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Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability

IJoLCAS
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Published by Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network

ISSN : - EISSN : 2548804X DOI : -

Core Subject : Education,

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IJoLCAS accepts scientific contributions on the following topics: life cycle assessment, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, life cycle sustainability assessment, social life cycle assessment, life cycle costing, environmental footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, land footprint, chemical footprint, life cycle perspective/thinking/approach in environmental management system, life cycle engineering, input-output analysis, substance and material flow analysis, industrial ecology, and circular economy.

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Articles 37 Documents

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Environmental Impacts of Palm Oil Products: What can we learn from LCA? Cécile Bessou; Lénaïc Pardon
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Quantifying the environmental impact of production systems has become a milestone for agricultural commodity chains. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a unique ISO standardized methodology for estimating the environmental impact of human activities along a commodity chain. In the last decade, LCA has become the worldwide standard for environmental product declarations and the baseline model behind various GHG calculators and certifications (e.g. European Directive 2009; RSPO PalmGHG 2012). Various LCA on palm oil products have shown that the agricultural stage is a major contributor to most of the potential environmental impacts, including global warming, eutrophication and acidification for instance. This large contribution is due to combined important nitrogen (N) input levels in the field and low input levels at the mill and refinery stages. The agricultural stage remains a critical contributor even when the system boundary is extended to palm-based biofuel production. Focusing on global warming impact, main contributors are N-related GHG emissions in the plantation and methane emissions from palm oil mill effluent treatment. The impact from the plantation becomes overwhelming when forests or peatland areas are converted to palm plantations. Meanwhile, impact from palm oil mill effluent can be drastically reduced if the biogas is captured with electricity recovery. While nitrogen inputs are critical, LCA models still mostly rely on global emission factor. A better modeling of the nitrogen balance including a better accounting for soil processes would allow for a more accurate diagnosis of environmental impacts and control levers in plantation management.

Table of Content Vol 3, No 1
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (235.145 KB)

Life cycle assessment (LCA) refuse derived fuel (RDF) waste in pusat inovasi agro teknologi (PIAT) Universitas Gadjah Mada as alternative waste management for energy Titi Tiara Anasstasia; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Imam Haryanto; Rio Arya Pratama
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi (PIAT) handles institutional waste generated from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Waste from UGM is called Institutional Solid Waste (ISW) reaches 1,427.27 kg / week. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was used as a tool to calculate and evaluate the environmental impact of potential ISW conversion to densified Refused Derived Fuel (dRDF) with gate to gate framework system. For simulation, OpenLCA software equipped with Ecoinvent database was used in this work. The results showed that conversion of combustible inorganic waste into densified Refuse Derived Fuel (dRDF) along with conversion of organic waste into compost gave following environmental impacts: global warming potential of 1.3E+00 kg CO2 eq, acidification 3.9E-03kg SO4 eq., eutrophication 7.1E-01 kg P eq., human toxicity 1.2E+00 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene and terrestrial ecotoxicity 6.1E-02 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene. By separating combustible from non-combustible inorganic waste may significantly improve the quality of dRDF as well as the quantity of compost. The substitution of coal using dRDF combined with the selling of compost is a feasible option. In addition, our results also showed that installation of exhaust gas emission control could further reduce the environmental impact of dRDF production. An economic evaluation was also conducted to evaluate the scenario of converting ISW into dRDF and compost. This option appeared to be profitable, provided that no restrictions to the processed waste, steady flow of dRDF product to the end-users, and the presence of standard price for dRDF.

Preface and Table of Contents editor editor
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (132.129 KB)

Environmental Assessment of Motorcycle using a Life-Cycle Perspective Bertha Maya Sopha; Setiowati Setiowati; Sholeh Ma’mun
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Transportation sector contributes as the second largest polluter of the air pollution in Indonesia. Of the transportation sector, road transport has generated 70% of the air pollution, 81% of which is attributable to motorcycles. The motorcycles are currently accounting for 79% of the total motor vehicles. It is predicted that the number of motorcycles will continue to grow at an annual rate of 9-26%. However, due to little attention to the motorcycle’s environmental impacts, this present study, therefore, aims to assess and report the environmental impacts of using motorcycles based on life-cycle perspective. Using a functional unit of one passenger per kilometer (pkm), resource consumption and emissions through the entire life-cycle of a motorcycle were estimated. The foreground Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) was compiled through observation, interview, and secondary data, while the background LCI was based on ecoinvent data v.2.0. Results show that the environmental impacts of the chosen function unit constitute Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential (ADP) of 0.515 g Sb-eq., Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 176 g CO2-eq, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP) of 1.1 g 1.4-DCB-eq, and Acidification Potential (AP) of 0.544 g SO2-eq, respectively. Operation (usage stage) of the motorcycle has been the most contributor to GWP and AP, while manufacturing stage has been the most contributor to HTP. Potential interventions related to the manufacturing process, fuel, and usage of the motorcycle to reduce the environmental impacts are also discussed.

