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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 40 Documents
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The color detection of two cucumber cultivars by NIR Spectroscopy KUSUMIYATI, KUSUMIYATI; KURNIASARI, INDAH; OKTAVIA, ADE RISTI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 1 No 02 (2017)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g010202

Abstract

Kusumiyati, Kurniasari I, Oktavia AR. 2017. The color detection of two cucumber cultivars by NIR Spectroscopy. Asian J Agric 1: 59-65. The color of cucumber fruit can be estimated as fruit quality trait. Genotypes and cultivars affect the color of cucumber fruit. The estimation can be done quickly and without tissue damage by NIR Spectroscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of color quality values with NIR and conventional methods. The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University in 2013. The color components observed were L, a, b, hue and chroma. The results indicated that the predicted component of cucumber color approximates values obtained from conventional methods. Based on the data obtained, the correlation coefficient (r) of color component approaches 1.00 and the standard calibration error (SEC) is low or close to 0.00.
Traditional knowledge on the use of local food crops by Togutil Ethnic in Halmahera Island, Indonesia TAMALENE, M. NASIR
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 1 No 02 (2017)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g010203

Abstract

Tamalene MN. 2017. Traditional knowledge on the use of local food crops by Togutil Ethnic in Halmahera Island, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 1: 66-72. Food crop is an important component in the life system of Togutil ethnic group in Halmahera Island. The main characteristic of the ethnic is their nomadic life despite the existence of some sedentary groups. Generally, the ethnic consumes wild food plants growing in their natural ecosystem. This paper presents selected result of food crop studies conducted in Halmahera Island Indonesia. The botanical supply of food crops of the ethnic has high usefulness in their social and cultural activities. Data was collected through in-depth interview method to key informants chosen based on purposive sampling. Plant species was identified in the Laboratory of Herbarium Botany Bogoriense of the Biological Research Center of Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI). 48 species of 23 families of food crops are used by Togutil tribe of Halmahera Island Indonesia. The food crops identified were wild plants of 45.83% growing in bushes habitat and primary forest and cultivated crops of 56.25% planted in the garden and yard. Other uses of the food crops were as medicinal plant of 64.28%, house building of 29.17%, and handicraft and adhesive for animal of 4.17%. In the cultural aspect, food crops were used for hunting ritual, medium of exchange (barter), welcoming guest ritual and traditional ritual. The value of Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) in very high significance category was 64.58%, high significance was 27.08%, and low significance and very low significance are 4.16%.
Insecticidal selectivity of jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban) for integrated control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) SURIPTO, SURIPTO; SUKIMAN, SUKIMAN; GUNAWAN, ERIN RYANTIN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 1 No 02 (2017)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g010205

Abstract

Suripto, Sukiman, Gunawan ER. 2017. Insecticidal selectivity of jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban) for integrated control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Asian J Agric 1: 80-84. It has been known previously that leaves of the jayanti plant (Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.) containing insecticidal ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal selectivity of various extract fractions of S. sesban leaf for the integrated control of cabbage pest, the diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella). Dried leaf powders from S. sesban were extracted in stages by using hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol, and water, successively. Each of insecticidal performance of S. sesban leaf extract fractions was tested against two types of test insects, namely P. xylostella larvae as target and Diadegma semiclausum imago as non target insects according to completely randomized design in the cabbage plantation at the village of Sembalun, East Lombok, Indonesia. Each mortality data of P. xylostella larvae and D. semiclausum imago processed by probit analysis to determine the concentration of the death of 50% of test insects (LC50) of each test extract. The results showed that the LC50 of S. sesban leaf extracts classified into four fractions, namely hexane, DCM, and water extract fractions to P. xylostella larvae successively was 343.71, 294.78, 29.95, and 1197.13 ppm, and to D. semiclausum imago row was 305.5, 121.56, 37.38, and 1043.70 ppm. The results showed that the insecticidal activity of S. sesban leaf ethanol extract fraction was selective, because its selectivity value is 1.25. On the other hand each insecticidal performance of three S. sesban leaf extracts, i.e. hexane, DCM, and water extract fractions, respectively is not selective, with the selectivity values are 0.89, 0.41, and 0.87.
Determinants of rice by-products utilization as feed and their management in Ethiopia: the case of Fogera District ASMARE, BIMREW; YAYEH, ZEMENU
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 2 No 01 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g020101

