International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
The centre of gravity of the computer industry is now moving from personal computing into embedded computing with the advent of VLSI system level integration and reconfigurable core in system-on-chip (SoC). Reconfigurable and Embedded systems are increasingly becoming a key technological component of all kinds of complex technical systems, ranging from audio-video-equipment, telephones, vehicles, toys, aircraft, medical diagnostics, pacemakers, climate control systems, manufacturing systems, intelligent power systems, security systems, to weapons etc. The aim of IJRES is to provide a vehicle for academics, industrial professionals, educators and policy makers working in the field to contribute and disseminate innovative and important new work on reconfigurable and embedded systems. The scope of the IJRES addresses the state of the art of all aspects of reconfigurable and embedded computing systems with emphasis on algorithms, circuits, systems, models, compilers, architectures, tools, design methodologies, test and applications.
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NIOS II Based Secure Test Wrapper Design for Testing Cryptographic Algorithms
Chakrapani Kannan
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp185-191
Cryptographic algorithms need infrastructure for testing them against security attacks. Normally many methods are proposed for testing these cryptographic primitives. Normal designs cannot be applied to all types of cryptographic chips. Usually build in self test is applied for the intellectual property chips for testing them. But it suffers from many problems such as side channel attack, backholes, high area overhead, etc.., to overcome all these drawbacks test wrapper is designed and tested using NIOS II economy soft core processor. NIOS II is utilized as the soft core processor and cryptographic algorithms are executed. RTL view of these cryptographic circuits is described. Synthesis result shows the chip planner view of the circuits and the area required for the logic elements. NIOS II soft-core processors perform well for testing the cryptographic algorithms. Results with respects to area optimization, memory and speed are discussed. The logic components required for design using NIOS II is optimized. Memory required is also less compare to other processors. Area required is optimized using NIOS II processor and it is flexible for design of complex circuits.
An Efficient approach for Design and Testing of FPGA Programming using LabVIEW
Naresh Kumar Reddy;
N. Suresh
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp192-200
Programming of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have long been the domain of engineers with VHDL or Verilog expertise.FPGA’s have caught the attention of algorithm developers and communication researchers, who want to use FPGAs to instantiate systems or implement DSP algorithms. These efforts however, are often stifled by the complexities of programming FPGAs. RTL programming in either VHDL or Verilog is generally not a high level of abstraction needed to represent the world of signal flow graphs and complex signal processing algorithms. This paper describes the FPGA Programs using Graphical Language rather than Verilog, VHDL with the help of LabVIEW and features of the LabVIEW FPGA environment.
Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration with FIR Filter Application
Noopur Astik
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp201-208
Dynamic partial reconfiguration has evolved as a very prominent state of art for efficient area utilization of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as well as significant reduction in its overall power consumption when properly used to lessen the idle logic on FPGA. It provides desired results even as the computational complexity increases in the field of Digital Signal Processing. This paper explains Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) with an example of Finite Impulse response (FIR) filter of order 10. Initially RTL coding for Direct Form FIR structure is written in Verilog in fixed point format for low pass and high pass filter modules using ISE Design suite. Functioning of the both the modules is verified individually through hardware co-simulation on ZYBO (Zynq Board) from Digilent using Black Box from System Generator. Finally dynamic partial reconfigurable FIR filter with low pass and high pass as reconfigurable modules is implemented on ZYBO using PlanAhead tool. Final comparison of resource utilization with and without DPR is presented
Development of BSP for ARM9 Evaluation Board
Vinayak Pandit K.;
Sanket Dessai;
Shilpa Chaudhari
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp161-172
With an increasing usage of ARM9 core for different kinds of applications ranging from data acquisition to Mobile application, there arises the need for developing ARM9 based board. To bring up this board, board supporting package (BSP) is must. Board supporting package virtualizes the platform hardware so that the different drivers can be ported easily on any hardware. The boot loader is the initial stage of firmware, which initializes the hardware components presents on the board. A universal Bootloader is chosen and is to be customized with respect to target board. In the later section bootloader is interfaced to the kernel which is obtained form an authorized distributor under general purpose license. The customized board specific routines as well drivers are ported onto the hardware. Then the compiled kernel image is ported onto the target board using a debugger and SAM-BA utility. Linux kernel has seen major releases; the basic architecture of the Linux kernel has remained more or less unchanged. The latest 2.6 version of Linux kernel is ported onto target hardware. Kernel support for many architectures and high-end I/O devices gives the independence to choose appropriate hardware for developing system. The bootloader customization is the critical step, which involves a lot of modifications in the header files. BSP components such as bootloader, kernel is compiled using GNU tool chain; obtained image is ported on target using debugger. BSP porting is a very complex task, which required knowledge of hardware and software control sequence and boot strategy of the controller.
