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Asian Journal of Agriculture
Published by Universitas Mulawarman
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25804537     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Aims and Scope Asian Journal of Agriculture encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant and animal yield and final products, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, fish breeding, poultry breeding, plants and animals breeding, biotechnology, molecular biology, genetic diversity and breeding, food science and technology, land resources, land use, and remote sensing, plant pathology and pest management, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, ecology and ecophysiology, physiology and nutrition, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, phytoremediation, and water management.
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Articles 55 Documents
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Short communication: Disparities in early luteal phase progesterone concentrations between repeat breeder and fertile Aceh cattle THASMI, CUT NILA; HAFIZUDDIN, UMAR PUTEH; HUSNURRIZAL, HUSNURRIZAL; SIREGAR, TONGKU NIZWAN; HERRIALFIAN, HERRIALFIAN; SUTRIANA, AMALIA; ROSMAIDAR, ROSMAIDAR; HANUM, FARAH FARIDA; GHOLIB, GHOLIB; SAYUTI, ARMAN; YUSMADI, YUSMADI; BARUS, RINA AULIA; ABDELBAGI, MOHAMMED AHMED ELSHAREF
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Thasmi CN, Hafizuddin UP, Husnurrizal, Siregar TN, Herrialfian, Sutriana A, Rosmaidar, Hanum FF, Gholib, Sayuti A, Yusmadi, Barus RA, Abdelbagi MAE. 2025. Short communication: Disparities in early luteal phase progesterone concentrations between repeat breeder and fertile Aceh cattle. Asian J Agric 9: 854-860. Repeat breeding remains a major reproductive constraint in cattle, often associated with altered luteal function and inadequate progesterone production during early estrus cycles. Understanding hormonal differences between fertile and repeat breeder cows is essential for improving reproductive efficiency in Aceh cattle (Bos indicus). This study aimed to investigate disparities in progesterone concentrations during the early luteal phase between repeat breeder and fertile Aceh cows. Six multiparous Aceh cows, aged 3-5 years and weighing 150-250 kg, were selected as study subjects. The cows were divided into two groups: repeat breeders (n=3) and fertile cows (n=3). To ensure synchronized estrus timing, all cows received 5 ml PGF2α (Enzaprost®-T, Dinoprost 5 mg) using the by double injection method. Estrus detection was performed following PGF2α injection in the morning and afternoon. Blood samples were collected on days 3 and 6 post-estrus for progesterone analysis. Progesterone concentrations were determined measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, and the data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results indicated that progesterone concentrations on days 3 and 6 were 5.68±4.98 and 6.61±3.04 ng/mL in fertile cows, whereas in repeat breeder cows, the concentrations were only 0.35±0.07 and 2.74±0.58 ng/mL, respectively. A significant difference in progesterone concentration was observed on day 3 between the two groups (p < 0.05). The conclusion indicates that repeat breeder Aceh cows exhibit lower progesterone concentrations during the early luteal phase compared to fertile cows. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of hormonal differences between the two groups, which may serve as a foundation for developing more effective and sustainable breeding strategies.
Red dragon fruit peel as a natural pigment enhancer in goldfish (Carassius auratus) DAHLIA, DAHLIA; ARDIANSYAH, ARDIANSYAH; AMRULLAH, AMRULLAH; KHATIMAH, KHUSNUL; DWINHOVEN, IFHAN; MEGA, DIAN ASRI UNGA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Dahlia, Ardiansyah, Amrullah, Khatimah K, Dwinhoven I, Mega DAU. 2025. Red dragon fruit peel as a natural pigment enhancer in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Asian J Agric 9: 777-786. Color quality enhancement is an important factor in the ornamental fish industry, particularly for goldfish (Carassius auratus), as it directly affects market value and consumer preference. The use of carotenoid-based feed additives offers a sustainable alternative for improving the visual appearance of fish. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel, which is generally discarded as agro-industrial waste, is known to contain natural carotenoids, particularly betacyanin and beta-carotene, which have potential applications in aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (RDFPE) in improving the color brightness of goldfish, along with related physiological parameters. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of five RDFPE dosage treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mL/kg of feed), each with three replicates. The measured parameters included color brightness level, total carotenoid concentration, chromatophore cell count, growth, survival rate, and water quality. The results showed that RDFPE had a significant effect (p<0.05) on color brightness level, with the optimum response observed at 150 mL/kg, followed by a decline at higher dosages. In contrast, RDFPE had no significant effect (p>0.05) on growth or survival rate. Total carotenoid concentration and chromatophore cell count were reported descriptively (mean ± SD) without statistical analysis, indicating that differences among treatments for these parameters require further confirmation. Water quality remained within the optimal range. These findings highlight the potential of RDFPE as a natural and eco-friendly feed additive for enhancing ornamental fish coloration while promoting the sustainable utilization of agro-industrial waste.