Abstract

Asmare B, Yayeh Z. 2018. Determinants of rice by-products utilization as feed and their management in Ethiopia: the case of Fogera District. Asian J Agric 2: 1-7. The study was conducted with the objective to determine the status of farmers’ rice byproduct utilization as feed in Fogera district, northwestern Ethiopia. Eighty smallholder farmers were selected purposely based on livestock population and rice production access. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to select farmers systematically. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistical analysis. The result indicated that the majority of respondents in the study area were with the range from 31 to 50 years (55%). Education status of respondents showed that the majority of household heads were able to read and write (27.5%) followed by elementary school (26.25%) and high school (17.5%) completed. The main dry season feed in the majority of households (46.25%) was found to be grazing and crop residues. The majority (64.62%) of farmers used rice by-products as livestock feed, followed by both feed and house construction. Types of by-products used for animal feed by respondent’s elucidated majority (61.5%) used rice straw, considerable proportion (26.15%) rice bran and (12.30%) used both straw and bran for animal feed based on availability. The sources of rice by-products indicated for many of respondents (66.7%) was farm produced, 18.5% use purchased and 18.4% get rice by-products both from farm produced and purchasing for their animal feed. Type of animals fed rice byproducts including cattle in the case of majority of respondents (49.23%), cattle and equine, followed (24.62%), and all animals (13.85%), respectively. In livestock owners, rice by-products are fed to livestock as sole feed and mixed with other feeds, however, the majority (69.2%) of households provides sole followed by both sole and mixed with other feeds (16.9%). Many of the respondents (55%) apply drying followed by addition of salt water (22.5%) as method of improving the rice by-products. The main constraints observed in rice by-products utilization as feed were seasonal deficiency of by-products (25.5%) followed by lack of awareness (16.25%).Though these problems prevailed in the study area, rice by-products are being used as a major crop residue feed with little or no improvement applied. Generally, it can be included that rice by-products were found very important feed resources in the rice dominated farming system of Fogera district. To exploit these products properly, farmers need to be assisted through proper agricultural extension service and supply in the form of credit service. Moreover, further on detailed on-farm experimentation should be done to demonstrate better utilization of the products as livestock feed.
Genetic engineering of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) using isopentenyl transferase gene for enhanced drought tolerance NAWIRI, SYLVIA OBINDA; ODUOR, RICHARD OKOTH; JALEMBA, ALLAN MGUTU
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 1 No 02 (2017)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g010206

Abstract

Nawiri SO, Oduor RO, Jalemba AM. 2017. Genetic engineering of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) using isopentenyl transferase gene for enhanced drought tolerance. Asian J Agric 1: 85-99. Approximately 70% of yield crop reduction worldwide is caused by drought. Due to severe drought which happened many times as a result of climate change, substantial yield deprivation is usual among the major cereals such as maize, wheat, and barley.. Therefore, drought tolerant crops that still yield amidst erratic climatic phenomenon are greatly needed. Due to its capability to produce high yield in a short period, sweet potato is suitable for cultivation in regions with limited or erratic rain water supply where other food crops cannot grow easily. Nevertheless, its sensitivity to water deficit may lead to the adverse crop growth and yield. By conventional hybridization method, sweet potato is tried to be improved, but it gives unsatisfied results due to its high male sterility, sexual incompatibility and hexaploid nature of its genome.The aim of this study, therefore, is to develop new varieties of sweet potato with improved tolerance to water-deficit stress for sustainable production of sweet potato under water-limited conditions. Three sweet potato genotypes: Jewel, Kemb36, and Ksp36 were transformed using isopentenyl transferase gene (IPT) that delays drought-induced senescence via up-regulation of cytokinin biosynthesis, under the control of a waterdeficit responsive and maturation specific promoter (PSARK). The PNOV-IPT gene construct was introduced into sweet potato to evaluate their transformability and regenerability. It is done via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 and the plants subsequently regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Jewel genotype recorded the highest transformation and regeneration frequency followed by Kemb36 and KSP36. Calli were cultured on media supplemented with various mannose concentrations to evaluate the suitability of mannose as a selectable marker for sweet potato, and it was figured out that 30 g/L concentration was optimal for selection of transformed events. At the time of PCR analysis, Jewel had the highest transformation efficiency followed by Kemb36. At the time for evaluation on drought tolerance under controlled conditions, the sweet potato showed delayed senescence and greater drought tolerance under water deficit conditions in the glasshouse. These plants exhibited better growth, higher yield, higher water status maintenance, higher chlorophyll content, and thus higher photosynthetic rates under reduced water conditions in comparison to wild-type. These results, therefore, indicated that expression of isopentenyl transferase gene in sweet potato significantly improves drought tolerance. Therefore, IPT gene should be used to transform other economically important food crops to delay drought-induced senescence and enhance drought tolerance.
Biomass production of Azolla microphylla as biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system SUMOHARJO, SUMOHARJO; MA’RUF, MOHAMMAD; BUDIARTO, IRWAN
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 2 No 01 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g020103

