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ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering

AJChE
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 26555409 EISSN : 26555409 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.52004

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

The ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering publishes papers on Chemical Engineering, specifically but not limited to the areas of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, process control, environment, energy, biotechnology, corrosion, separation science, powder technology, materials science, and chemical engineering education

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi

Articles 18 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 " : 18 Documents clear

Effect of Surfactant on Single Drop Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Panut Mulyono; Setia Muliati
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Liquid-liquid mass transfer coefficients for single freely rising drops in the presence of surfactant in an extraction column have been investigated using the system of kerosene-acetic acid-water. The surfactant used in this study was alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS). The experiments were carried out by bubbling kerosene-acetic acid solution as a series of single drops from the bottom of a column containing water-ABS solution. The column used in this experiment was made from glass of 36 mm inside diameter and constructed of 60, 120, and 180 cm height. The effects of surfactant concentration, column height, and drop diameter on the overall mass transfer coefficient have been studied. The data can all be correlated by Shd = 2.08 x10−5 Red 4.01 We −1.97 (dd / H ) 0.68 with an average deviation of 17.72%. This equation is valid for the ranges of Red from 186.68 to 402.19, We from 0.80 to 3.33, and dd/H from 0.0028 to 0.0105.

An Overview of Difficulties in Controlling Intensified Process Reza Barzin; Syamsul Rizal Abd Shukor; Abdul Latif Ahmad
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Process intensification (PI) is currently one of the most significant trends in chemical engineering and process technology. PI is a strategy of making dramatic reductions in the size of unit operations within chemical plants, in order to achieve production objectives. PI technology is able to change dramatically the whole chemical engineering industry pathway to a faster, cleaner and safer industry. Nonetheless, PI technology will be handicapped if such system is not properly controlled. There are some foreseeable problems in order to control such processes for instance, dynamic interaction between components that make up a control loop, response time of the instrumentations, availability of proper sensor and etc. This paper offers an overview and discussion on identifying potential problems of controlling intensified systems.

System Approach from Biomass Combustion in Packed Bed Reactor Anhkien Le; Le Xuan Hai; V. N. Sharifi; J. Swithenbank
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A simple algorithm originally proposed by Choong, Paterson and Scott (2002) was tested on a model of an isothermal controlled-cycled stirred tank reactor with substrate inhibition kinetics, (r = 1 ~c). In previous work, this reacting system had been shown to exhibit steady-state multiplicity. The transition period of this system to the stable steady state is sometimes characterized by very slow change followed by a very rapid convergence to the stable steady state. Tests of the Choong-Paterson-Scott algorithm showed that the feature, which prevents premature termination of the calculations prior to reaching the true steady state, is very useful for this system. However, tests of the stopping criterion showed that the other feature of reducing the computing time was not realized in this system.

Photodegradation of Chlordane in Soil and Water Matrix Using Induced UV and Solar Light Alexander C. Sioson, Jr; Dr. Susan M. Gallardo
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The photodegradation of chlordane in soil and water matrix using induced ultraviolet (UV) radiation and solar light was evaluated in this study. A batch photolytic reactor equipped with a low-pressure mercury lamp (17 W) sterilight ultraviolet (UV) lamp with a supplied wavelength of 254nm was used in the photodegradation experiments. The pesticide’s initial concentration in water was varied using three different concentrations (0.80, 2.60, and 8.0 mg/L) and soil samples were prepared at three different dosages (0.20, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg). At preferred time intervals, samples were withdrawn from the reactor. The pH and temperature of the samples were continuously monitored. Samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the degradation of components was verified using a GC-ECD setup. Solar experiments were conducted during the months of April and May (140 33.971’N, 1200 59.515’E); with a mean sunlight intensity of 85,187.5 lux. Results of the photodegradation experiments using the batch photolytic reactor showed an average of 91.65% degradation of the chlordane pesticide dissolved in water after hours of exposure to UV light. High degradation efficiencies were achieved at higher chlordane initial concentrations. For solar photodegradation experiments, an average of 71.59% degradation was achieved. Photodegradation in soil showed an average of 62.54% degradation of the compound. As such, percentage degradation increases as the initial concentration of the pollutant increases. Further, solar photodegradation experiments in soil samples showed an approximate 56.35% degradation of the compound throughout the duration of the experiment. Chloride-ion analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment was conducted at chlordane aqueous solution. At higher chlordane concentrations, higher chloride ion concentrations in the solution were achieved. As such, more chloride ions detached themselves from the parent compound every two hours of sampling time and soon reached an almost steady state concentration at a maximum exposure time of eight hours.

Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Utilization for VOCs Adsorption C W. Purnomo; S. Z. Qiao
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Functionalized FDU-12 has been studied in the application for hydrocarbon vapor adsorption. In here, the moieties were phenyl and vinyl which being introduced into FDU-12 synthesis using co-condensation methods with the presence of tri block co-polymer P123 as the template. The adsorption used two different vapors, benzene and n-hexane, at 200C. The result suggested that the groups increased the affinity of adsorbing the vapors compared with pure FDU-12.

A Study on the Relative Performance of Different Coagulants and the Kinetics of COD in the Treatment of a Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Industrial Wastewater Wilheliza A. Baraoidan; Lin Lin Tun; Pag-asa D. Gaspillo; Masaaki . Suzuki
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Untreated wastewater from textile industries when discharged to nearby waterways would cause considerable health concerns to humans and animal life and to the host environment. They contain various chemicals such as dyes, detergents and surfactants, some of which are recalcitrant to biodegradation. Such wastewater can be better remediated by chemical treatment. The treatment of a textile bleaching and dyeing industrial wastewater was done by Coagulation and Flocculation Method using a jar test apparatus. Alum, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and ferrous sulfate were used in separate runs as coagulants, while excelfloc 264 (a polyacrylamide copolymer) was used as flocculant. Preliminary tests were first conducted to determine the appropriate coagulation and flocculation agitation rates and settling time. The initial pH of the sample effluent was varied from 5 to 8 for alum coagulation, 5 to 8.5 for PAC coagulation and 9 to 11 for ferrous sulfate coagulation. The dosages of each coagulant and the excelfloc were varied from 200 to 1000 ppm, and 0.5 to 2.5 ppm, respectively. Experimental results showed that the optimum initial pH of the wastewater using alum, PAC, and ferrous sulfate were 7, 7.5, and 10, respectively. The optimum dosages of the coagulants were found to be 600ppm for alum and 800ppm for both PAC, and ferrous sulfate. The optimum flocculant dosages were 1.5ppm with alum, 1 ppm with PAC and 2ppm with ferrous sulfate. The highest percentage removal of COD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chromium, and color were found to be 58.55%, 65%, 36.51%, 76.45%, and 78.96%, respectively, using alum: 65.4%, 67.5%, 35.84%, 44.92%, and 75.49%, respectively using PAC; and, 55.72%, 34.16%, 33.95%, 19.88%, and 48.56%, respectively, using ferrous sulfate. Among the three coagulants tried, coagulation with PAC gave the highest percentage of COD removal of 65.64% and TSS removal of 67.5% while alum gave the highest removal of both chromium and color at 76.45% and 94.49%, respectively. Rapid and slow agitation rates used were 240rpm for 1 minute and 40rpm for 20 minutes, respectively; while settling time was 30 minutes. Kinetics of the COD removal was studied at the optimum conditions. Kinetic model, determined by curve fitting with the coagulation/flocculation reaction, was observed to follow a first-order rate of reaction.

Development of Crack-Free Alumina Sol-gel/Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Membranes for Glucose Oxidase Immobilization Fui Ling Wong; Azila Abdul Aziz
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A simple procedure to incorporate PVA into alumina sol-gel membrane was investigated as a suitable support material for glucose oxidase. The alumina sol was prepared using aluminum iso-propoxide via the sol-gel process. PVA was employed as the organic binder to enhance the mechanical strength of the fragile sol-gel membranes. The ability of the hybrid membrane to retain glucose oxidase and the apparent enzyme activities were studied. The resulting composite membranes were found to be crack-free, stable, and still very active after 60 days. However, the enzyme leakage period was observed to be quite long. The enzyme was still leaking from the membrane after more than 10 days albeit at a very low level.