Optimizing organic waste and tillage for post-mining soil rehabilitation with response surface methodology ZAINUDIN, ZAINUDIN; ROESWITAWATI, DYAH; SUTANTO, ADI; IKHWAN, ALI; KESUMANINGWATI, RORO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Zainudin, Roeswitawati D, Sutanto A, Ikhwan A, Kesumaningwati R. 2025. Optimizing organic waste and tillage for post-mining soil rehabilitation with response surface methodology. Asian J Agric 9: 739-753. Rapid urban population growth has significantly increased Municipal Organic Waste (MOW) generation, creating ecological challenges but also opportunities for sustainable land rehabilitation. In Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, post mining degradation is a critical environmental issue that requires innovative restoration strategies. This study examined the application of MOW as a soil amendment, combined with Soil Tillage (ST), to improve chemical properties of degraded post-mining soils. A Box-Behnken design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of tillage depth (5-15 cm), Incubation Time (IT) (60-120 days) and waste dosage (20-60 t ha-1), resulting in 17 treatment combinations. The MOW included food scraps, vegetable residues, and fruit waste, excluding fish and shrimp residues. Soil analysis covered pH, Organic Carbon (OC), Total Nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, available phosphorous (P), potassium (K), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and Base Saturation (BS). The optimal condition was identified at 15 cm tillage depth, 103.48 days incubation, and 36.48 t ha-¹ waste, resulting in improvements in the characteristics of post–coal mining soil (pH: 7.43; OC: 1.26%; TN: 0.17%; C/N: 7.58; P: 36.34 ppm; K: 168.73 ppm; CEC: 15.54 me 100-¹ g; BISA: 96.61.
Effect of organic manure on growth and yield of dwarf late napiergrass on rocky marginal land WADI, AHMAD; AKHSAN, FITRIANA; BASRI, BASRI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

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Abstract

Abstract. Wadi A, Akhsan F, Basri. 2025. Effect of organic manure on growth and yield of dwarf late napiergrass on rocky marginal land. Asian J Agric 9: 727-738. The use of organic manure is a sustainable strategy to improve forage production on low-fertility soils. This study evaluated the effect of different manure application levels on the growth and yield of Dwarf Late napiergrass (DL Napiergrass) cultivated on marginal land under a cut-and-carry system. The field experiment was conducted over two years in Galung Village, Barru District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using a randomized block design with four manure treatments: control (0.00), low (1.38), medium (2.88), and high (4.67 g N m-² per application), replicated three times. Manure was applied five times annually, and growth parameters, dry matter yield, nutrient content, and soil characteristics were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT), while regression analysis assessed the relationship between Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Crop Growth Rate (CGR). Results showed that manure application significantly (P<0.05) enhanced plant height, tiller number, dry matter yield, and nutrient uptake compared with the control. The highest biomass production was obtained with high-level manure, yielding 33.98 tons/ha/year in the first year and 21.84 tons/ha/year in the second. Soil pH, nitrogen, and phosphorus also improved under manure treatments. LAI and CGR were strongly correlated, while the leaf blade-to-stem ratio remained unchanged. In conclusion, applying 4.67 g N m-² of organic manure per cycle is recommended to optimize DL Napiergrass productivity and soil fertility on marginal land, contributing to sustainable livestock feed production.
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to poultry manure rates in Maiduguri, Nigeria SADDIQ, AHMAD ABUBAKAR; MAHMUD, AISHA ABDULLAHI; LASSA, IBRAHIM ALI; BUKAR, ABDULLAHI; GUBIO, MOHAMMED TIJJANI; ABDULRAHMAN, MAHMOUD DOGARA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Saddiq AA, Mahmud AA, Lassa IA, Bukar A, Gubio MT, Abdulrahman MD. 2025. Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to poultry manure rates in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Asian J Agric 9: 800-807. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in semi-arid Nigeria is limited by poor soil fertility and high fertilizer costs. This study assessed the effects of poultry manure on wheat performance during two dry seasons (2022/2023 and 2023/2024) at the University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A randomized complete block design with three replications tested five manure rates (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 t/ha). Growth traits (plant height, tiller number, and days to heading) and yield components (spikelets per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield) were measured. Poultry manure significantly improved soil fertility and crop performance compared to the control. Grain yield rose more than six-fold, peaking at 10 t/ha (≈3.5 t/ha). However, 7.5 t/ha achieved nearly equivalent yields (≈3.2 t/ha) while delivering a more favorable cost–benefit ratio. Moderate manure rates also improved spikelet number and grain filling without nutrient imbalance observed at the highest rate. These results highlight poultry manure as a sustainable, low-cost alternative to chemical fertilizers, with 7.5 t/ha identified as the most practical rate for boosting wheat yield and profitability in semi-arid smallholder systems. In addition to yield enhancement, the study provides insight into how organic inputs can restore declining soil quality in marginal environments where resource-poor farmers struggle to afford conventional fertilizers. The observed improvements in vegetative growth and reproductive development indicate that poultry manure supplies a balanced nutrient release that supports wheat throughout its growth cycle. The two-season evaluation also demonstrates the consistency of poultry manure effects under varying dry-season conditions, confirming its reliability as an organic amendment. Overall, the findings contribute to ongoing efforts to promote climate-smart and resource-efficient agronomic practices in northern Nigeria. The recommendation of 7.5 t/ha aligns with the need for affordable strategies that enhance food security while maintaining soil health for long-term wheat production.
