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Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
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Articles 518 Documents
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Improving Environmental Health Awareness through the PHAST Method for Household Sanitation Intervention in the Belawan Coastal Region Evi Naria; Indra Chahaya; Rusmalawaty Rusmalawaty; Diza Fathamira Hamzah; Anggraini Anggraini; Tamia Sakinah Adjani
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26695

Abstract

Coastal areas are often faced with complex public health challenges due to environmental vulnerability and limited access to sanitation facilities. Poor sanitation contributes to a high prevalence of environment-related diseases such as diarrhea and malnutrition among children under five. This quasi-experimental study included 30 households with toddlers in Medan Belawan, Medan City. The Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) method was implemented to empower families in managing sanitation and hygiene practices. Data were collected through observation and assessment of household sanitation conditions before and after the intervention. Analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test at a 95% confidence interval due to non-normal data distribution. The results showed a significant improvement in household sanitation scores after the PHAST intervention (Z = -3.905; p < 0.05). Approximately 63.3% of households had increased scores, particularly in handwashing at critical times, waste management, as well as water and food storage practices, signifying a meaningful magnitude of behavioral change. However, this study was limited by its small sample size, absence of a control group, and short observation period, which hindered causal inference and generalizability. Despite the limitations, the evidences suggest that PHAST is a promising method for improving household sanitation management and hygiene behavior in coastal settings. Future studies with larger samples and controlled designs are recommended to assess sustainability and long-term health outcomes Keywords: Household Sanitation, Environmental Diseases, Coastal Area, PHAST
Association between Patient Characteristics and HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Nur Nunu Prihantini; Sharon Keinaa Ampang; Tiroy Sari B. Simanjuntak; Patar Hutagalung
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26464

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)  is a growing health challenge, with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 2021–2023 reporting rising prevalence worldwide, including in Indonesia. Glycemic control in T2DM is commonly assessed using HbA1c levels, which reflect average blood glucose levels over the preceding 2–3 months and serve as a key indicator of treatment effectiveness. This study investigated the association between demographic characteristics (age, gender, and occupation) and HbA1c levels among patients with T2DM at Port Medical Center Hospital from 2021 to 2023. Using a cross-sectional design, secondary data were collected from the medical records of 75 eligible patients. All records meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Age, gender, and occupation were treated as independent variables, while  HbA1c level was the dependent variable. Associations were tested using  Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results showed no significant association between gender and  HbA1c (p = 0.851; OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.34-2.70). However, older age was strongly linked to poor glycemic control (p = 0.010; OR = 11.0, 95% CI: 1.27–95.4), and certain occupations were associated with elevated HbA1c levels (p = 0.024; OR = 9.21, 95% CI: 1.71–49.6). These findings suggest that age-related metabolic changes and occupational factors such as physical inactivity and work-related stress may contribute to inadequate glycemic control. In conclusion, age and occupation were significantly associated with HbA1c levels, while gender was not. Targeted interventions focusing on older adults and individuals with sedentary occupations are recommended, including lifestyle modification, patient education, and routine HbA1c monitoring to improve glycemic outcomes.Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Level Age, Occupation.
An Aggressive Management Strategies for Acute Kidney Transplant Rejection: An Indonesian Tertiary Center Experience Yudriawan Annas; Trisula Utomo; Tanaya Ghinorawa
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.28176

