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Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
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Articles 526 Documents
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The Relationship Between Mothers' Anxiety Levels and Hb-0 Vaccination among Infants in Kota Datar Village Yulia Safitri; Nurhaida Br Kaban; Nopita Yanti Sitorus; Pratiwi Syah Putri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26911

Abstract

 Timely administration of the hepatitis B vaccine at birth (HB-0) is crucial to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the hepatitis B virus. However, HB-0 vaccination coverage, both globally and locally, remains below the desired level. Maternal concerns have been suggested as a potential barrier to newborn vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and the use of HB-0 vaccination in infants in Kota Datar Village, located in Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang. In January and February 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted involving all mothers with infants aged 0–7 days (n = 35). Maternal anxiety was measured using the 20-item Zung Anxiety Scale. HB-0 vaccine acceptance was documented based on maternal statements and local government records. Chi-square analysis was used to test the relationship, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The group of 35 participants consisted mostly of people aged 20–35 years, and all had completed high school education. HB-0 was administered to 37.1% of infants (13 of 35). Conversely, 62.9% (22 of 35) did not receive HB-0 within the specified birth period. Maternal anxiety was a common problem, affecting 25 of 35 women. Mothers with severe anxiety were significantly less likely to administer HB-0 than those with mild anxiety (χ², p = 0.002). Survey responses, which included quantitative data, showed that safety concerns, fear of fever after vaccination, and misinformation were common reasons for concern. In this group, a significant association was found between maternal anxiety and reduced HB-0 acceptance. To improve the timely immunization of newborns against hepatitis B, it is recommended to use interventions that include prenatal counseling, focused information about risks, and increased involvement of frontline health workers. Future research should investigate the extent to which interventions to reduce anxiety affect vaccine acceptance. Keywords:  Hepatitis B Birth Dose, HB-0 Immunization, Maternal Anxiety, Vaccine Uptake, Newborn Immunization.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SCORING SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME EVENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW Ihsan Angga Anjarwadi; Azizah Khoiriyati; Erna Rochmawati
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.28693

Abstract

Clinical scoring systems are widely used to support early risk stratification and clinical decision-making in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the characteristics, development processes, and clinical applications of these scoring systems remain dispersed across the literature. This scoping review aims to map and synthesize the available evidence on scoring systems used to assess or predict ACS events in hospital settings. A scoping review methodology was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Emerald. The search terms included “acute coronary syndrome,” “scoring system,” OR “score predictor,” and “in hospital.” Of 1,961 identified records, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening. Data were extracted using a charting approach to summarize study characteristics, scoring system variables, and reported outcomes. The review identified eleven ACS scoring systems, including widely used models such as GRACE, TIMI, and HEART. These scoring tools primarily incorporate clinical indicators such as age, systolic blood pressure, electrocardiogram findings, cardiac biomarkers, and cardiovascular risk factors. The results indicate that ACS scoring systems can be broadly categorized according to their clinical objectives, including diagnostic risk assessment, prognostic prediction, and early risk stratification in emergency settings. This review highlights the variability of predictive models across different clinical contexts and emphasizes the importance of selecting practical scoring systems that rely on readily available clinical indicators. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of existing ACS scoring systems and offer a conceptual framework that may help clinicians select appropriate risk assessment tools and guide future research on the development of simplified prediction models.  Keywords: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Risk Score, Clinical Prediction Model, Risk Stratification
Product Evaluation of the Implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program for Elementary School Students in Demak Regency: A Qualitative Approach Musdalifah Nor Amini; Ayun Sriatmi; Apoina Kartini
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27523

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal Program is a national initiative aimed at improving the nutritional intake of school-aged children to support optimal growth and academic achievement. This study aims to evaluate the product component of the Free Nutritious Meal Program implementation in Demak Regency using the CIPP evaluation model. A descriptive qualitative design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations conducted in two beneficiary elementary schools and the Nutrition Fulfillment Service Unit (SPPG) responsible for food distribution. Seven informants were involved, consisting of one SPPI representative, four elementary school students as program beneficiaries, and two teachers as triangulation informants, selected using purposive sampling based on direct involvement in program implementation. The product evaluation indicators included menu diversity, food acceptance, and food freshness (edibility). Observations focused on students’ food consumption behavior, particularly whether meals were finished or left uneaten. The findings revealed limited menu diversity, especially in vegetable variation and cooking methods, with menu repetition occurring approximately once a week. In terms of food acceptance, students tended to prefer savory and familiar local dishes, while certain menus were less favored. Regarding food freshness, meals were generally safe to consume, but their visual appearance was perceived as less fresh and less appealing at the time of serving. These findings indicate the need to improve menu variation, sensory quality, and food presentation. Strengthening menu planning and quality control in accordance with national nutrition guidelines is recommended to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of the program Keywords: Free nutritious meal program, product evaluation, CIPP model, elementary school, Demak Regency
Analysis of the Implementation and Follow-Up Recommendations of Neonatal Maternal and Perinatal Audit Surveillance and Response (MPASR) Sulicha Nurhayati; Martha Irene Kartasurya; Cahya Tri Purnami
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.28345