Design and Implementation of Recursive Least Square Adaptive Filter Using Block DCD approach
Sachin S. Khanande;
S.J. Honade
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp209-212
Due to the explosive growth of multimedia application and tremendous demands in Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI), there is a need of high speed and low power digital filters for digital signal processing applications. In Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are one of the most common components which is used, by convolving the input data samples with the desired unit sample response of the filter. The proposed work deals with the design and implementation of RLS adaptive filter using block DCD approach. The evaluation of speed, area and power for proposed work will be done. Also, the comparison of the proposed design with the existing will be carried out for various input combinations.
A New-High Speed-Low Power-Carry Select Adder Using Modified GDI Technique
M. Anitha;
J.Princy Joice;
Rexlin Sheeba.I
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp173-177
Adders are of fundamental importance in a wide variety of digital systems. This paper presents a novel bit block structure which computes propagate signals as carry strength. Power consumption is one of the most significant parameters of carry select adder.The proposed method aims on GDI(Gate Diffusion Input) Technique. Modified GDI is a novel technique for low power digital circuits design further to reduce the swing degradation problem. This techniques allows reduction in power consumption, carry propagation delay and transistor count of the carry select adder.This technique can be used to reduce the number of transistors compared to conventional CSLA and made comparison with known conventional adders which gives that the usage of carry-strength signals allows high-speed adders to be realised at lower cost as well as consuming lower power than previous designs. Hence, this paper we are concentrating on the area level &we are reducing the power using modified GDI logic.
Design and Implementation of Four Bit Binary Shifter Circuit Using Reversible Logic Approach
Vandana Shukla;
O. P. Singh;
G. R. Mishra;
R. K. Tiwari
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp213-218
Shifter circuits are the key component of arithmetic logic unit as well as storage unit of any digital computing device. Designing these shifter circuits using reversible logic approach leads to create low power loss digital systems. Reversible circuit design approach is nowadays widely applicable in various disciplines such as Nanotechnology, Low power CMOS design, Optical computing etc. This paper presents two design approaches for four bit binary combinational shifter circuit with the help of different types of reversible logic gates. The proposed optimized design is simulated using Modelsim tool and synthesised for Xilinx Spartan 3E with Device XC3S500E with 200 MHz frequency.
Design of Low Power Dual Dynamic Node Flip-Flop Using Sleep Transistor with NMOS
Ajeesh Kumar;
N. Saraswathi
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 4, No 3: November 2015
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp178-184
This paper introduces a Low Power Dual DynamicNode FlipFlop(DDFF) using Sleep Transistor with NMOS. Theproposed design retains the logic level till the end of evaluation and pre-charge mode. The low power DDFF architecturethat combines the advantages of dynamic and static CMOSstructures. The Sleep Transistors approach are used for leakagepower reduction. It reduces leakage current in ideal mode.The performance of the proposed flip flop was compared withthe conventional dual dynamic node flip flop (DDFF) in 90nmCMOS technology with 1.2v supply voltage at room temperatures.Also, conventional DDFF and DDFF using Sleep Transistor withNMOS are compared with other complicated designs and realizesby a 4-bit Johnson up and down counter. The performanceimprovements indicates that the proposed designs are suited formodern high-performance CMOS circuits where leakage powerand power delay product overhead are of major concern