Food security and resilience of smallholder nature-positive farmers in Quezon, Philippines LANDICHO, LEILA D.; ABADILLOS, MARY ANNE G.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

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Abstract. Landicho LD, Abadillos MAG. 2025. Food security and resilience of smallholder nature-positive farmers in Quezon, Philippines. Asian J Agric 9: 712-726. The agriculture sector, particularly smallholder farmers, is highly vulnerable to climate and non-climate shocks, including extreme weather events, pest and disease outbreaks, and market price fluctuations. Promoting nature-positive food production, defined as the regenerative, non-depleting, and non-destructive use of natural resources, offers an important strategy to strengthen resilience and food security in farming communities. Agroforestry and organic agriculture are two farming systems that embody nature-positive principles by enhancing soil health, diversifying farm outputs, and minimizing dependence on synthetic inputs. Therefore, this study aims to assess the food security and resilience levels of smallholder farmers engaged in organic farming and agroforestry in Sariaya, Quezon, Philippines. This study assessed the food security and resilience of 159 agroforestry and 30 organic farmers in Sariaya, Quezon, Philippines, using household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Results showed that agroforestry and organic farmers achieved moderate to high levels of food security, with mean scores of 6.98 and 7.34, respectively, across the four dimensions of food availability, accessibility, stability, and utilization. However, financial and social capital remain the weakest links, limiting the overall resilience of smallholder systems. The study underscores that nature-positive approaches enhance both ecological integrity and household resilience. Strengthening institutional support, value-chain participation, and adaptive capacity can further sustain food systems under climate and economic stress.
Recovery of soil carbon pools and C–N stoichiometry under drought in degraded tin-mined soils using organic, inorganic, and bio-amendments RAHAYU, RAHAYU; ERDASWIN, FARHAN; ROSARIASTUTI, RETNO; DEWI, WIDYATMANI SIH; FATIMAH, FATIMAH; HERAWATI, AKTAVIA; ICHSAN, NURUL
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu, Erdaswin F, Rosariastuti R, Dewi WS, Fatimah, Herawati A, Ichsan N. 2025. Recovery of soil carbon pools and C–N stoichiometry under drought in degraded tin-mined soils using organic, inorganic, and bio-amendments. Asian J Agric 9: 818-830. Large-scale tin mining on Bangka Island, Indonesia, has severely degraded soils, resulting in low carbon reserves and imbalanced C–N stoichiometry, particularly under seasonal drought. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an integrated amendment strategy to restore soil carbon pools and improve C–N stoichiometry under these challenging conditions. A 100-day screenhouse experiment was conducted on degraded tin-mined soil using a Completely Randomized Design. Treatments included municipal compost, dolomite, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), and NPK fertilizer, applied individually and in combination. Key physicochemical properties, carbon pools, stoichiometric ratios, and their interrelationships were analyzed using ANOVA, Redundancy Analysis, and Pearson correlation. The integrated combination treatment was synergistically superior (ANOVA, p<0.01). The recovery of carbon pools was marked by a seven-fold surge in microbial biomass carbon to 703.73 mg kg-¹ and a near-doubling of the soil organic carbon stock to 29.21 Mg C ha-¹. The improvement in C–N stoichiometry was evidenced by the optimization of key microbial efficiency ratios, with the MBC/SOC ratio reaching 13.99% and the MBC/TN ratio increasing to 45.18%. Redundancy Analysis confirmed that compost-based treatments formed a distinct, functionally efficient group. Furthermore, Pearson correlation revealed the integrated nature of this recovery, showing a tight coupling between the accumulation of key carbon pools (SOC and MBC; r=0.909) and the enhancement of microbial C-use efficiency. In contrast, the dolomite amendment created a dysfunctional system by causing a massive accumulation of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) to 279.18 mg kg-¹ without a corresponding increase in microbial biomass. A holistic, multi-ameliorant strategy anchored by a substantial organic matter base is essential for restoring ecosystem functions. This approach provides a robust and practical framework for the sustainable land management of degraded post-tin mining landscapes, offering a viable pathway to rebuild soil health and enhance drought resilience.