Abstract

Neonatal mortality remains a critical barrier to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in District X, where deaths during the first 0–6 days of life are rising. This study explores the implementation of the Maternal Perinatal Audit Surveillance and Response (MPASR) policy at the hospital level and evaluates the extent to which its recommendations are followed to reduce preventable neonatal deaths. A descriptive qualitative case study was conducted in two referral hospitals (one public and one private) in District X. Twelve purposively selected informants directly involved in neonatal MPASR implementation participated in in-depth interviews. Data were triangulated through direct observation and document review, including perinatal medical records, neonatal mortality reports, MPASR policy documents, meeting minutes, and MPASR notification data. Thematic analysis was guided by the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation framework to identify factors influencing performance. Findings indicate that neonatal MPASR has been implemented in line with national guidelines, and all procedural stages (identification, reporting, audit, and response) are formally conducted. However, implementation remains inconsistent and unsustained. Gaps were observed in SOP adherence, human resource capacity, training continuity, and structured monitoring of recommendation follow-up. Communication across organizations is not standardized and often depends on key individuals. High clinical workload, limited financing, systemic constraints within the MPASR system, and administrative requirements of National Health Insurance contribute to reporting delays and weak execution of corrective actions. Although MPASR functions as a surveillance and audit mechanism, systemic weaknesses in follow-up and monitoring limit its effectiveness as an integrated quality improvement system, undermining its potential to reduce neonatal mortality and advance SDG targets. Strengthening integration with hospital quality systems, digitalizing reporting processes, establishing structured monitoring mechanisms, and reinforcing managerial and policy support are essential to optimize impact Keywords: MPASR, neonatal mortality, policy implementation
Challenges And Solutions of Healthcare Workers In Providing Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) Patient Services In The Digital Era at Royal Prima Marelan Hospital Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution; Monisa Olivia Zulri; May Raflin Br.Sinaga; Ermi Girsang
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26647

Abstract

Indonesia’s national health insurance program,  administered by the Social Security Administering Body for Health (BPJS Kesehatan),  faces mounting  challenges in the digital era, including rising workloads, system disruptions, and limited dissemination of policy updates. At Royal Prima Marelan Hospital, these issues affect service efficiency and patient satisfaction. This study examines the challenges and adaptive strategies of healthcare workers in delivering BPJS services within a digital healthcare environment. A qualitative case study was conducted at Royal Prima Marelan Hospital, Medan, from January to November 2025. Participants included nine purposively selected informants, six primary healthcare workers, and three triangulation informants from hospital management and administrative units. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document review, and analyzed descriptively using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.  Despite the use of digital systems such as  VClaim, INA-CBGs, and SIMRS, healthcare workers encountered persistent barriers, including unstable internet connections, limited infrastructure, and insufficient digital skills. These challenges increase administrative workload, delay services, reduce efficiency, and lower staff motivation. Adaptive responses included internal digital training, manual backup documentation, and gradual improvements to systems and networks. Digital transformation has not fully alleviated workload pressures due to infrastructural and competency gaps. Strengthening digital infrastructure, enhancing interoperability, and providing continuous digital training are essential for sustainable BPJS service delivery. Future research should explore innovations such as AI-based claim management and automated audit systems.Keywords: Challenges, Healthcare Worker Adaptation, BPJS Kesehatan Services, Digital Transformation.
Therapeutic Potential of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Cancer: A Systematic Review of Human Cancer Denny Satria Utama; Krisna Murti; Irfanuddin Irfanuddin
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26945

Abstract

In an effort to prevent and manage various types of cancer, the following study seeks to synthesize the results of various clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of the use of epigallocatechin 3-gallate. The systematic review method was employed in the following study as an effort to review the results of various clinical trials on the therapeutic response and safety of the use of EGCG in cancer patients, strictly following the PRISMA 2020 criteria. From the results of the search in the five online databases, a total of 293 articles were identified, from which seven clinical trials published between 2014 and 2024 were identified. The results of the clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of the use of EGCG in cancer patients showed that EGCG has the potential to reduce the levels of PSA in various groups of patients with prostate cancer, as well as reduce the occurrence of acute radiation esophagitis in patients with advanced lung cancer, although the results were not statistically significant. Although EGCG has an excellent safety profile with no serious side effects reported, its definitive therapeutic efficacy remains unclear, necessitating randomized controlled clinical trials to clarify its clinical relevance and health implications. Keywords: Cancer, Clinical Trial, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), Public Health, Systematic Review.
Relationship Between Host Factors and the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients at Dr. Pirngadi Medan General Hospital Ali Napiah Nasution; Novianti Nasution; Yolanda Eliza Putra Lubis
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26444

