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Using the LANCA® Model to Account for Soil Quality Within LCA: First Application and Approach Comparison in Two Contrasted Tropical Case Studies Alexis Thoumazeau; Céline Bustany; Jérémy Rodrigues; Cécile Bessou
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Assessing the effect of land management on soil quality is nowadays a key environmental concern, as the soil system is linked to major ecosystem services. There is a strong methodological shortage to integrate the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the soil system within large scale environmental frameworks, such as the Life Cycle Assessment. The LANCA® method was proposed to meet this need, integrating five impact categories of soil functions and directly applicable within the Life Cycle Assessment framework. Although the most recent 2016-LANCA® version shows readiness to be integrated in this large scale environmental framework to meet the demand, it has not yet been applied and validated on case studies. This study proposes a first application of the LANCA® model on two contrasted agricultural-based case studies to share experience in implementing the model through both background and foreground approaches, to analyze the first model outputs and to provide tracks for further model improvements. The results proved that both LANCA® approaches were poorly sensitive to the agricultural land managements tested. The foreground approach was difficult to implement due to the lack of transparency of the targeted characterization factors calculation procedure. Further global sensitivity and redundancy analysis should also be proposed in order to validate the consistency of the global model.

Life Cycle Assessment Approach on Food Packaging to Build Sustainable Consumption Awareness in Developing Countries NiLuh Widyaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Household consumption is the value of products bought by the household. Consumption takes the biggest part in our lives to support our basic needs on food, clothe, and shelter. The products packaging do not come from natural anymore but from the man-made, such as paper, plastic, glass or metal. Most of the packaging become waste into the environment. There are organic and inorganic waste. The increasing number of population will increase the demand on the products and it will create more waste. Indonesia is the 4th most populated country in the world and it has still waste management problems in urban and rural area. In 2014 from my research, Jakarta has higher percentage on non-food than on food consumption but the contribution from food products into the local economy gets higher every year. We can see this phenomena almost in every place. This research used qualitative approach to gather data and information regarding people’s perception about household solid waste from their consumption behavior. The data do not available on the lower level adminitration. From the focus group discussion in Setia Asih Village (Bekasi) showed that local people and government have less knowledge on household solid waste, especially the life cycle via food packaging and how to treat the waste. So, I build a concept to solve the mind-set issue on the sustainable consumption awareness through the life cycle assessment approach. Local people and government can used it to improve their quality of life (social and economy) and environmental condition.

Life Cycle Assessment Applications To The Dry Steam Geothermal Power Generation (Case Study: Star Energy Geothermal Wayang Windu, Ltd, Indonesia) Rina Annisa; Benno Rahardyan
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Geothermal potential in Indonesia estimate can produced renewable energy 29 GW, and until 2016 it still used 5% or about 1643 MW in. From that result, about 227 MW produced by Wayang Windu geothermal power plant. The Input were raw material, energy and water. These input produced electricity as main product, by product, and also other output that related to environment i.e. emission, solid waste and waste water. All environmental impacts should be controlled to comply with environmental standard, and even go beyond compliance and perform continual improvement. This research will use Life Cycle Assessment method based on ISO 14040 and use cradle to gate concept with boundary from liquid steam production until electricity produced, and Megawatt Hours as the functional unit. Life Cycle Inventory has been done with direct input and output in the boundary and resulted that subsystem of Non Condensable Gas and condensate production have the largest environmental impact. LCI also show that every MWh electricity produced, it needed 6.87 Ton dry steam or 8.16 Ton liquid steam. Global Warming Potential (GWP) value is 0.155 Ton CO2eq./MWh, Acidification Potential (AP) 1.69 kg SO2eq./MWh, Eutrophication Potential (EP) 5.36 gPO4 eq./MWh and land use impacts 0.000024 PDF/m2. Life Cycle Impact Assessment resulted that AP contribute 78% of environmental impact and 98% resulted from H2S Non Condensable Gas. Comparison results with another dry steam geothermal power plant show that impact potential result of the company in good position and there’s a strong relation between gross production, GWP and AP value.Keywords: Life cycle assessment; Geothermal; Continual Improvement; Global Warming Potential; Acidification Potential

Global Warming Impact and Energy Analysis of Tempeh Made from Local and Imported Soybean Muhamad Ifdholy; Muhammad Romli; Edi Wiloso
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52394/ijolcas.v2i2.65

