International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes material on all aspects of public health science. This IJPHS provides the ideal platform for the discussion of more sophisticated public health research and practice for authors and readers world wide. The priorities are originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science that covers (but not limited) to epidemiology, biostatistics, nutrition, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child health, adolescent health, behavioral medicine, rural health, chronic diseases, health promotion, evaluation and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics, occupational health and environmental health.
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<![CDATA[Trend analysis of teenage pregnancy in Nigeria (1961-2013): how effective is the contraceptive use campaign ]]>
<![CDATA[Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe]]>;
<![CDATA[Rotimi F. Afolabi]]>;
<![CDATA[Oyindamola B. Yusuf]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.16429
<![CDATA[Teenage pregnancy (TP) is a recurrent global and public health problem. It poses both social and health challenges. Considering the massive campaign on the use of modern contraceptives to prevent TP in recent decades, we assessed trends in TP in Nigeria between 1961 and 2013. Pregnancy and contraception history of 70,811 women who were at least 20 years old when the Nigerian DHS was conducted in 1990, 2003, 2008, and 2013 respectively were used for the study, and descriptive statistics, time analysis techniques and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data at 5% significance level. The overall prevalence of TP between 1961 and 2013 was 49.5% which fluctuated insignificantly during the studied period. The TP prevalence among women who entered adulthood in 1961 was 39.2%; it peaked in 1978 at 58.9% before its unsteady decline to 39.6% in 2012, and then rose sharply to 55.6% in 2013. We predicted TP prevalence as 49.0%, 49.9% and 51.0% in 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. The odds of TP were over 4 times higher in the North East and 5 times higher in the North West than in the South West. Teenagers with no education had higher odds of TP and it was higher among teenagers from the poorest households (OR=5.64, 95% CI: 5.36-5.94). Rather than reducing with the worldwide acknowledged increase in contraceptive campaigns, TP increased over the years studied. As far as TP is concerned in Nigeria, the impact of the campaign on MC use is far from being effective. To achieve the objective of fewer TPs, fewer resources should be spent on access to contraception and instead diverted to areas more likely to achieve results such as improvements in educational achievement amongst girls.]]>
<![CDATA[Integrating palliative care and hospice services in long term care: an eightfold path health policy analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Amil Kusain Tan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.20061
<![CDATA[It is evident in the literature that as near end of life approaches, health expenditure increases. The rehospitalization and underutilization of palliative and hospice services add to the burgeoning health cost. There is a lack of support for patients with advanced illness in long-term care facilities. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the problem and assess alternatives to reduce readmission among patients with advanced disease and those who are at the end of life. This paper adapted Bardach’s Eightfold Path analysis as a guide to analyzing the problem using a case study approach. The article discussed the issues, reviewed the literature for evidence, provided the alternatives, identified criteria, evaluated projected outcomes, discussed the trade-offs of adopting the policy, and provided a recommendation. In conclusion, integration of palliative and hospice care services across the continuum of long-term care is a viable alternative policy to address the problem.]]>
<![CDATA[Determinants of food safety practices among food handlers in selected food establishments ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdu Oumer]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18364
<![CDATA[Despite great efforts against foodborne diseases, the occurrence of these problems remains a significant health issue in both developed and developing countries. This study was to assess determinants of food safety practice among food handlers in selected food establishments in Dire Dawa City administration, in 2017. Cross sectional survey was conducted among 356 food handlers from the selected food establishments in different categories. The CODEX food safety questionnaire was used to assess food safety knowledge (23 questions), attitude (six questions) and practice using interview and observation checklists (15 points). Satisfactory practice was defined as those who practice 70% of food safety measures correctly. Frequency, percentage, mean, binary logistic regression with a crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval were calculated. Out of the total study subjects, 354 food handlers participated in this study with 99.4% response rate. A total of 191 food handlers, 54.0% were female with overall mean age of 29.5 years. About 129 (36.4%), 194 (54.8%) and 106 (29.9%) had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and satisfactory food safety practice. Having food safety training (AOR= 2.0), with adequate knowledge (AOR = 2.83), positive attitude (AOR= 2.09), presence of food safety guideline (AOR = 2.23) and supervision (AOR= 2.07) were significant predictors of satisfactory food safety practices. In general food safety/hygienic practices of food handlers was found to be low. Having adequate knowledge, positive attitude, presence of food safety guideline and formal food safety training were significant predictors of food safety practices among food handlers.]]>
<![CDATA[Black cumin seed oil increase leucocyte and CD4Thelper number in sprague-dawley rats induced with dimethylbenzanthracene ]]>
<![CDATA[Titiek Hidayati]]>;
<![CDATA[Akrom Akrom]]>;