Abstract

Sumoharjo, Ma’ruf M, Budiarto I. 2018.Biomass production of Azolla microphylla as biofilter in a recirculating aquaculture system. Asian J Agric 2: 14-19. This study utilized macrophyte (Azolla microphylla Kaulf.) as biofilter and perhaps that biomass produced in aquaculture system can be potential for alternative feed. This experiment such a first step of that vision and was aimed to determine the Azolla microphylla growth rate and its efficiency in removing ammonia from a simple recirculating aquaculture system. The experimental units were set up in three different water flow, i.e. 3 lpm, 5 lpm, and 7 lpm onto the three different geometrically baseboard of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growing tanks (prism, rectangular and limas).The result showed that water flow did not give significant effect(P < 0.10) on the growth rate of Azolla.The lower water flow (3 lpm) resulted in the highest amonia biofiltration efficiency which can remove ammonia up to 32.2±3.0% of the total NH3-N and NH4+-N (TAN).
Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management ISHAQ, LILY
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 2 No 01 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g020104

Abstract

Ishaq L. 2018. Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management.Trop Drylands 2: 20-24. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are one of key fungtional soil biota that can greatly contribute to crop productiviy and agricultural sustainability. Their presences could be influenced by soil condition such as land management, and the sporulation of the fungal forming mycorrhiza could be affected by season ie. rainy and dry season. Previously, it was found that the abundance of AM fungi was higher under maize cropping with traditional land management (no tillage, no input of agrochemicals) than that under maize copping system with more modern land management (tillage, agrochemical input), when the soils were sampled at rainy season. As the presence of AM fungi could be influenced by climate factor ie. rain/season, the present study was carried out to examine the abundance and diversity of AM fungi in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management in the dry season. At each land management system, three locations of study were purposively selected, and at each location within the cropping system, three soil samples were collected. A total of 9 soil samples representing each land management system were evaluated. The variables observed included AM fungal spore density (expressed as the number of AM fungal spores per 100 g of soil) and biodiversity of AM fungi (expressed as relative abundance of AM fungal spore). It was found that the density of AM fungal spore under maize cropping system with traditional land management was 203.55 per 100g, whereas only 84.91 spores per 100 g soil were found under maize cropping system with improved land management, supporting the previous finding. Despite only six AM fungal spores morphotypes were observed under maize plantation land of both traditional and improved land management, the abundance of the morphotype was different between the two land management systems. The study needs to be extended at a broader location and time to get more representative information on the impact of land management on the abundance of AM fungi in tropical agriculture.
Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya NJOROGE, KINYANJUI SAMUEL; NJIRU, DANIEL MUGENDI; VANLAUWE, BERNARD
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 2 No 01 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g020105

Abstract

Njoroge KS, Mugendi DN, Vanlauwe B. 2018. Effect of fertilizer-N and organic resource management on soil aggregates formation and carbon cycling in the central highlands of Kenya. Asian J Agric 2: 25-37. To inquire the way the alteration of soils of various textures and fertility values with fertilizer-N and organic resources influencing aggregate formation and subsequent carbon (C) cycling in aggregates became the objective of this research. The experiment was carried out in Embu and Machang'a regions of central Kenya and was rooted on a putrefaction tube experiment that was established in April 2005. This experiment was intended at completing long-term field experimentations initiated in 2002 to set up the impact of the application of various combinations of organic and mineral resources on soil nutrient status. The main variables were fertilizer-N and organic resources, with the sub-management being soil fertility values. Maize stover and urea fertilizer were mixed with 3.2 kg of soil and put in putrefaction tubes. The implementation rate was 4 ton and 120 kg per hectare for the maize stover and fertilizer respectively. Four management were developed, namely: control (no organic resources or fertilizer-N added), lone fertilizer-N, lone stover, and combined stover and fertilizer-N, with each management having three replicates. To decide the alterations in soil aggregates, dirt samples acquired from the putrefaction tubes were fractionated through wet sieving. SOM fractionation was also carried out to gain the various SOM fractions. All achieved aggregates and SOM fractions were then dried in the oven, ground, and analyzed for C. All collected data were examined with the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS and the means separated at p <0.05. Bigger quantity of macroaggregates from Embu soils was studied than that from Machang'a soils. For both Embu and Machang'a soil, the alteration of soils with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources had a notable impact (p <0.05) on the portions of all aggregate class sizes. The alteration of soils of various fertility values with lone or combined fertilizer-N and organic resources also had a notable impact on the allocation of SOM fractions for both Embu and Machang' soils. Remarkable discrepancies in whole soils, aggregates and SOM fractions percentage carbon values were also studied. On the whole, the silt and clay fraction had higher C values than that in other aggregate size classes representing higher stabilization of C within this fraction. From the results of this research, it is concluded that the utilization of combined organic and mineral resources is preferred for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility in high fertility soils. In low fertility coarse-textured soils, the lone implementation of organic resources is suggested for the enhancement and the preservation of soil fertility.
Review: Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression ESTIATI, AMY
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 3 No 01 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g03102

