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CORD
Published by International Coconut Community
ISSN : 02151162     EISSN : 27218856     DOI : 10.37833/cord
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science
Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD" : 6 Documents clear
Fatty Acids Profile, Oxidative and Hydrolysis Stability of Virgin Coconut Oil and Palm Stearin Based Human Milk Fat Analog Karouw, Steivie; Suparmo; Hastuti, Pudji; Utami, Tyas
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (506.191 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.71

Abstract

The objectives of the research are to evaluate fatty acids profile, oxidative and hydrolysis stability of human milk fat (HMF) analog by using virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm stearin as raw materials. The HMF analog was synthesized through enzymatic interesterification catalyzed by lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The fatty acid profiles of interesterification products were monitored using gas chromatography. Oxidative stability test was carried out for up to 72 hours at 60oC. The peroxide value was measured during 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of storage duration. Hydrolysis stability test was held for up to 8 days at room temperature. The free fatty acid content was monitored during 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days of storage. The results showed that the resulted HMF analog having high percentage of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position, similar to that of HMF. The palmitic acid content in the sn-2 position was around 39.71%. The MCFAs were esterified in the sn-1 and sn-3 position and the main fatty acid constituent was lauric acid of 39.37%. The obtained HMF analog was stable to oxidative and hydrolysis deterioration as indicated by the peroxide value and free fatty acid content during storage.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Amendments on Inflorescence and Flower Morphology and Yield of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Solangi, Abdul Hameed; Iqbal, M. Z.; Shafiq, Muhammad
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (56.04 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.72

Abstract

A study was conducted at the Plant Introduction Center (PIC), Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC), Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Karachi for the effect of Organic {Neem Seed Powder (NSP) and Gliricidia sepium leaves (GSL)} and Inorganic {(Urea (N), Di-ammonium phosphate (P) and Murait of potash (K), (NPK)} Fertilizers Amendments on Inflorescence and flower Morphology and Yield of Coconut. The experiment consist of eight treatments namely; T1 (NPK + NSP + GSL), T2 (NPK+ NSP), T3 (NPK+ GSL), T4 (NSP + GSL), T5 (NPK), T6 (GSL), T7 (NSP), T8 control without treatments. The experiment was laid down as Complete Randomized Block Design replicated three times. The results demonstrated that the number of spikelets with female flowers were significantly high in T1 to T7 as compared to T8 treatment. The 1st spikelets with number of female flowers (48.97) were significantly (p<0.05) high in T1 as compared to T2, T3, T4 and T8. In case of stalk length (38.05 cm) it was significantly (p<0.05) high in T1 as compared to T8. The findings of the study indicated that the number of nuts (99.33) and fruit weight (1490.77 g) were significantly (p<0.05) highest in T1 as compared to T3 to T8 and T2 to T8 treatments, respectively. The T1 treatment also showed better fruit length (25.75 cm), fruit breadth (42.97 cm), husk weight (448.66 g), shell weight (278.11 g), kernel weight (434.22 g) and nut water (188.77 ml) with significant differences in some of the treatments. The application of organic amended with inorganic fertilizers, enhanced the growth and nut production in nutrient deficient soils. It is therefore, recommended that treatment T1 {NPK+NSP+GSL)}/palm/year was enough to improve the morphological, inflorescence, flower morphology, high nut production, better income to coconut farmers, economical and beneficial for conservation of coconut genetic resources in coastal area of Pakistan.
Efficient Method of Transporting Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Zygotic Embryos for Cryopreservation of Plumules by Encapsulation/Dehydration Bandupriya, H. D. D.; Fernando, S. C.; Verdeil, Jean-Luc; Malaurie, Bernard
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1817.517 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.76

Abstract

Coconut is both socially and economically important crop in tropical and subtropical countries, thus the conservation of existing diversity of its germplasm is vital to maintain biodiversity, sustain crop production and utilisation of germplasm for crop improvement strategies. The recalcitrant storage behavior and large size of the coconut seed make it impossible to use as a germplasm storage material. Cryopreservation is an ideal means of long-term storage of germplasm which offers long-term storage capability with minimal storage space and maintenance requirements. The coconut embryo has been now adapted by various researchers for the purpose of germplasm exchange and it is now being routinely applied in germplasm collection and exchange activities with sufficient germination rates. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different coconut embryo transport/ storage methods [as solid endosperm plugs under cold temperature, embryos cultured in Solidified Agar Medium (SAM) or KCl solution under room temperature] on cryopreservation of plumules using encapsulation/dehydration method. The results revealed that plumules excised from embryos transported/ stored in SAM and pretreated with 1.0M sucrose could be cryopreserved with 71.8% survival and 56% recovery rates. The survival and recovery could be further increased up to 77.5% and 65% respectively by supplementation of 1.0M sucrose with 20 µM ABA.
Production Technology for Kopyor Coconut Seednuts and Seedlings in Indonesia Novarianto, Hengky; Maskromo, Ismail; Sudarsono, S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (416.966 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.77