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS. While CD4 count is a standard clinical indicator, inexpensive hematological indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) have been proposed as practical markers of immune status. This study examined the association between host factors (sociodemographics, CD4 count, and clinical stage) and hematological indices (NLR, MLR, and SII) with pulmonary TB among HIV/AIDS patients at Dr. Pirngadi Medan General Hospital. An analytical cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach was applied using secondary data from medical records of patients registered between 2022 and 2024. A total of 94 eligible patients were included through total sampling, and data were analyzed using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). The pulmonary TB was identified in 43.6% of patients. CD4 count showed a significant association with TB occurrence (p = 0.03), with cases more frequent among patients with CD4 <200 cells/mm³. No significant associations were observed for age, sex, employment, marital status, clinical stage, or hematological indices (NLR, MLR, and SII) (p > 0.05).  Thus, CD4 count remains the key predictor of pulmonary TB risk, underscoring the importance of intensified TB screening in individuals with advanced immunosuppression. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the potential role of hematological indices in TB-HIV coinfection. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, CD4 Count, NLR, MLR, SII.
Heal Me UMP: A Smartphone-Based Mental Health Screening Application for Nursing Students Samudra Prihatin Hendra Basuki; Dedy Purwito; Vivi Leona Amelia; Asiandi Asiandi; Gilang Miftakhul Fahmi
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26747

Abstract

Mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, significantly affect university students’ academic engagement, particularly among health science students who face demanding academic and clinical workloads. In Indonesia, screening practices remain largely manual, limiting efficiency and timely intervention. This study developed a smartphone-based mental health screening application for nursing students using a Research and Development design with the Four-D model. The resulting Android application, Heal Me UMP, was tested among 129 fifth-semester nursing students. The app offers mental health screening, personalized activity recommendations, and daily reminders. User evaluations demonstrated strong acceptance in terms of usability, usefulness, and system quality (74.5%–78.5%). Content validity was excellent (S-CVI = 1.00), and reliability testing indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). These findings suggest that  Heal Me UMP is a feasible, acceptable, and reliable digital tool for early detection of mental health problems among nursing students Keywords: Digital mental health screening, smartphone application, mobile screening,  nursing students, Indonesia
Environmental Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Tanjung Morawa, Indonesia Desy Ari Apsari; Deli Syaputri; Samuel Marganda H Manalu; Susanti Br Perangin-angin
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26118

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major public health issue, particularly in regions with poor living conditions that facilitate transmission. Understanding the interplay between environmental risk factors and spatial distribution is essential for designing effective interventions. This study examined environmental determinants and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis cases within the Tanjung Morawa Health Center area, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia. Using an observational analytic case-control design, 160 respondents (80 cases and 80 controls) were selected through simple random sampling. Environmental data, including ventilation, humidity, lighting, residential density, floor condition, and wall condition, were collected through systematic observation and direct measurement. Statistical analyses employed Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression, whilespatial analysis utilized Geographic Information System (GIS) methods, including Average Nearest Neighbor, overlay, and buffer analyses. Results revealed that household humidity was the strongest predictor of pulmonary tuberculosis (OR=44.33), followed by inadequate lighting and poor floor conditions. Ventilation, wall quality, and residential density showed no significant associations. Spatial analysis demonstrated a clustered distribution pattern, indicating localized transmission in high-risk areas. These findings highlight the critical role of housing quality in tuberculosis transmission.  Targeted interventions focusing on humidity control, housing improvements, and environmental health promotion are recommended to reduce disease burden in identified clusters Keywords: Tuberculosis, Spatial Distribution Pattern, Environmental Risk Factors, Housing Quality
Ischemic (Low-Flow) Priapism Managed by Al-Ghorab Distal Corporoglanular Shunt - A Case Report Muhammad Mahmud Ridho; Raden Danarto
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Contagion
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i2.27968

Abstract

Priapism is a rare urological condition characterized by a persistent penile erection unrelated to sexual stimulation, most commonly affecting adults, while in children it is frequently associated with sickle cell anemia or trauma. The Al-Ghorab shunt is an open distal shunt technique that may be utilized as a first-line surgical intervention. We report the case of a 58-year-old male who presented with a one-month history of painful persistent erection, with no history of sexual stimulation, medication use, or genital and perineal trauma. Based on clinical evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with ischemic (low-flow) priapism and was scheduled for open distal shunting using the Al-Ghorab (corporoglandular) shunt technique. The operative duration was 120 minutes, and the patient was managed postoperatively in a non-intensive care ward without complications, with an Erection Hardness Score (EHS) of 1. The patient was discharged on postoperative day five and returned for follow-up on postoperative day twelve, at which time the surgical wounds on the glans and ventral penis were noted to be dry, indicating that although surgical preference may vary among surgeons, the Al-Ghorab shunt can be considered as a first- or second-line option following percutaneous distal shunting based on its success rate and side-effect profile. Keywords: Ischemic Priapism, Low-Flow Priapism, Al-Ghorab Shunt, Distal  Corporoglanular Shunt.

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