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Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26850389     DOI : 10.30829/contagion
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, A Scientific Periodic Journal of Public Health published by the Public health Study Program of The Faculty of Public Health UINSU Medan. This Journal prioritiez the collaboration of lecturers and students with scope of the discussion is about Public Health, Health and Islam, and Coastal Health. This Journal is published twice, published on June and December.
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Articles 518 Documents
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Risk Factors Associated with Sick Building Syndrome Among Workers in High-Rise Office Buildings Widya Ayu Oktavia; Onny Setiani; Tri Joko; Sulistiyani Sulistiyani; Suhartono Suhartono
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26719

Abstract

Indoor air quality is one of the crucial aspects of the work environment. Poor workplace conditions not only reduce comfort and job satisfaction but also significantly affect work productivity. One clinical manifestation of poor office environmental quality is the emergence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). The etiology of SBS is multifactorial, involving complex interactions between physical environmental factors (temperature, humidity, particulate dust), chemical factors (VOCs, CO₂), and biological agents, as well as individual characteristics and psychosocial conditions. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of SBS among employees of the Central Java Provincial Archives and Library Office. This research employed an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design involving 93 employees as respondents. The results showed that the average indoor air quality measurements in the work areas were as follows: humidity 56.30%, temperature 27.85oC, lighting intensity 170.04 lux, and air change per hour 3.43 times/hour. The prevalence of SBS among employees was 58.1%. There was not a significant association between temperature (p=0.035; RP=1.840), humidity (p=0.085; RP=0.712), lighting (p=0.121; RP=0.733), and ACH (p=0.791; RP=1.088) with SBS. In conclusion, this study identified no relationship between indoor air quality and the incidence of SBS among employees of the Central Java Provincial Archives and Library Office. Keywords:  Indoor Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome, Risk Factors, Workers.
An Analysis of Stunting Determinants in North Tapanuli Regency Emilia Silvana Sitompul; Juana Linda Simbolon; Marni Siregar
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27890

Abstract

There has been a decline in stunting prevalence nationally in the last two years, requiring a more specific analysis of local determinants to optimize interventions at the regional level, especially in areas with geographical characteristics such as North Tapanuli Regency. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutritional intake, environmental sanitation, immunization status, and medical history on the incidence of stunting in toddlers. This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design involved 71 stunted toddler respondents in four working areas of the Community Health Center in North Tapanuli Regency. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test for bivariate analysis and Path Analysis to see the direct and indirect effects. The path analysis results showed that nutritional intake (0.365), sanitation (0.146), and immunization status (0.141) had a significant direct effect on stunting. Nutritional intake was the most dominant determining factor (p=0.010). Conversely, medical history (p=0.485) did not show a significant relationship and did not play a strong mediating role in this model. Nutritional intake is a key factor in determining the severity of stunting. Intervention strategies should focus on meeting the specific nutritional needs of toddlers in addition to improving sanitation and basic immunization coverageKeywords: Stunting, Nutritional Intake, Infectious Diseases, Sanitation, Immunization 
Digital Transformation of BPJS Primary Healthcare Administration: A Qualitative Study of E-Module Implementation and Service Quality Improvement Benri Situmorang; Aris Citra Wisuda; Herlina Herlina; Febriantika Febriantika
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.25943

Abstract

Indonesia’s National Health Insurance system (BPJS Kesehatan) continues to face persistent administrative challenges in primary healthcare, including limited accessibility, bureaucratic complexity, long waiting times, and patient dissatisfaction. To address these issues, digital transformation initiatives have introduced electronic modules (e-modules) aimed at improving administrative efficiency, service quality, and data accuracy. This qualitative study collected data through in-depth interviews with twenty participants: twelve BPJS beneficiaries and eight primary healthcare officers from four community health centers in Sibolga City, North Sumatra. Participants were purposively selected based on their experience with BPJS e-module services. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 through open coding, categorization, and theme development. Four themes emerged: 1) Administrative accessibility improved as e-modules simplified access to procedural information; 2) Service efficiency increased through shorter waiting times and faster processing; 3) User satisfaction improved, especially among digitally literate participants who perceived greater transparency and predictability, and 4) Administrative accuracy strengthened due to standardized digital documentation, reducing manual errors. Nonetheless, barriers persisted, including limited digital literacy, uneven internet connectivity, and insufficient technical support at facility level. E-modules represent an effective administrative innovation that reduces procedural complexity and enhances service consistency in primary healthcare. However, uneven benefits resulting from infrastructural constraints, organizational inertia, and varying user capacity underscore the need to align technological implementation with institutional readiness and user support to prevent widening service disparities Keywords: BPJS Health, Primary Healthcare, E-Module, Digital Health Administration, Service Quality
Patient Safety Attitudes Among Intensive Care Unit Nurses in an Indonesian Islamic Hospital: A Mixed-Methods Study Tri Sutopo; Arlina Dewi
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27183