<![CDATA[Indrayanti Indrayanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Sagiran Sagiran]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.17930
<![CDATA[Cigarette smoke contains 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Metabolic of DMBA is immunosuppressive. Black cumin seed oil (BCSO) is an immunomodulation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BCSO on leukocyte, CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg in Sprague-Dawley (SD) mice induced with DMBA. The 96 SD rats were divided into 8 groups of 12. Group I received aquabidest and standard feeding. Groups II, III and IV received BCSO (an equivalent of 6.8, 68 and 136 mg/kg BW / day thymoquinone, respectively). Group V received thymoquinone (50 mg / kg BW / day) and group VI received tamoxifen (60 mg / kg BW). Group VII (DMBA) was induced with DMBA (10x20mg / kg BW for 5 weeks). Group VIII received standard feeding and corn oil treatment. In the third week, all groups began to be induced with DMBA (20 mg/kg BW twice per week for five weeks). Data collection of leukocytes, CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg was performed at week 27th. The mean difference of CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg counts between groups was calculated with one way ANOVA. Results: The administration of BCSO, thymoquinone, and tamoxifen had increased leukocytes and CD4 Th cell count. The CD4Th cell count of the treatment groups was higher than that of the DMBA group (p <0.05). BCSO equivalent doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/kg BW / day thymoquinone showed immunoprotective effects. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the BCSO administration at doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/kg BW / day shows immunoprotective effects due to DMBA induction.]]>
<![CDATA[A literature review of complementary and alternative medicine used among diabetes mellitus patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Anita Joeliantina]]>;
<![CDATA[Oedojo Soedirham]]>;
<![CDATA[Mangestuti Agil]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Bagus Qomaruddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusnanto Kusnanto]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.16537
<![CDATA[Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires regular and sustainable health management that involves proper treatment. Some diabetic patients use CAM, as well as conventional medicine, to maintain their health and control their blood sugar. This literature review aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of CAM used by patients with diabetes, summarize and evaluate the CAM use that includes: characteristics, patterns, types and reasons, 2) propose a conceptual model associated with CAM used by patients with diabetes. Systematic reviews were searched using an electronic database. The systematic reviews were published between 2005 and 2015 by using specific keywords. The number of systematic reviews obtained as a search result is 14 articles from 14 countries. The prevalence of CAM used by patients with diabetes ranged from 16.6% to 76%. Determinants associated with the CAM use were age, gender, family income, occupation, residence, and the characteristics of the disease, such as the length of time since diagnosed and complications. Most patients used CAM, along with the conventional treatment, and did not inform health professionals about the CAM use. The CAM use by patients with diabetes was relatively high and the confidence of patients believed the benefits of CAM. Therefore, integration with health professionals to develop CAM management is highly required.]]>
<![CDATA[Determinants of dietary adequacy among school age children in Guraghe Zone, Southern Ethiopia ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdu Oumer Abdu]]>;
<![CDATA[Berhanu Abebaw Mekonnen]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18365
<![CDATA[Dietary diversity (DD) is a validated proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among different age groups including infants, children and women. This study assessed level of dietary adequacy and its associated factors among school age children in Guraghe Zone, Ethiopia. Survey was conducted among 769 children aged 6 to 12 years of with their care givers using multistage sampling method. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire containing the ten food groups for minimum dietary diversity for women and other parts. Adequate dietary diversity was categorized those children who consume at least five food groups. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression with odds ratios (95% CI) was computed. Overall 769 children were included in the study, with a mean age of 8 years. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.9 (±1.42). About 444 (58.3%) had an inadequate dietary diversity. Those children from extended family size had 1.3 times to have inadequate DD level (AOR=1.3). Children from female headed households, did not attend formal education had 1.3 and 1.4 times higher odds of having an inadequate DD level (AOR=1.3 and 1.4). Similarly, children living with uneducated caregiver had six fold more likely to have an adequate DD level (AOR=6.7). The dietary diversity of children in the study area was below average. Household head, caregiver’s educational status, occupation of the household head, father/female headed household and family size were found to be associated with DD score. There should be awareness creation through existing Health extension platform and back yard vegetation should be improved.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of blood pressure and blood glucose level among elderly with non-communicable disease ]]>
<![CDATA[Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Jintana Artsanthia]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.16098