Abstract

Abstract. Estiati A. 2019. Rice momilactones, potential allelochemical for weeds suppression. Asian J Agric 3: 6-15. Weeds become one of the important biological constraint declining the productivity and quality of rice. Among the weeds, barnyardgrass is reported as the most destructive weed species. Synthetic herbicides are preferred method to control weeds. However, the excessive and continuous use of synthetic herbicides can have a negative impact on the environment, health and even the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds. Therefore, another alternative to overcome weed problems become the concern of scientists. Rice plants have been proven to be able to suppress the growth of weeds nearby by secreting secondary metabolites called allelochemicals. In this article, the achievements of research on rice allelochemicals at laboratory level will be reported. Among rice allelochemicals, momilactones are potential growth inhibitor. The biosynthetic pathway of momilactones and its coressponding genes have been extensively investigated in rice. OsCPS4, OsKSL4, CYP99A2, CYP99A3 and OsMAS are genes that co-regulated in momilactones biosynthetic pathway and production, and they form a gene cluster which is located on chromosome 4. Reverse genetic approach by inserting genes knock-out of OsCPS4 and OsKSL4 into two rice cultivars from Japonica subspecies showed that insertional mutant lines harboring cps4 or ksl4 exhibited a significant loss in inhibition potential due to the lack of momilactones production.
Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment MULYONO, NITISAPTO; MAAS, AZWAR; PURWANTO, BENITO HERU; SUDIRA, PUTU
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol 2 No 02 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity & Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g020201

Abstract

Mulyono, Maas A, Purwanto BH, Sudira P. 2018. Short Communication: Volcanic ash utilization as planting medium of curly lettuce with charcoal husk and urban waste compost as soil amendment. Asian J Agric 2: 39-43. During a volcanic eruption, volcanic ash spreads over an extensive area, causes environmental disturbances, and thus, should be disposed afar from settlements. On the other hand, volcanic ash is useful in urban areas where pot-planting is often lack soil medium. However, the utilization of volcanic ash as direct planting medium has many obstacles due to its characteristics such as the acidic, nitrogen nutrients rareness, compressed and dull to water. Hence, to be ready to use, it should be improved by using soil amendment. This study used charcoal husk combined with compost as the soil amendment. The purpose of this study was to use the volcanic ash as the planting medium, by obtaining a proper dose of volcanic ash and the soil amendments for the growth and yield of curly lettuce. The experimental design applied in this study was the complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the 5 levels of charcoal husk (on volcanic ash) doses, namely 0.30; 0.40; 0.50; 0.60; and 0.70. The second was the ratio between the media and the 3 levels of urban waste compost doses, namely: 3:1; 2:1 and 1:1, resulting in 5 x 3 total combinations with three replications. The plant growth and yield data results were analyzed by using the variance analysis and continued with Duncan Multiple tests (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The results showed that when used as the sole planting medium, the volcanic ash could not support the growth of lettuce plants. The evidence was shown from the same size and weight of the curly lettuce after the age of 35 days (5 g/plant). The utilization of husk and urban waste compost treatment showed significant growth rise. The combination of volcanic ash and soil amendments showed that the best effect on the growth and yield of curly lettuce was from M3K3 treatment at the dose of 25% volcanic ash, 25% charcoal husk and 50% urban waste compost (60 g/plant).

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