Abstract

Patient safety culture plays a crucial role in intensive care units (ICUs), where nurses play a central role in ensuring safe and quality care. Evaluation of patient safety attitudes in nurses is important to reduce medical errors and improve service quality. This study aims to evaluate patient safety attitudes in nurses in the ICU of an Islamic hospital and propose a strategy for improvement based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Mixed-methods with a sequential explanatory model approach, using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ-INA). Quantitative data from ICU nurses were complemented by qualitative interviews, analyzed using the TPB framework. The number of respondents in this study was 14 respondents from both quantitative and qualitative research. ICU nurses showed a positive attitude with high scores on the teamwork climate (82.7%), safety climate (76.3%), and job satisfaction (90.4%). However, low scores on stress recognition (61.6%), unit management perception (66.8%), hospital management (68.6%), and working conditions (74.1%) indicate challenges such as high workload, staff shortages, and lack of management support. The qualitative findings emphasize the need for non-punitive reporting and collaboration between professions. ICU nurses are strongly committed to patient safety, but stress and resource limitations hinder them. Recommendations include stress management training, non-punitive reporting systems, management engagement, and resource optimization to strengthen patient safety attitudes Keywords: Patient Safety Attitudes, ICU Nurses, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, Theory of Planned Behavior
The Impact of Instant Noodle Consumption Patterns on Hemoglobin Levels among Medical Laboratory Technology Students at Poltekkes Medan Evi Irianti; Ice Ratnalela Siregar; Elizawarda Elizawarda; Rinson Sitohang
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26010

Abstract

Instant noodles are widely consumed worldwide due to their convenience, affordability, and long shelf life, particularly among university students. Despite their popularity, these products are nutritionally imbalanced, with high in carbohydrates and sodium, but low in protein, iron, and essential vitamins, raising concerns about their impact on hemoglobin levels and anemia risk. This study specifically examines hemoglobin status in relation to both frequency and duration of instant noodle consumption, while considering gender and sleep duration. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 163 third-year Medical Laboratory Technology students at Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan. Hemoglobin concentration was measured from venous blood samples, while dietary patterns, sleep duration, and instant noodle consumption habits were assessed via structured questionnaires. Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). Most students maintained normal hemoglobin levels regardless of instant noodle consumption frequency or duration. Female students had lower hemoglobin than males, reflecting hormonal and menstrual influences. Sleep duration did not significantly affect hemoglobin. Nearly all students reported adding vegetables and eggs to their noodles, potentially mitigating the adverse effects of sodium and supporting iron absorption. However, this effect was not statistically controlled, rendering the observed maintenance of hemoglobin suggestive rather than definitive. Hemoglobin status in young adults is primarily influenced by gender-related biological factors and overall dietary quality, rather than instant noodle consumption patterns alone. The findings highlight the importance of nutrient-rich complementary foods and warrant longitudinal studies to clarify the causal impact of dietary habits on hematological health Keywords: Noodles, Hemoglobins,  Anemia, Sleep, Gender Factors
Islamic Religiosity and Pro-Environmental Behavior among Muslim Youth: An Integrative Public Health Approach to Climate Change Mitigation in Indonesia Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Siregar, Putra Apriadi; Cahyanti, Sri; Saragih, Nurhayati; Rezebri, Muhammad; Safira, Putri; Apriliani, Apriliani; Rahayu, Sri; Siregar, Prima Yanti
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 7, No 3 (2025): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v7i3.28698