<![CDATA[Due to increasing age, elderly are prone to non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Easy physical condition monitoring of people with HT and/or DM is by measuring their blood pressure (BP) and/or blood glucose level (BGL) periodically. This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences of BP and BGL among elderly with HT and/or DM in Bangkok and Surabaya. This cross-sectional study involved 100 and 96 elderly with HT and/or DM in communities of Bangkok and Surabaya respectively (n=196). There were three groups of samples which consisted of 60 DM, 68 HT, and 68 DM&HT cases. Instruments used were demography questionnaire, sphygmomanometer, and glucometer. Test of one-way ANOVA, Least Significant Difference (LSD), Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U were used for data analysis (α<.05). There was a significant difference of systolic and diastolic BP found between groups (p=.000 and p=.011 respectively), but no difference found between the groups of HT and DM&HT (p=.657 and p=.330 respectively). There was a significant difference of BGL found between groups (p=.002), but no difference found between the groups of HT and DM (p=.075) and between the groups of DM and DM&HT (p=.066). BP is significantly different between the group of HT and DM in term of systole and diastole, especially in elderly, but BGL is similar. The risk of being HT for elderly with DM is very high. Elderly with DM&HT have high BP and BGL similarly to those with single disease of HT or DM. ]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of hypospadias patients with undescended testis ]]>
<![CDATA[Abrar Arbhiwa Tanguirsyaf Siregar]]>;
<![CDATA[Shalita Dastamuar]]>;
<![CDATA[Theodorus Theodorus]]>;
<![CDATA[Marta Hendry]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.19149
<![CDATA[Hypospadias is an anomaly of meatus urethra externus on ventral penis. It caused by incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypospadias with undescended testis in the Department of Surgery Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang Indonesia. A prevalence study was done in the Medical Records Department of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from July 2018 to February of 2019. 103 patients met study inclusion criteria. Univariate analysis of the patients’ data was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The study found that hypospadias was most common in the age group of 1 to 5 years old (49.5%) and the most common type of hypospadias was severe hypospadias (68.9%). Furthermore, 7 out of 103 patients (6.8%) were hypospadias patients with undescended testis and the most common types of undescended testis among them were bilateral undescended testis and left undescended testis with 3 patients each (42,85%). Prevalence of hypospadias with undescended testis were 7 people (6,8%).]]>
<![CDATA[Nurses’ knowledge towards severe acute malnutrition management protocol and its associated factors ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdu Oumer]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.19191
<![CDATA[For appropriate management of severe acute malnutrition skilled, knowledgeable and concerned health professionals are critical for child survival. Thus assessing the knowledge of nurses towards management protocol of severe acute malnutrition is crucial step for targeted interventions. This study aimed to assess Knowledge towards Severe Acute Malnutrition Management Protocol and its Associated Factors among Nurses working in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, 2018. Cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible 132 nurses. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire prepared from the national SAM management guideline of Ethiopia. SPSS version 20.0 software using frequency, tables, graphs, percentages and mean was used. Student t test and analysis of variance with F statistics and P value was computed. Overall, 65 (49.2%) of nurses had poor knowledge on SAM management. More than half, 100 (75.8%) of the nurses had experience in SAM management previously. Males were more likely to be knowledgeable (AOR=1.27) as compared to females. Nurses with the previous experience of managing malnourished child had 1.70) times more likely to be knowledgeable as compared to their counterparts. Having SAM training was associated with having higher knowledge score (AOR=1.56). Having SAM training was found to have significantly higher knowledge score (p=0.034). Knowledge level of nurses towards SAM management is not satisfactory. Those who ever involved in SAM management, having recent malnutrition training and gender were predictors of high knowledge score. There should be regular capacity building schemes for nurses especially for those who are involved in management of SAM at emergency or SAM unit.]]>
<![CDATA[Bio-physicochemical markers of the Aedes aegypti breeding water in endemic and non-endemic area ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Hidayah]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Rahmawati]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.18883
<![CDATA[The survival of Aedes aegypti larvae is inseparable from the adequacy of food, including organic substances available in the breeding water. It is very dependent on the level of water markers such as temperature, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, and pH. The study used quantitative observational analytic with a case-control study design. Case group has consisted of breeding water in endemic area and control group was in non-endemic area. The sample size was 43 samples for each group, collected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. Larvae mostly presence in endemic area (68.3%) and mostly absent in non-endemic area (85.4%) (p-value = 0.002). Temperature in endemic area mostly in 27-30oC (86%) and non-endemic area mostly in <27oC or >30oC (72.1%) (p-value = 0.000). Salinity in endemic and non-endemic areas has no difference (p-value = 0.266). DO in endemic areas were mostly in 5.02-7.82 mg/l (76.7%). While DO in non-endemic area was mostly in <5.02 mg/l or >7.82 mg/l (95.3%) (p-value = 0.001). The pH <6 or >7.8 is mostly in non-endemic areas (87.8%) and pH 6-7.8 is mostly in endemic areas (63.4%) (p-value = 0.000). Bio-physicochemical markers of breeding sites water have differences between endemic and non-endemic area except salinity. The temperature, salinity, DO, and pH affected the presence of larvae and the most affected is DO marker. While the marker that affected the presence of larvae in the non-endemic area is pH.]]>
