other components in order toget high purity of DAG. The objective of the research was topurify and to find out optimal concentration of DAG derivedfrom a mixture product of CPO glycerolysis at laboratoryscale experiment (total reactant for glycerolysis was93.8 mL) and semipilot scale experiment (10 times oflaboratory scale) using column chromatography with silicagel as stationary phase. The research showed that thehighest DAG content could be collected at fraction of 26 th i.e65%, while at semipilot scale experiment the highest contentof DAG (97%) was achieved at 64 to 66th fraction.Reglycerolysis of residual CPO only yielded 8.24%glycerolysis product which was much lower than that of thefirst glycerolysis reaching 46.67%. The highest DAG derivedfrom the second reglycerolysis product was achieved at 24 thfraction reaching 35.71 % .AbstrakMinyak nabati kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG)dikenal sebagai minyak sehat (healthy oil). Minyak ini jauhlebih mahal dari minyak makan biasa. Produksi DAG dapatdilakukan dengan proses gliserolisis CPO menggunakanenzim lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari kapang Rhizopusoryzae. Produk gliserolisis CPO triasilgliserol adalahcampuran DAG, monoasilgliserol (MAG) dan asam lemakbebas (ALB) serta residu triasilgliserol (TAG) yang tidaktergliserolisis. Oleh karena itu DAG yang terbentuk harusdipisahkan dari komponen lainnya agar diperoleh fraksi DAGdengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemurnikan dan menetapkan konsentrasi DAG yang dapatdiperoleh dari gliserolisis CPO skala lab (total reaktan93,8 mL) dan skala semipilot (10 kali skala laboratorium)dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase padat silikagel. Residu TAG dari gliserolisis pertama digunakan untukgliserolisis kedua atau gliserolisis ulang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa fraksi DAG dengan konsentrasitertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi ke-26 yaitu sebesar 65%,sedangkan pada percobaan dengan skala semipilot (10 kaliskala laboratorium) diketahui bahwa konsentrasi DAGtertinggi (97%) diperoleh pada fraksi ke-64 sampai denganke-66. Gliserolisis kedua dari residu CPO hanya mampumenghidrolisis TAG menjadi campuran DAG, MAG danALB sekitar 8,24%, lebih kecil dari reaksi gliserolisispertama yaitu sebesar 46,67%. DAG tertinggi yang berhasildikumpulkan dari produk gliserolisis kedua adalah padafraksi ke-24 yaitu sebesar 35,71% .
Analisis keragaman genetik Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman kakao dan tanaman pelindungnya menggunakan Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Genetic diversity analysis of Ganoderma spp. associated with cocoa and its shade trees using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Hayati MINARSIH; Dyah LINGGA NP; TW DARMONO DARMONO; Elis Nina HERLIYANA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (272.206 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.72