Abstract

Introduction: The global climate crisis poses an unprecedented threat to human health, yet in highly religious societies such as Indonesia, integrating Islamic values into public health strategies for environmental behavior remains largely unexplored. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between religiousness, pro-environmental attitudes, and environmentally friendly behavior among Muslim adolescents in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,291 students from Islamic universities in Medan, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated online questionnaire to measure religiosity, attitudes toward the environment, and self-reported pro-environmental behavior. Because the data distribution was not normal (p < 0.001), Spearman's rank correlation was used to test the hypothesis with JASP version 19 software at a 95% confidence level. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was found between religiosity and pro-environmental behavior (r = 0.501, p < 0.001). In addition, a stronger positive correlation was observed between religiosity and attitudes toward the environment (r = 0.565, p < 0.001). These results indicate that higher levels of religious commitment are systematically associated with greater ecological awareness and action. Conclusion: Religiosity is a significant determinant of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among Muslim youth in Indonesia. Integrating environmental fiqh (Fiqh al-Bi’ah) into public health interventions offers a powerful and culturally rooted strategy for reducing climate-related health risks. Keywords:  Islamic, Public Health, Pro-Environmental Behavior, Religiosity.
Determinant Factors of Early Menarche among Primary School Girls Firdawati Firdawati; Fadiyah Rahmatias; Abdiana Abdiana; Henni Fitria
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26168

Abstract

Early menarche, defined as the onset of menstruation before the age of twelve, has been linked to adverse physical and mental health outcomes and is a key predictor of rapid pubertal growth. Although data at the elementary school level in Indonesia remain limited, recent findings suggest a rising prevalence of early menarche in urban areas. This study provides local evidence from an urban school in Padang City, where early menarche appears to be increasing. This research examined associations between early menarche among elementary school girls in Public Elementary School (SDN) 03 Alai Timur, Padang City, and factors including nutritional status, maternal age at menarche, and exposure to mass media information technology. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and the Fisher Exact Test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that three-quarters of the participants experienced early menarche. Overweight-obese nutritional status was significantly associated with higher rates of early menarche (95.2%; p=0.011), as was high exposure to mass media information technology (88.9%;  p=0.020). Although not statistically significant (p=0.071), girls whose mothers had experienced early menarche also showed higher rates (90.0%). Overall, early menarche was strongly associated with nutritional status and media exposure, while maternal age at menarche demonstrated a non-significant intergenerational effect. The findings highlight the need for schools to implement programs that educate young girls on proper nutrition, responsible media consumption, and reproductive health from an early age. Keywords:  Early Menarche, Elementary School Students, Nutritional Status, Maternal Menarche History, Mass Media Exposure.
Innovation of Prototype of Stunting Health Information System and 3D Pageflip E-Module on Stunting Preventive Knowledge and Attitude in South Tangerang Rita Dwi Pratiwi; Riris Andriati; Fenita Purnama Sari Indah
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26767

Abstract

According to an analysis conducted by the World Bank Group, WHO, and UNICEF, around 144 million children who are under the age of five (21.3%) were affected by stunting worldwide in 2019. By 2022, this figure had risen to an estimated 148.1 million children (22.3%). This study aims to evaluate the health promotion interventions utilizing a prototype of a stunting health information system and a 3D pageflip e-module in enhancing attitudes and knowledge for the prevention of stunting in South Tangerang. This study applied a quantitative approach combined with a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a two-group design with a pretest and post-test measurements framework. A total of 106 individuals surveyed were included, divided equally into two groups: one group received the prototype stunting health information system intervention, and the other was provided with the 3D Pageflip e-module, comprising 53 participants for every group. The Wilcoxon test showed the prototype of the stunting health information system group showed a significant difference for knowledge (p = 0.046) and attitude (p = 0.025), and the 3D pageflip e-module group showed a significant difference in knowledge and attitude (p = 0.000). The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference for knowledge (p = 0.000) and for attitude (p = 0.042). The effect size test for knowledge is 1.06 and for attitude 0.27. It can be concluded that the prototype of the stunting health information system and the 3D pageflip e-module effectively increase mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding stunting prevention. Keywords: Prototype, Stunting Health Information System, 3D Pageflip E Module, Knowledge, Preventive, Attitude
Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-Up (LtFU) among People Living with HIV/AIDS Dian Widyahandayani; Ayun Sriatmi; Antono Suryoputro
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.27723