AbstractIndonesia is a country with the largest number of tempeh producers in the world. However, the practice of tempeh production by most entrepreneurs has not paid enough attention to environmental aspects. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as a method to assess the environmental impact of tempeh labeled as hygienic, produced by Rumah Tempeh Indonesia (RTI) located in Bogor, West Java. The hygienic tempeh consists of two types, namely one made of local soybean (Tempeh Sehat) and the other made of imported soybean (Tempeh Kita). The extent of the environmental impact, in the form of GHG emissions and energy efficiency, throughout the life cycle of tempeh is calculated, analyzed and some improvement scenarios are proposed. The life cycle of tempeh is limited to soybean cultivation, raw material transportation and tempeh processing at RTI. The results show that Tempeh Sehat generates GHG emissions of 0.323 kg CO2-eq, while Tempeh Kita is 0.555 kg CO2-eq per kg of product. The hotspots that contribute to GHG impacts are identified as originating from the stages of soybeans transportation and tempeh processing. Energy efficiency is indicated by the Net Energy Value (NEV) and the Net Energy Ratio (NER) of both types of products. Tempeh Sehat has NEV of 2.064 MJ, while Tempeh Kita is 0.318 MJ. Both types of products show the value of NER>1. Further analysis of existing production practices has led to several scenarios of improvement and their environmental effects have been discussed. Keywords: Tempeh; LCA; GHG emission; energy efficiency

Life Cycle Assessment of Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Photovoltaics and their End-of-Life Marina Moneiro Lunardi; Juan Pablo Alvarez-Gaitan; Jose Bilbao; Richard Paul Corkish
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

The rapid global uptake of solar photovoltaics (PV) promises the hope of affordable low-carbon electricity. Most production of PV modules so far, and for the foreseeable future, has been based on silicon wafer cells and while there are further R&D outcomes still to be fully transferred to the silicon cell industry, the next major technology change is likely to be the addition of a thin-film top cell to form an efficient tandem device. The authors have applied life cycle assessment (LCA) to several of the current and potential mass manufactured solar cell technology choices, including different silicon wafer styles and silicon/thin-film tandems. We have demonstrated that the environmental benefits of some paths for efficiency improvements, particularly of the incorporation of atomic hydrogen into silicon wafers, more than compensate for the additional inputs required. Furthermore, we have shown that the stability of top-cell materials for tandems is paramount, to avoid the premature demise of the underlying silicon bottom cell.The end-of-life has been assumed to be landfill in most preceding LCA studies but there is a growing global need for PV recycling due to the rapid rise in uptake of photovoltaics, which will result in a significant future waste stream. Europe is leading the world in requiring industry stewardship for photovoltaics (and batteries, inverters and other system components) and other jurisdictions, including Australia, are following. However, photovoltaic modules are difficult to dismantle or deconstruct for materials recovery by methods that are both financially and environmentally sustainable. We will use LCA to guide our research on module recycling by chemical, thermal and mechanical methods and their combinations, with an aim to maximize the value of the recovered materials.

Critical parameters for integrating co-composting of POME and EFB into life cycle assessment models of palm oil production. Victor Baron; Mohamed Saoud; Joni Jupesta; Ikhsan Rezky Praptantyo; Hartono Tirto Admojo; Cécile Bessou; Jean-Pierre Caliman
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52394/ijolcas.v3i1.72

Palm oil mill’s co-products (empty fruit bunch – EFB and palm oil mill effluent – POME) management is a matter of concern in Indonesia. Co-composting is a promising waste management practice that would allow a reduction of environmental impact and a restitution of organic matter to the soil. This study is a part of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) project and aims to pinpoint the most environmentally impacting compartments of the palm oil production chain. It deals more specifically with the Life Cycle Inventory of data on the composting process based on site specific data. Data on the recycled biomass, energy demand and yielded compost properties were recorded in an industrial palm oil mill over one year. Due to the local conditions, high nutrient leaching from the compost were recorded and the compost remained very wet and hot (thermophilic phase). The composting process only led to 40% of methane avoidance compared to anaerobic digestion of POME, and the global nutrient recovery efficiency was below 50%. We identified the following critical parameters to increase environmental benefits from composting: i) the POME/FFB ratio from the mill ii) the roofing of the composting platform, iii) the POME/EFB ratio, iv) the turning frequency, v) the recycling of leachates and vi) the process duration and drying period. The nutrient recovery and the doses of compost applied in the field depend on all of those inter-connected parameters. The data presented will be used within LCA models to assess net environmental benefits from various POME and EFB co-composting systems.

A participatory, territory-rooted and change-oriented approach to assess the multi-criteria contribution of an agrifood value chain to sustainable development Jonathan Vayssières; Alexandre Thévenot; Ivonne Acosta; Mathieu Vigne; Emmanuel Tillard
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52394/ijolcas.v3i1.84