Abstract

AbstractInformation on genetic diversity of Ganoderma spp.causing root rot disease in crops is important to developa proper strategy for the control of Ganoderma disease. Theobjectives of this research were to study the genetic diversityof Ganoderma spp. associated with cacao and its shade trees(Albazia faltacaria, Swietenia mahogani, Adenatheramicrosperma and Leucaena leucocephala) by randomamplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Fourty fivesamples of Ganoderma spp. were used in this research. Theresults showed that DNA amplification using 10 arbitraryoligonucleotide primers produced 220 DNA fragmentsshowing polymorphisms. The cluster analysis showed that 45number of Ganoderma samples had a high variability with thecoefficient value ranged from 0.71 to 0.91. Further analysisusing Winboot software showed that three groups ofGanoderma spp. had a high degree of confidence (>50 %),which were Ganoderma samples from sengon (Paraserianthessp.) of Tasikmalaya, sengon (Paraserianthes sp.) ofPalembang, and mahogany of Jember; whereas the othergroups of samples had a low degree of confidence (<50%).AbstrakInformasi tentang keragaman genetik Ganoderma spp.sebagai penyebab penyakit busuk akar pada tanamanperkebunan sangat diperlukan untuk menerapkan strategiyang tepat dalam upaya perlindungan tanaman perkebunan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetikGanoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman kakao dantanaman pelindungnya (sengon, mahoni, saga dan lamtoro)dari berbagai wilayah di Indonesia menggunakan penandamolekuler random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).Sebanyak 45 sampel Ganoderma spp digunakan dalampenelitian ini. Amplifikasi DNA dengan 10 primer terpilihmenghasilkan 220 fragmen DNA yang menunjukkan adanyapolimorfisme. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya keragamanyang cukup tinggi di antara sampel Ganoderma spp. daripohon inang dan wilayah yang berbeda, dengan nilaikoefisien 0,71-0,91. Berdasarkan analisis bootstrapdiketahui bahwa tiga kelompok sampel Ganoderma spp.memiliki tingkat kepercayaan yang tinggi (>50 %) yaitukelompok Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan pohonsengon asal Tasikmalaya, sengon Palembang, dan mahoniJember; sedangkan pengelompokan lainnya menunjukkmenunjukkan tingkat kepercayaan yang rendah (<50 %).
Pengaruh jenis penutup botol kultur terhadap pertumbuhan planlet kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Effect of different culture vessel closures on the growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantlets Masna Maya SINTA; Imron RIYADI; . UMARYONO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (259.573 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.68

Abstract

AbstractMicroenvironment inside the culture vessel such astemperature, light intensity, relative humidity, and aerationaffect growth and development of plantlets. This experimentwas conducted to determine the effect of different culturevessel closures on microenvironmental conditions inside thevessel and on growth of plantlets of oil palm. Shoots of oilpalm derived from somatic embryos were cultured on DFmedium for eight weeks in transparent culture bottlescovered with five different vessel closures e.i. screw cap withplastic wrap, screw cap, plastic wrap, aluminum foil, andautoclavable plastic. The culture vessels were placed in theculture room with light intensity 20 µmol/m 2 /sec for 12 hoursphotoperiod, at room temperature 26°C. Parametersobserved on plantlet growth were shoot height, biomass freshweight, leaf number, and leaf color grade, while onmicroenvironment were temperature and light intensity. Atthe end of experiment, the volume and fresh weight of theremaining medium were measured to determine evaporationrate of each treatment. Results show that the use of differentculture vessel closures affected the microenvironment insidethe vessel, the volume of the remaining medium, and thegrowth of the plantlets. The closure increased thetemperature by 1.6 – 2.6°C and decreased the light intensityby 1.7 – 8.7 µmol/m 2 /sec inside the culture vessels dependson the culture vessel closures. Culture vessels with aluminumfoil closure had the lowest temperature (28.9°C) and thelowest light intensity (10.8 µmol/m 2 /sec) gave the best resultin the growth of the plantlets. Better plantlets growth wasalso observed in the culture vessel with autoclavable plasticclosure that less expensive, therefore it can be used as analternative vessel closure for the growth of oil palm plantlets.AbstrakLingkungan mikro di dalam botol kultur seperti suhu,intensitas cahaya, kelembaban nisbi dan aerasi mem-pengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan planlet.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruhpenggunaan penutup botol kultur yang berbeda terhadapkondisi lingkungan mikro di dalam botol kultur danpertumbuhan planlet kelapa sawit. Planlet kelapa sawit asalembrio somatik dikulturkan dalam botol kultur bening berisimedium DF selama delapan minggu dan ditutup mengguna-kan lima jenis penutup botol yang berbeda yaitu tutup ulirdengan plastik wrap, tutup ulir, plastik wrap, aluminium foildan plastik tahan diautoklaf. Kultur diletakkan dalam ruangkultur, di bawah lampu TL dengan intensitas cahaya20 µmol/m 2 /detik dan suhu ruang 26 o C. Parameterpertumbuhan planlet yang diamati adalah tinggi planlet,bobot basah, jumlah daun dan kelas warna daun, sedangkanlingkungan mikro adalah suhu dan intensitas cahaya. Padaakhir eksperimen, volume dan bobot basah medium yangtersisa diukur untuk mengetahui tingkat penguapan padasetiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapenggunaan penutup botol yang berbeda berpengaruhterhadap lingkungan mikro, volume medium tersisa dalambotol kultur dan pertumbuhan planlet. Penutup botolmeningkatkan suhu 1,6 – 2,6 o C dan menurunkan intensitascahaya 1,7 – 8,7 µmol/m 2 /detik di dalam botol tergantungpada jenis penutup botol yang digunakan. Botol kulturdengan penutup berbahan aluminium foil mempunyaiintensitas cahaya terendah (10,8 µmol/m 2 /detik) dan suhuterendah (28,9 o C) memberikan hasil terbaik pada pembesaranplanlet kelapa sawit. Pertumbuhan planlet yang baik jugaterdapat pada botol kultur dengan penutup plastik tahandiautoklaf yang lebih murah, sehingga penutup ini dapatdigunakan sebagai pilihan untuk pembesaran planlet kelapasawit.
Sekuen Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA ribosomal Oncobasidium theobromae dan jamur sekerabat pembanding Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA Oncobasidium theobromae and other related fungi as comparison Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Achmadi PRIYATMOJO; Agus PURWANTARA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (197.092 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.75