Abstract

Kopyor coconut is a naturally-occurring mutant having fluffy solid endosperm in stead of the normal one. Similar type of coconut has been found in several other Asian countries, with their distinct local names, such as Macapuno (Philippines), Makhrao Kathi (Thailand), Dikiri Pol (Sri Lanka), Thairu Thengai (India). It is a delicacy coconut to Indonesian and sells as much as ten times higher than normal coconut. In nature, three types of kopyor coconut exist in Indonesia: kopyor tall, kopyor dwarf, and kopyor hybrid. There are three kopyor dwarf varieties (‘Pati Kopyor Green Dwarf’, ‘Kopyor Yellow Dwarf’ and ‘Kopyor Brown Dwarf’) officially released, and one registered tall variety (‘Puan Kalianda Kopyor Tall’). In general, kopyor fruit yield under natural conditions is only < 25% of the total harvested fruits for both the tall and the dwarf types. Traditionally, Indonesian farmers harvest kopyor fruits at ten months after pollination while normal fruits at 11 months. They use the harvested normal fruits for propagation; but cannot guarantee whether or not they would produce korpyor fruit. Adoption of kopyor seedling production through embryo culture has been done. However, the seedling production is slow, while the price is very expensive, thus unaffordable to common farmers. Indonesian Palm Research Institute and Bogor Agricultural University have collaborated to develop alternative approaches to increase kopyor fruit production through the production of seedling that would ensure to produce korpyor fruit through control pollination. Initiated since 2010, the activities successfully overcome uncertainty in kopyor seedling production. Moreover, hybridization among local superior coconut varieties and known kopyor one have been done to broaden genetic background of kopyor trait and to develop breeding population for new kopyor varieties in the future. Overview and update of research progress on korpyor in Indonesia are presented in this paper.
Performance of Coconut Hybrids in United Plantations Berhad and Commercial Production of Seed Nuts Arulandoo, Xaviar; Sritharan, Kandha; Subramaniam, Mohan
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (665.974 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.78

Abstract

United Plantations Berhad began its first coconut planting in 1912. Since then, it has been the responsibility of the breeding team in its research department to sustain a high standard of plant breeding techniques in the development of future planting materials aligned with the objectives of the company. The yield performance of Tall x Tall, Dwarf x Dwarf and Dwarf x Tall hybrids as well as salient points in the commercial production of hybrid seed nut is highlighted. Current plantings at UPB consist of older generation of MAWA+ with average yields of 30,000 nuts per hectare per year and newer generations of MATAG* with yields comparable to MAWA but with improved nut characteristics. Breeding strategies are now in place to produce hybrids (Dwarf x Tall) capable of out-performing the MATAG in terms of yield and nut characteristics with minimum yields per hectare of 40,000 nuts and eight tonnes copra. Amongst the Tall x Tall hybrids and pure lines of Tall, highest yields were achieved with Tagnanan followed by West African with yields of 24,190 and 23,514 nuts per hectare, respectively, adopting a planting density of 178 palms per hectare. The highest yielding Dwarf x Dwarf cross and self is the Aromatic Green (AGD) and CAMMA++, which provided a similar yield magnitude of 40,000 nuts per hectare planted at a density of 265 palms per hectare. However, as they had lower copra yield as dry nut and lower water content as fresh nut, Dwarf x Dwarf was not the desired commercial planting material. Hence, the breeding programme emphasized in the creation of Dwarf x Tall hybrids aimed at exploiting the large nut size from the tall and high nut number from the dwarf. Amongst the hybrids evaluated in UPB, MATAG hybrid though with lower nut yields had 53.9% higher copra yields per hectare than both AGD and CAMMA making it at present the preferable choice for commercial planting. Newer hybrids are currently being evaluated which shows promise of similar nut yield but improved nut characteristics. The commercial seednut production field is confined to a block of 25 hectares and is operated by the Research Department with a maximum production capacity of 110,000 saleable hybrid seednuts (4 months old) germinated seednuts per year. With escalation in costs of inputs and wages, the cost of seednut production has risen to RM30 per seednut in 2014. However, with good agricultural management practices complementing the superior hybrid planting materials, the production cost of a mature coconut from the plantations is relatively low, thus ensuring a sustained profitability of the coconut plantations in United Plantations Berhad.
Status of Coconut Farming and the Associated Challenges in Kenya Pole, Finyange N.; Masha, E.; Muniu, F. K.; Nguma, B.; Mohammed, N.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (873.616 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.79

Abstract

Coconuts (Cocos nucifera) have been grown in Coastal Kenya for many centuries and are an integral part of the farming systems in the region. Over 80% of the coastal farm households derive their livelihoods either directly or indirectly from the coconut tree that is considered as both cash and a food crop. The coconut tree on the other hand has a tremendous potential of helping Kenya’s poor in the coastal region and the rest of the country due to its multi-purpose uses that can be strategically harnessed to generate employment and income, reduce edible oil imports and generate foreign exchange for the country. The tree population stands at 7.5 million palms. Nut production is however very low (a minimum of 30 nuts per tree per year) owing to a number of challenges that include high incidences of pests and diseases, poor agronomic practices, low quality planting materials and a narrow genetic base. In order to address the major challenge of coconut pests, a baseline survey was undertaken in the major coconut producing counties of coastal lowland Kenya, targeting the smallholder coconut farmers. A total 170 farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A literature review was also conducted to contextualize and benchmark findings of the survey. Results showed that the rhinoceros beetle was the major pest on coconut trees, causing damage of up to 80% of the palms. The Coreid bug (Pseudotheraptus wayi) and the Eriophyid mites (Aceria guerreronis) were the major nut destructive pests with a resultant nut loss of 30% and 40% respectively. The study stresses the need to address the challenges posed by pests and diseases on coconut by adopting the Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) practices.

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