Abstract

Acute kidney transplant rejection remains a major cause of early graft malfunction worldwide especially in low- and middle-income countries where diagnostic and treatment resources are limited. Global data indicate that 10–20% of recipients experience acute rejection within the first year, with higher rates reported in developing regions. This study examined the clinical attributes and outcomes of intensive therapy approaches for acute graft malfunction at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A retrospective case series included four adult kidney transplant recipients who developed acute graft malfunction within 30 days of transplantation (2024 - 2025), defined as a >25% rise in serum creatinine and/or oliguria. Demographic data, Doppler ultrasound resistive index (RI), immunosuppressive therapy, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and short-term outcomes were analyzed descriptively. The study comprised three males and one female (aged 23 – 54 years old). All patients showed elevated RI (>0.75). TPE was performed in three cases (75%), resulting in two full recoveries, one partial recovery, and one persistent dysfunction due to combined immunological and surgical complications. Higher RI values were associated with more intensive treatment. These findings suggest that personalized aggressive therapies, such as TPE and intravenous immunoglobulin, may serve as viable salvage options for severe early graft malfunction. In resource-limited settings, Doppler ultrasound provides valuable non-invasive support when biopsy is unvailable. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and generalizability. Keywords: Kidney Transplantation, Acute Rejection, Therapeutic Plasma Exchange, Doppler Ultrasound, Immunosuppression.
Acceptability and Nutritional Profile of Pigeon Pea Snack Bars for Adolescents Sri Purnaningsih; Zidni Ilma Nafi’a; Alfan Ridha
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26982

Abstract

Adolescents commonly exhibit unhealthy snacking behaviors characterized by high-energy and low-fiber food consumption, contributing to various nutritional problems such as obesity and micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and nutritional composition of a pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)–based snack bar developed as a high-fiber alternative snack for adolescents. A Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) was employed. Product acceptability was assessed through a hedonic test involving 80 untrained adolescent panelists using a 5-point scale (1 = strongly dislike to 5 = strongly like). Sensory attributes evaluated included color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance. Proximate composition and dietary fiber were analyzed according to AOAC standard methods. Energy values were calculated using Atwater conversion factors. Differences between the developed product and the control snack bar were analyzed using independent sample t-tests (p < 0.05). The developed pigeon pea snack bar demonstrated significantly higher acceptance scores than the control product across all sensory attributes (p < 0.05), with a mean overall liking score of 4.7 ± 0.41. Per 30 g serving, the snack bar contained 4.2 g protein, 4.2 g fat, 15.4 g carbohydrates, and 5 g dietary fiber and provided 134.1 kcal of energy. Approximately 83% of panelists rated the product ≥4, indicating high consumer acceptance. In conclusion, pigeon pea–based snack bars are highly acceptable and nutritionally dense, suggesting strong potential as a locally sourced, high-fiber snack alternative for adolescents. Keywords: Pigeon Pea, Sensory Evaluation, Proximate Analysis, Product Development, Adolescent Nutrition.
Determinants of Prolanis Utilization in Diabetes Mellitus Patients as a Chronic Disease Management Program Shofiyana Shofiyana; Sutopo Patria Jati; Farid Agushybana
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27218

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a global public health problem due to its complications and associated mortality. Diabetes management has been legalized in Indonesia under the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis), with BPJS Kesehatan as the coordinating entity. Despite the availability of Prolanis, participation appears to be limited, and patient interest varies significantly. This study aimed to identify the determinants influencing Prolanis consumption among diabetes mellitus patients. This study utilized an analytical observational methodology with a cross-sectional design, focusing on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) enrolled in the Prolanis program at various Primary Health Care Facilities (FKTP) in Demak Regency. The research encompassed 120 participants chosen via proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire that had been subjected to validity and reliability assessments. The independent variables were categorized into high and low groups based on the median value of each variable. The utilization of the Prolanis program was characterized by the consistent engagement of patients in scheduled program activities during the past three months. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests to assess bivariate relationships, and multivariable logistic regression to determine characteristics that independently affected program utilization. The bivariate analysis indicated that knowledge, familial support, assistance from healthcare providers, accessibility of services, and perceived necessity were substantially correlated with participation in Prolanis activities (p<0.001). Subsequent study employing multivariable logistic regression revealed that all variables continued to be significant predictors of program usage (p<0.05). Among these characteristics, family support had the most significant influence (Exp(B)=11.2), succeeded by knowledge (10.5), accessibility of resources (10.4), perceived need (8.1), and healthcare professional support (6.8). The regression model accounted for 80.6% of the variance in Prolanis consumption, as evidenced by a Nagelkerke R² score of 0.806. The results indicate that robust family engagement and adequate patient information significantly influence participation in Prolanis activities. Initiatives to enhance program usage among persons with diabetes mellitus should concentrate on bolstering family involvement, broadening patient education, and facilitating improved access to healthcare services. Keywords: Prolanis, DM, Family Support, Knowledge, Service Accessibility.
Reference Range of Stomatocytes in Jakarta and Surrounding Areas Danny Ernest Jonas Luhulima; Ago Harlim; Laurensius Aldrico Marveliano Sena; Ria Amelia; Erida Manalu
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26123