Abstract

AbstractThe objective of this research was to sequence ITSregion from ribosomal DNA of Oncobasidium theobromae,and to compare the sequences to the isolates from Vietnamand Malaysia, and also to identify other related fungi speciesbased on the homology of the ITS region. O. theobromae wasisolated from three cocoa plantations in Indonesia that wereJember, Kendari, and Makasar. DNA was isolated from thefungal mycelia, and then amplified using ITS-4 and ITS-5primers, resulted in DNA fragments of 600 bp and 700 bpfor the isolate from Jember, 600 bp for the isolate fromKendari, and 700 bp for the isolate from Makasar. All of thefragments were successfully sequenced, except for 600 bpfragment of the isolate from Jember. The homology analysisusing BLAST was confirmed that ITS sequencesO. theobromae from Jember was homolog with Rhizoctoniasp. and Ceratobasidium sp., whereas isolate from Kendariwas homolog with Botryosphaeria sp. and isolate fromMakasar was homolog with Mycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Thesequences were then compared to the sequences ofO. theobromae from Vietnam and Malaysia. Phylogeneticanalyses using Clustal W program indicated thatO. theobrome from Indonesia which is represented byisolates from Jember showed higher degree of similarity toisolates from Vietnam. On the contrary, isolates fromIndonesia showed lower degree of similarity to isolates fromMalaysia.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sekuen daerahITS dari DNA ribosomal jamur Oncobasidium theobromae,dan membandingkannya dengan sekuen jamur O. theobromaeyang berasal dari Malaysia dan Vietnam, serta untukmengidentifikasi spesies lain yang merupakan kerabat dekatO. theobromae dengan berdasarkan kemiripan sekuenITSnya. Isolat jamur O. theobromae diisolasi dari tiga lokasiperkebunan kakao di Indonesia yaitu Jember, Kendari danMakasar. DNA diisolasi dari miselium jamur. Amplifikasidaerah ITS menggunakan primer ITS-4 dan ITS-5menghasilkan fragmen 600 bp dan 700 bp untuk isolatJember, 600 bp untuk isolat Kendari dan 700 bp untuk isolatMakasar. Semua fragmen berhasil disekuensing kecualifragmen Jember 600 bp. Analisis homologi menggunakanBLAST menunjukkan fragmen isolat Jember 700 bpmemiliki homologi tertinggi dengan Rhizoctonia sp. danCeratobasidium sp., isolat Kendari 600 bp homolog denganBotryosphaeria sp., dan isolat Makasar homolog denganMycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Hasil sekuen tersebut kemudiandibandingkan dengan sekuen daerah ITS O.theobromae dariMalaysia dan Vietnam untuk mengetahui hubungankekerabatannya. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan programClustal W menunjukkan O. theobromae dari Indonesia yangdiwakili oleh isolat Jember berkerabat dekat dengan isolatVietnam, akan tetapi tidak dengan isolat Malaysia.
Optimasi produksi diasilgliserol dari crude palm oil menggunakan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 Optimation of diacylglycerol production from crude palm oil using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; Urip PERWITASARI
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (268.219 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.69