An LCA of French beans from Kenya for decision-makers Claudine Basset-Mens; Andrew Edewa; Céline Gentil
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52394/ijolcas.v3i1.45

Although challenging, private and public decision-makers increasingly demand for quantitative assessments of the environmental performance of value chains in South contexts. This paper presents and critically analyzes a complete LCA study performed with Endpoint indicators for a public decision-maker for the fresh French bean (FB) value chain of Kenya. A cradle-to-market-gate LCA study was done including five main stages: agricultural production, transport by road before pack-house, pack-house, transport by road after pack-house, intercontinental transport by air-freight and using 1 kg of raw French bean processed as functional unit. Supported by local experts, primary data were collected for all inputs and outputs for 33 farms over 5 counties and 2 pack-houses. An expert-based typology defined four farm types: large-farm, medium-farm, small-holder farm (SHF) contracted and small-holder farm scattered. Best available methods for field emissions were used and adapted when possible to local conditions (e.g. P losses). At market-gate, air-freight was identified as main hot-spot pleading for the design of stabilized FB products that could be sea-freighted. At farm-gate, large differences were observed between farm types and fertilizer, water and land use were the key-drivers of their eco-efficiency. Impacts due to pesticides applications were small at Endpoint level but were incomplete. These results should be validated with a greater sample of stakeholders and the scope of the LCA should be extended to the consumption stage. Research is also needed to provide LCA practitionners with operational and reliable tools for a better inclusion of pesticides’ impacts and uncertainty.

Preface and Table of Contents . .
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.076 KB)

Towards a Region-Specific Impact Assessment of Water Degradation In Water Footprinting Natalia Finogenova; Markus Berger; Lennart Schelter; Rike Becker; Tim aus der Beek; Muhammad Usman; Frank-Andreas Weber; Matthias Finkbeiner
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Water footprint evaluates impacts associated with the water use along a product’s life cycle. In order to quantify impacts resulting from water pollution in a comprehensive manner, impact categories, such as human toxicity, were developed in the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Nevertheless, methods addressing human health impacts often have a low spatial resolution and, thus, are not able to model impacts on a local scale. To address this issue, we develop a region-specific model for the human toxicity impacts for the cotton-textile industry in Punjab, Pakistan. We analysed local cause-effect chains and created a region “Punjab” in the USEtox model using local climate, landscape, and population data. Finally, we calculated human health impacts for the emissions of pesticides from the cotton cultivation and heavy metals from the textile production. The results were compared to that obtained for the region India+ (where Pakistan belongs) provided by USEtox. The overall result obtained for Punjab is higher than that for India+. In Punjab, the dominant pathway is ingestion via drinking water, which contributes to two-thirds of the total impacts. Nevertheless, the USEtox model does not reflect the local cause-effect chains completely due to absence of the groundwater compartment. Since groundwater is the main source for drinking in Punjab, a more detailed analysis of the fate of and exposure to the pollutants is needed. This study demonstrates that a region-specific assessment of the water quality aspects is essential to provide a more robust evaluation of the human health impacts within water footprinting.

Challenges for Life Cycle Assessment Of Palm Oil Production System Heinz Stichnothe; Cécile Bessou
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Growing demand for palm oil is driven by increasing human population, income growth as well as biodiesel stimulation programs. Covering an area of over ten million ha in Indonesia, palm oil production is also one of the most important sources of crop residues while processing generates large amounts of wastewater. Cultivation and processing of this crop are considered as potentially large sources of emissions. Improving environmental impacts of the palm oil production can help to reduce existing emissions while increasing yield and generating surplus energy and farm income. However, area expansion for oil palm plantation is perceived as closely linked to illegal logging, deforestation and diminishing biodiversity. Apart from ensuring sustainable land use change, the use of residues is the most important criterion in ensuring sustainable palm oil. It is important to note that there are trade-offs (e.g. between maximizing bio energy production, reducing environmental impacts other than greenhouse gases (GHG), and sustaining soil fertility). Nitrogen (N) losses in palm oil production systems are a major environmental and economic issue. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive knowledge on how to calculate N-budgets in oil palm plantation in order to optimize fertilization, taking into account N-leaching and N-gaseous emissions. Land use, soil-carbon, N-emissions and biodiversity are key aspects of life cycle assessment (LCA) of palm oil production systems and they pose a number of methodological questions.

Evaluation of Different Aquaculture Feed Ingredients in Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment Patrik John Gustav Henriksson; Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan; Michael John Phillips
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Indonesia’s aquaculture industry has grown by almost 25% annually over the last five years, an achievement enabled through the increased use of commercial aquaculture feeds, made from agricultural, capture fisheries and livestock resources. The reliance of aquaculture on capture fisheries has, however, attracted criticism, as has the land use consequences of imported Brazilian soybeans. Sourcing more sustainable resources has thus become part of maintaining a good environmental image and to secure long-term growth. In the present study we applied LCA to a number of feed ingredients used by the Indonesian aquaculture industry, including local fishmeal, rice and maize, as well as imported soybean, wheat and livestock byproduct meal (BPM). The impact categories global warming, acidification, eutrophication, land occupation and freshwater consumption were evaluated. Shrimp byproduct meal was generally associated with the largest emissions, followed by poultry byproduct meal. Wheat bran from Australia was the agricultural product with the largest acidification impacts, while rice bran had largest freshwater requirements. Overall, however, a shift is needed away from the overexploited local fish stocks towards alternative substitutes.

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