Abstract

Stomatocytes are erythrocytes characterized by a slit-like central pallor. Although they may appear in small numbers under physiological conditions, increased proportions are often associated with pathological states. Establishing population-specific reference intervals is therefore essential to avoid misinterpretation of erythrocyte morphology. This study aims to determine the reference interval for Stomatocyte counts in a healthy population from Jakarta and its surrounding areas, and to assess their relationship with routine hematological and biochemical parameters. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy individuals undergoing health check-ups at UKI General Hospital and East Bekasi Hospital from August 2022 to October 2024. Of 65 samples collected, 54 met the inclusion criteria. Stomatocyte counts were evaluated from peripheral blood smears by counting per 1,000 erythrocytes. Reference intervals were established using the 2.5th to 97.5th percentile method. The overall reference interval for Stomatocytes was 0 - 1.85%. Gender-specific intervals were 0 - 2.0% in men and 0 - 1.7% in women. No significant associations were observed between Stomatocyte counts and complete blood count parameters, liver function tests, or kidney function tests. In conclusion, Stomatocytes may be present at low levels in healthy individuals, with a locally derived reference interval of 0 - 1.85%. These findings highlight the importance of applying clearly defined reference intervals and considering clinical context when interpreting erythrocyte morphology to prevent overdiagnosis. Keywords: Stomatocytes, Reference Values, Erythrocyte Morphology,  Peripheral Blood Smear.
The Effect of Toddler Nutrition Patterns on Toddler Growth (1-5 years) in Tandem Hilir I Village, Deli Serdang Regency Maimunah R; Yuni Ramadhani; Pebrinawati Pebrinawati; Julidia Safitri Parinduri
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27333

Abstract

 The toddler period is a critical period or “golden age” that determines the quality of future growth and development. Globally, stunting remains a major challenge, with an estimated 150.2 million children affected in 2024. In Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting reached 21.5% according to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). Optimal nutrition through proper diet is a key determinant in preventing linear growth failure and maintaining toddler health. This study aims to analyze the relationship between toddler nutritional intake patterns and growth trends among toddlers aged 1-5 years in Tandem Hilir I Village, Deli Serdang District. This study used a quantitative analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in April 2025 in the working area of the Tandem Hilir I Village Health Center. The study sample consisted of 58 mothers of toddlers selected using the total sampling (saturated sample) technique. The independent variable (eating habits) was measured using a structured questionnaire adapted from the Balanced Nutrition Guidelines with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.82. The dependent variable (growth) was assessed through longitudinal data in the Health Card (KMS) or Maternal and Child Health Book (Buku KIA) for the last three months. The data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square (X2) test with a significance level of alpha = 0.05. Bivariate analysis revealed that 71.42% of toddlers with good eating patterns experienced optimal growth, while 34.78% of toddlers with poor eating patterns tended to experience stunting or weight loss. The chi-square test results showed a calculated X2 value of 7.5, which was greater than the X2 table value of 2.841 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship between nutritional intake patterns and toddler growth. There is a clear correlation between the quality of eating habits and the physical growth trajectory of children in the study location. Growth failure is more influenced by low nutritional literacy and the transition to low-nutrient processed foods Keywords: Toddler Diet, Growth, Stunting, Deli Serdang, Balanced Nutrition
A Study of the Impact of Local Leadership (Community Leadership) on the Success of Health Interventions Siti Umrana; Herman Herman; Risnawati Risnawati
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26744