Abstract

AbstractModern lifestyle caused the increasing prevalence ofobesity that precedes degenerative disease such as coronarycardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, anddiabetes mellitus. Use of healthy oil in the daily food diet couldreduce the risk of the disease. One of healthy oils that proved tobe useful for human health is diacylglycerol (DAG).Unfortunately, production of DAG in Indonesia is hampered bythe relatively high price of the lipase enzyme. To overcome theprovision of costly imported lipase in producing DAG, aresearch was conducted by employing crude extract of lipaseenzyme from an indigenous mold namely Rhizopus oryzaeTP-2. Crude extract of lipase enzyme from mycelium culturefiltrate was freeze dryed and used for crude palm oil (CPO)bioconversion through glycerolysis at various processcondition. The objective of this research was to determineoptimum variable of temperature, incubation time, amount ofsubstrate and pH in producing DAG from CPO using lipase ofR. oryzae TP-2. The reseach result showed that lipase fromR. oryzae TP-2 was proved to be specific at position of 1,3-glyceride as indicated by glycerolysis products i.e DAG/TAGratio 0.48 higher than that of FFA/TAG ratio 0.06. Optimumconditions for glycerolysis were at temperature 37 o C, pH 7,3 g of CPO substrate, and 18 hours of incubation time. DAGyield by this optimum condition reach as much as 20.76 % w/w.The lipase derived from this experiment produced DAG betterthan that of using imported commercially lipase enzyme ofRhizomucor meihei.AbstrakGaya hidup modern telah menyebabkan meningkatnyakasus kegemukan yang berdampak timbulnya berbagaipenyakit degeneratif seperti jantung koroner, hiper-kolesterolemia, stroke dan diabetes mellitus. Penggunaanminyak sehat (healthy oil) sebagai menu diet sehari-hari dapatmengurangi faktor risiko penyakit tersebut. Salah satu jenisminyak sehat yang terbukti berdampak positif pada kesehatanmanusia adalah diasilgliserol (DAG). Sayangnya, produksiDAG di Indonesia terkendala oleh mahalnya enzim lipasespesifik 1,3-gliserida yang masih harus diimpor. Untukmengatasi mahalnya enzim lipase impor dalam produksi DAGdari CPO, penelitian penggunaan ekstrak kasar lipase darikapang lokal Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 telah dilakukan. Ekstrakkasar lipase dari filtrat kultur miselium R. oryzae TP-2dikeringbekukan dan digunakan untuk biokonversi CPOmelalui proses gliserolisis pada berbagai kondisi reaksi.Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan peubah suhu, waktu, jumlahsubstrat dan pH optimum dalam produksi DAG menggunakanlipase dari R. oryzae TP-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa enzim lipase R. oryzae TP-2 bersifat spesifik1,3-gliserida yang ditunjukkan oleh nisbah DAG/TAG, yaitu0,48 lebih besar dari nisbah ALB/TAG yaitu sebesar 0,06.Kondisi optimum untuk gliserolisis CPO adalah waktu inkubasiselama 18 jam, suhu reaksi 37°C, jumlah substrat CPO 3 g, danpH reaksi 7. Hasil DAG pada kondisi optimum gliserolisisadalah 20,76 %. (b/b). Lipase R. oryzae TP-2 yang digunakandalam penelitian ini menghasilkan DAG lebih tinggi dari padalipase impor asal Rhizomucor meihei.

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