Abstract

Loss to follow-up (LtFU) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy remains a significant challenge, contributing to treatment failure, drug resistance, and ongoing HIV transmission. This study aimed to identify factors associated with LtFU among PLWHA on ARV therapy in Demak Regency. Method: A quantitative observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 199 PLWHA meeting inclusion criteria. Data were collected using validated questionnaires addressing knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, family support, peer support, stigma, healthcare worker support, quality of health services, access to services, and health service policies. Data were analyzed using SPSS with univariate analysis, bivariate chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression at a 0.05 significance level with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results in bivariate analysis indicated that all independent variables were significantly associated with LtFU (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified six independent predictors: poor knowledge (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 1.57–13.94), negative attitude (OR = 5.65; 95% CI: 1.98–16.08), poor perception (OR = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.69–14.45), inadequate family support (OR = 14.40; 95% CI: 3.75–55.37), poor service quality (OR = 4.40; 95% CI: 1.54–12.62), and a weak health service system reflecting limited access and provider support (OR = 5.61; 95% CI: 1.79–17.57). Collectively, these factors explained 72.65% of the variation in LtFU. In conclusion, LtFU is driven by a combination of cognitive, psychosocial, and structural determinants, with family support and health system factors being the most influential. Effective interventions should prioritize enhancing family involvement, patient education, and counselling, as well as improving service accessibility, quality, and responsiveness to ensure sustained retention in HIV care. Keywords: Antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS, Loss to Follow-Up, Risk Factors.
Environmental Health Surveillance of Household Drinking Water in Buluh Cina Village, a Riverine Rural Community along the Kampar River, Indonesia Herniwanti Herniwanti; Oktavia Dewi; Emy Leonita; Rafni Nashabila; Rahmi Utamiasari
Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health Vol 8, No 1 (2026): CONTAGION
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/contagion.v8i1.26760

Abstract

Access to safe household drinking water remains a major environmental health concern in riverine rural communities that rely on untreated groundwater and refill water sources. Buluh Cina Village, located along the Kampar River in Riau Province, depends largely on shallow wells and refilled drinking water stations, many of which lack adequate disinfection and routine monitoring. This study aimed to conduct an integrated environmental health surveillance of household drinking water quality in Buluh Cina Village to identify microbiological and physicochemical risks relevant to local public health action. A cross-sectional surveillance study was conducted by collecting 30 water samples from points of access (supply) and 30 samples from points of use (ready-to-drink) in selected households using stratified random sampling. Laboratory analyses assessed microbiological parameters (Escherichia coli and Total Coliform), physical parameters (turbidity, color, and pH), and chemical parameters (iron, manganese, and residual chlorine), following the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2/2023. Overall, 91.7% of samples did not meet national drinking water quality standards. Microbiological contamination was detected at both sampling points, with Escherichia coli present in 33.3% of PA samples and 46.7% of PU samples, and total coliform contamination in 53.3% of PA samples and 63.3% of PU samples. However, the differences between PA and PU were not statistically significant. Residual chlorine was absent or below the recommended level in 70% of samples, while turbidity, abnormal pH, and elevated iron and manganese were also observed. These findings indicate significant environmental health risks associated with household drinking water in this riverine rural community. Priority public health actions include improving safe household water storage practices, increasing uptake of point-of-use disinfection, strengthening routine monitoring of refill drinking water depots, and integrating drinking water surveillance into primary health care center (puskesmas)-based environmental health workflows. This study provides locally grounded evidence to support targeted interventions for improving drinking water safety in riverine rural settings Keywords:  Buluh Cina Village, Drinking Water Quality, Environmental Health Surveillance, Household Water Safety, Kampar River

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