Abstract

The effectiveness of health interventions is determined by multiple factors, such as leadership, participation, and environmental support. This study analyzes the determinants and most influential factors contributing to the success of health interventions. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 194 respondents selected through proportional random sampling. Data analysis utilized the chi-square test and logistic regression. The findings indicate that leadership capacity (p=0.021; OR=2.130), participation (p=0.000; OR=3.640), communication skills (p=0.000; OR=8.016), support in decision making (p=0.000; OR=4.800), access to health facilities (p=0.000; OR=4.759), local culture and norms (p=0.012; OR=2.231), transformational leadership style (p=0.000; OR=15.171), and servant leadership style (p=0.011; OR=2.231) significantly affect the success of health interventions. In contrast, community credibility and trust (p=0.869) and regional policies (p=0.843) do not demonstrate a significant effect. These results confirm that leadership quality and participatory support, particularly transformational leadership style and effective communication skills, are critical to the success of health interventions.
Effectiveness of Standard Operating Procedures on Elective Surgery Waiting Time at Bhayangkara TK II Medan Hospital Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution; Zulhilmi Zulhilmi; Ermi Girsang
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27116

Abstract

Background: Inefficient implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) can prolong waiting times for elective surgeries, which can lead to decreased service quality, increased risk of postoperative complications, and decreased patient satisfaction in hospitals. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Standard Operating Procedure implementation on reducing waiting times for elective surgeries in hospitals. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design and data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews with one specialist doctor, one nurse, and one administrative staff member. The results were analyzed using the thematic method from Braun and Clarke (2021). Results: The study showed that the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) had a positive impact on managing waiting times for elective surgeries at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Medan. SOPs helped accelarate the service process through a more structured workflow, clear division of tasks, and increased coordination and administrative efficiency. Based on the results of the study, the average waiting time for elective surgeries at Bhayangkara Hospital Level II Medan after the implementation of SOPs was less than one week from the time the patient was scheduled for surgery, demonstrating the effectiveness of SOP implementation in accelerating service. Conclusion: SOP plays an important role in reducing waiting times for elective surgery by increasing the effectiveness of medical and administrative services and strengthening communication between service units. Keywords: Standard Operating Procedures, Waiting Time, Elective Surgery, Service Efficiency, Hospital.
The Effect of Dietary Education on Improving Maternal Nutritional Behavior Among Mothers of Stunted Toddlers at the Pratama Kesira Mutiara Clinic Wilda Yunita; Dwi Ris Hasanah. S; Lili Nurmaliza; Rhina Chairani Lubis
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26904

Abstract

Proper feeding practices are essential for preventing stunting in toddlers, yet many mothers lack adequate knowledge about nutrition. Education on feeding patterns can help mothers to make wiser decisions about their children’s diets.  This study employed a single-group quasi-experimental design with a pre-test–post-test, conducted at the Pratama Kesira Mutiara Clinic between November 2024 and April 2025. The sample consisted of 43 mothers of toddlers, selected through purposive sampling technique from a population of 76 clinic visitors, who met the inclusion criteria: having healthy toddlers, being able to communicate effectively, and agreeing to participate. Dietary education served as the independent variable, while improvements in mothers' nutritional behaviour served as the dependent variable. Data were collected using structured instruments and analysed descriptively (univariate) and inferentially (bivariate) with paired t-tests for normally distributed data or Wilcoxon tests for non-normal data.  Results showed that dietary education significantly improved mothers’ feeding behaviour, shifting the majority from inappropriate practices before the intervention to appropriate practices afterward (p < 0, 05). These findings are consistent with previous evidence that dietary education enhances feeding practices and support better child nutrition. Overall, structured educational interventions delivered by health workers play a crucial role in empowering mothers and advancing sustainable stunting prevention efforts. Keywords: Education, Stunting, Toddlers, Nutrition.

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