Effects of fermented cow urine on the growth and quality of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) accessions from West Java, Indonesia RAHAYU, ARIFAH; ROCHMAN, NUR; NAHRAENI, WINI; YULIAWATI, YULIAWATI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu A, Rochman N, Nahraeni W, Yuliawati. 2025. Effects of fermented cow urine on the growth and quality of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) accessions from West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 831-843. This study examined the growth, yield, and nutritional quality of katuk using local germplasm and natural nitrogen sources. The objective was to evaluate the performance of ten katuk accessions from West Java, Indonesia, and to assess the potential of fermented cow urine as a supplementary nitrogen source relative to urea. A factorial completely randomized design with three replications was employed, consisting of ten accessions (Sarampad, Maleber1, Maleber2, Kadudampit1, Kadudampit2, Gegerbitung, Dramaga, Cinangneng1, Cinangneng2, and Katulampa) and six fertilizer compositions (0% cow urine + 100% Urea; 100% cow urine + 0% Urea; 75% cow urine + 25% Urea; 50% cow urine + 50% Urea; 25% cow urine +75% Urea; 0% cow urine + 0% Urea). Sarampad, Maleber1, and Maleber2 exhibited superior fresh and dry harvest weight, vitamin C, chlorophyll a and b content, while maintaining low nitrate accumulation. Plant height under 100% cow urine, shoot number and vitamin C under 25% cow urine + 75% urea, and chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll under 50% cow urine + 50% Urea were higher than under 100% Urea, with superiority values of 14.7%, 19.0%, 20.2%, 14.6%, 18.2%, and 15.9%, respectively. These findings indicate that fermented cow urine may serve as a low-cost supplementary nitrogen source for katuk; however, its use as a full replacement for synthetic nitrogen fertilizer requires further validation under field conditions.
Multi-criteria decision analysis for optimal sugarcane land allocation in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia RUSDIANA, OMO; KUSDARYANTO, SELAMET; MUTTAQIEN, WIDHYANTO; MACHFUD, MACHFUD; DJAJA, IRBA
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Rusdiana O, Kusdaryanto S, Muttaqien W, Machfud, Djaja I. 2025. Multi-criteria decision analysis for optimal sugarcane land allocation in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 689-701. Achieving sustainable sugarcane expansion requires integrating biophysical suitability with social and environmental considerations. This study applied a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to identify optimal areas for sugarcane cultivation in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. The analysis incorporates multiple criteria, including biophysical factors (climate, soil type, topography), land use policies (zoning, conservation areas), and social factors (land rights, indigenous communities' territories). Data were collected through field surveys, stakeholder interviews, and spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results indicate that approximately 80% of the study area is biophysically suitable for sugarcane cultivation. However, when considering land use policies, the available area reduces to 43.77% due to the presence of protected areas, forests, and risk-prone zones. After factoring in the rights of indigenous communities and areas of cultural significance, the land available for sugarcane cultivation shrinks further, leaving only 38.16% of the land as suitable for development. This highlights the trade-off between agricultural expansion and environmental conservation, as well as the importance of respecting indigenous land rights in land use planning. The study highlights the importance of combining geospatial analysis and stakeholder input for policymakers, land planners, and agricultural and forest developers to guide evidence-based, sustainable agricultural expansion in emerging regions.
Gender-based technical efficiency analysis of smallholder palm oil plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia SIMATUPANG, JONES; SIREGAR, M. AKBAR; SIBUEA, MHD. BUHARI
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/

Abstract

Abstract. Simatupang J, Siregar MA, Sibuea MB. 2025. Gender-based technical efficiency analysis of smallholder palm oil plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 766-776. The productivity of smallholder palm oil plantations, managed by both male and female farmers, has recently been low due to inefficient allocation of inputs. Previous efficiency literature in Indonesia has not focused on examining differences in technical efficiency between the two genders of smallholder household heads and has used parametric methods. This study examines which oil palm farming is more efficient based on gender and the determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in North Sumatra, Indonesia. North Sumatra is a key region for palm oil production in Indonesia, and understanding the efficiency of smallholder farmers in this region can provide valuable insights for the entire industry. Input-output and socio-economic data on palm oil production activities in 2023 were collected from 273 male smallholders and 177 female smallholders. We employed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess technical efficiency. We employed the Tobit model to examine the influence of socio-economic factors on the technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in the study area. We found that female smallholders are more efficient than male smallholders. However, inefficient female smallholders must reduce inputs to make their farming efficient. This study highlights the crucial role of access to credit, ICT, and farmer groups in technical efficiency. Government policies are expected to lower interest rates, simplify credit application requirements, develop extensive ICT infrastructure in smallholder plantations, and assist with access to capital and information dissemination within farmer groups. Government intervention is expected to improve the technical efficiency and economic sustainability of smallholder oil palm plantations in North Sumatra.

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