Agrifood Value chains (AVCs) can be powerful driving forces for sustainable development. Multi-criteria analysis is particularly useful for supporting decision making on improvement measures in AVCs. Methodological guidelines are still needed to effectively integrate environmental and socio-economical assessment tools and indicators at this level.In this paper, we propose a participatory, territory-rooted and change-oriented framework. The framework is applied to analyse the contribution of the main local poultry AVC in Reunion Island to the sustainable development of the territory. The main stakeholders of the AVC participated in (i) identifying key territory challenges, (ii) selecting corresponding appropriate assessment methods and indicators, (iii) defining the perimeter of the AVC and (iv) the improvement scenarios to be explored, v) providing data inventory, and vi) interpreting the results of the assessment.Both the environmental life cycle assessment and the effect method fit the proposed framework particularly well. They were applied to the same AVC data inventory, improvement scenarios were explored and indicators were spatialized to distinguish the local impacts in the root territory and externalized impacts at the global scale.In the ecological dimension of our case study, most of the effects linked to the AVC activities which threaten resources conservation and ecosystem health are externalized. This is due to strong dependency on foreign resources: in the case of fossil energy and raw materials used for livestock feed, 82% of environmental impacts occur outside Reunion Island. In the socio-economic dimension, the employment created by the AVC is mainly local due to the use of local services, 89% of jobs are provided in Reunion Island. Improvement of on-farm eco-efficiency was shown to be a mitigation option that would significantly affect the impacts of the AVC. Human and ecosystem health, and resources conservation would be improved by respectively +2.2, +9.8 and +4.8,% at global scale. But the AVC industrial network and the community would also be negatively affected, by respectively -2.2 and -3.0%, at local scale. This study underlines trade-offs between the environmental and the socio-economic dimensions and methodological challenges associated with the effective integration of assessment methods originating from diverse disciplines.

Global Warming Impacts Study of Tofu Products in Mampang Prapatan Small and Medium Enterprises with Life Cycle Assessment Methods Bayu Sukmana; Isti Surjandari; Muryanto .; Arief A. R. Setiawan; Edi Iswanto Wiloso
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Firstly global warming issue caused by greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) which comes from human activities. Along with increasing of daily need, that humans of activities food produce is also increase, include of tofu. Tofu is a traditional Indonesian specialty made from soybeans and used as a side dish. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of global warming from tofu products on Mampang Prapatan's Small Tofu and Medium Enterprises. The method used in this study is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with the help of Simapro 8.4 software with a 1 kg tofu functional unit. The data collected in this study is the average data of tofu production for 3 months, namely January - March 2018. The LCA data in this study include the process of soybean cultivation, transportation processes for shipping soybeans, water, fuel wood, and electricity use. The limitations of this study are from cradle (soybean cultivation) to gate (tofu products).The results showed that UKM Mampang Prapatan has the potential impact of global warming with a value of 3.84 kg CO2-eq, while the value of global warming in the production process knows the scenario of wastewater treatment and the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as fuel for boiling pulp 4.49 kg CO2-eq soybeans. Based on the results of this study, greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions are issued; the intervention that can be done is to optimize the use of raw materials for production to reduce the impact of CO2-eq kg global warming.

Ten Golden Rules for Applying Life Cycle Information Jim Fava
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

We have seen rivers burning, marine litter growing, climate change impacts increasing, limited resources to name a few. Often our resources are directed towards actions which we create unexpected impacts elsewhere, because we have not considered the full range of impacts along a product life cycle. Life cycle assessment has increasing become a tool of choice to understand the environmental and social trade-offs associated with product and packaging systems. What have we learned that can accelerate the generation and use of life cycle information to inform decision making? As we are approaching nearly 30 years of experiences, there is much still to do to develop the capacity and capabilities to generate and use life cycle information to ensure we are working on the right issue, at the right place in the value chain, and by the right groups. We see a future where products will be designed, manufactured, used and managed at the end of life in ways to create reduced environmental and social impacts than the previous generation. These innovative products will create business value, e.g., growing revenue, enhancing brand, reducing costs, and mitigating risk). All actors over a product’s life cycle have a role. New business models will surface. These outcomes are happening now, but not at the scale needed. Based upon nearly 30 years of experiences, we have identified Ten Golden Rules for applying life cycle information. These will be described with examples and guidance on how they can be applied within your own organization.

LCA and Ecodesign Framework and Applications in the Electronics Sector Christian Clemm; David Sánchez; Karsten Schischke; Nils F. Nissen; Klaus-Dieter Lang
Indonesian Journal of Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Indonesian Life Cycle Assessment Network (ILCAN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52394/ijolcas.v3i2.88

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an indispensable tool in estimating the environmental impact of products and services. Generating estimates according to international standards is a crucial precondition towards optimizing the environmental performance of products and services. In Europe, the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) provides a method on how to determine impacts associated with energy-using and energy-related products, including electric and electronic equipment (EEE). One the one hand, efforts are being made to further harmonize LCA methods to allow for comparative assertions between different products and to eventually integrate LCA results into further parts of the European environmental legislation. On the other hand, LCA studies of electronics components, products, and product-service-systems can be very complex, reflecting the global supply chains, advanced production methods, and fast technological developments in the field of EEE. This paper provides and overview of both the LCA and Ecodesign framework, current developments in the field, and illustrates the intricacies of LCA studies in the field of EEE with a focus on consumer ICT and IT devices.

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