Auxiliary Substrates for Elimination of Trichloroethene, Monochlorobenzene, and Benzene in a Sequential Anaerobic–Aerobic GAC Biobarrier M. Gozan; A. Mueller; A. Tiehm
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sequential anaerobic-aerobic barrier is a novel concept for groundwater bioremediation. Trichloroethene (TCE), monochlorobenzene (MCB), and benzene (BZ) were used as model contaminants representing contaminant cocktails frequently found in the contaminated subsurface. The autochthonous microflora from a contaminated field was inoculated to eliminate model contaminants in a set of sequential anaerobic–aerobic granulated activated carbon (GAC) columns and batch studies. In the anaerobic column, the TCE was reductively dechlorinated through cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene (ETH). Ethanol and sucrose as auxiliary substrates were added to donate electrons. In the second stage, MCB, BZ, and the lower chlorinated metabolites of TCE degradation, i.e. cis-Dichloroethene (cisDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), were oxidatively degraded with addition of hydrogen peroxide and nitrate. This paper examines the influence of auxiliary substrates on the biological degradation of model pollutants. In the anaerobic barrier, the auxiliary substrates supply should be maintained low but stoichiometrically adequate for supporting reductive dechlorination. Supplying higher amount of auxiliary substrates provoked competitive reactions in anaerobic conditions, such as sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. If the auxiliary substrates are not utilized completely in the anaerobic phase, the remaining compounds flow into the aerobic phase. This led to unwanted conditions, i.e. oxidation of auxiliary substrates instead of pollutant elimination, and a higher consumption of electron acceptors. In the aerobic barrier, in particular, ethene proved to be a suitable auxiliary substrate for cometabolic degradation of cisDCE.

Ethanol-Based Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oil Mary Grace M. Oliveros; Amiliza B. Baiting; Menchie G. Lumain; Maria Theresa I. Cabaraban
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Waste vegetable oil, mainly coming from frying residues, can be used as raw material to obtain a diesel fuel (biodiesel). Biodiesel, a nontoxic, biodegradable, diesel-like fuel, is an important energy alternative capable of decreasing environmental problems caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. The utilization of waste vegetable oils as raw material in biodiesel production was studied. Research was undertaken to establish the availability of used vegetable oil to supply a biodiesel process. It is intended that this work forms an academic study combined with an environmental and technological analysis of the merits of biodiesel as a sustainable fuel. Laboratory experimentation investigated the possibility of using waste vegetable oil from the local fast food chains, and potassium hydroxide as catalyst for the transesterification process. The cleaned waste vegetable oil undergoes transesterification for 4 hours, after which, the biodiesel is separated from the glycerin by gravity. Washing is necessary to remove residual catalyst or soap. Overall material balance for the process gives: 1 kg Waste Vegetable oil + 0.18 kg EtOH + 0.01 kg KOH → 0.74 kg Biodiesel + 0.44 kg Glycerin The biodiesel, in pure form (B100) and in 50% proportion (B50) with petroleum diesel, was run in an essentially unmodified Toyota 2C diesel engine. Smoke density (opacity) and CO exhaust emission both decreased with B50. However, Nox increased with B50. Fuel consumption during engine power testing is significantly greater using the biodiesel, but is also significantly reduced with B50.

Enhanced Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg growth by Photon Flux Density Alteration in Serial Bubble Column Photobioreactors Anondho Wijanarko; Dianursanti Antonius Yudi Sendjaya; Misri Gozan; Roekmijati Widaningroem Soemantojo; Arief Budi Witarto; Kazuhiro Asami Kazuhisa Ohtaguchi
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 1 & 2 (2007)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Micro algae are photolitotrophs that perform oxygenic photosynthesis and capable of accumulating a large amount of CO2, using an inducible CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). These characteristics make the micro algae potentially useful for removal and utilization of CO2 emitted from industrial plant. Generally, the usage of photosynthetic microorganism in CO2 fixation and biomass production for the economically viable commodities have been increased and significantly improved as a solution for this problem. Using these facts and previous research results using Anabaena cylindrica IAM M1 and Spirulina platensis IAM M 135, enhancement of CO2 fixation and biomass production by Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg with photon flux density alteration along with an increasing of culture biomass during the cellular growth period, was implemented in this research. The photon flux density used in this alteration was the maximum light for Chlorella’s maximum growth rate ( I mmax,opt ). The cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg in the Benneck basal medium operating conditions: T, 29oC; P, 1.0 atm; UG, 2.4m/h; CO2, 10%; using Philip Halogen Lamp 20W/12V/50Hz as the light source and three bubble column photobioreactors arranged in series order with each having a volume of 0.200dm3. Results had shown that the photon flux density alteration as a whole could increase around 60% the biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris and around 7% the CO2 fixation ability, compared to constant photon flux density outcomes. This experiment also showed that the noncompetitive inhibition of [HCO3-] as carbon source substrate is affected significantly during the cultivation in both of alteration and continuous photon flux density.

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Ari Pramudyantoro

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+62274555320

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Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

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Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Ari Pramudyantoro

Contact Email ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Phone +62274555320

Journal Mail Official ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Ari Pramudyantoro

Contact Email
ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+62274555320

Journal Mail Official
ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jln. Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Yogyakarta Indonesia 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA