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All Journal Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Berkala Penelitian Agronomi CORD Buletin Palma
Ismail Maskromo
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Manado
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science

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KERAGAMAN FENOTIPE DAN GENETIK TIGA VARIETAS KELAPA GENJAH KOPYOR ASAL PATI JAWA TENGAH MASKROMO, ISMAIL; TENDA, ELSJE T.; TULALO, MEITY A.; NOVARIANTO, HENGKY; SUKMA, DEWI; SUKENDAH, SUKENDAH; SUDARSONO, SUDARSONO
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAKKelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati, Jawa Tengah merupakankekayaaan hayati asli Indonesia dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Informasikeragaman genetik kelapa kopyor masih terbatas. Data keragamanmorfologi dan genetik diperlukan dalam program pemuliaan kelapakopyor. Penelitian ini mempelajari keragaman tiga varietas kelapa genjahkopyor asal Pati yang telah dilepas berdasarkan karakter morfologi,kuantitas endosperma, dan keragaman alel marka SSR. Penelitiandilakukan di Pati dan di Laboratorium Plant Molecular Biology,Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadaptiga populasi kelapa Genjah kopyor (hijau, coklat, dan kuning) dengan 30tanaman sampel untuk setiap populasi. Rataan data morfologi digunakanuntuk menyusun dendogram. Kuantitas endosperma diamati pada satubuah kelapa kopyor per tanaman yang dievaluasi. Karakteristikendosperma dikelompokkan sesuai kategori yang telah ditetapkan. Untuksetiap populasi, analisis marka dengan lima pasang primer SSR dilakukanpada 10 tanaman sampel. Data yang didapat digunakan untuk menentukankeragaman genetik kelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati. Hasil pengamatanmenunjukkan keragaman morfologis dan alel SSR antar tanaman dalamvarietasnya (keragaman intra-varietas) rendah. Sebaliknya, keragamanmorfologis dan alel SSR antar varietasnya tinggi. Kuantitas endospermakelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati bervariasi antara skor 1–6. Keragamangenetik yang rendah dalam varietas dan tinggi antar ketiga varietas (coklat,hijau, dan kuning) memperkuat pelepasan ketiganya sebagai varietas lokal.Selain itu, keragaman genetik antar tanaman dalam varietas yang rendahmendukung penggunaan ketiga varietas lokal sebagai tetua dalam programperakitan varietas kelapa kopyor unggul baru. Tetua yang dipilih dapatdiseleksi intra-varietas berdasarkan persentase buah kopyor per tandandan skor kuantitas endosperma yang tinggi.Kata kunci: Keragaman morfologis, keragaman intra dan antar varietas,kuantitas endospermaABSTRACTKopyor dwarf coconuts are mutants from Pati, Central Java havinghigh economic values. However, morphological and genetic diversities ofthis coconut were still limited. Morphological and genetic diversity dataare needed for breeding program. The research objectives were to evaluateintra and inter-specific diversity based on morphology, endospermquantity, and SSR alleles. Field evaluations were conducted in Pati whilelaboratory activities were at Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. Three populations ofkopyor dwarf varieties (brown, green, and yellow) were evaluated. Thirtytrees were sampled for each population. The average of morphologicaldata were used to construct cluster analysis. Endosperm quantity wasscored (0 – 9) based on a single nut sample. Ten palms were analyzedusing five SSR loci for each population and used to determine geneticdiversity of populations. Results of observations indicated intra-varietymorphological and SSR allele variations among kopyor dwarf was low.However, inter-variety variations were high. The endosperm quantityscores among kopyor dwarf coconut ranged from 1–6. The low intra-variety and high inter-variety variations among the three kopyor dwarfcoconut supported their release as different local varieties. Moreover, thelow intra-variety phenotypic and genotypic diversities among kopyorbrown, green, and yellow dwarf coconut support their use as parents fornew and superior kopyor coconut variety development in the future. Forsuch purpose, however, it is necessary to conduct intra-variety selection toidentify desirable parents based on high kopyor fruit percentage per bunchand for high kopyor endosperm quantity.Key words: Morphological diversity, intra and inter variety diversities,quantity, endosperm
KORELASI DAN ANALISIS LINTAS ANTARA KARAKTER AGRONOMI DENGAN HASIL PADA PINANG EMAS (ARECA CATECHU L.) [CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS BETWEEN AGRONOMY CHARACTERS OF PINANG EMAS (ARECA CATECHU L.) WITH YIELD ] Miftahorrachman, nFN; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Maskromo, Ismail
Buletin Palma Vol 20, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v20n1.2019.1-9

Abstract

Pinang Emas is a new high yielding variety of arecanut, is resulted from positive mass selection of arecanuts population in Kota Kotamobagu, North Sulawesi Province. The study was purposing to estimate the correlation between vegetative, generative and fruit  component characters to yield of Pinang Emas. The research was conducted in The Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, Indonesia Coconut Palm Research Institue, North Sulwesi, from January to December 2018. Path analysis of 21 characters using formula of Singh and Chaudary. The results of simple correlation analysis produce 25 relationships, most of which are relationships among the fruit component characters and there is no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). The results of a simple correlation analysis resulted in 25 relationships, most of which were relationships between fruit component characters and there was no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). Path analysis of six characters of fruit component showed only character of polar length of unhusked fruit (PPBTS) has direct effect to weight of fruit with value of r= 0.56 and indirect effect of BBBTS through PPBTS caharacter. The benefit of this research is that the character of PPBTS can be used as a selection criterion for the improvement of the production of Pinang Emas.ABSTRAKPinang Emas merupakan varietas unggul baru pinang,  sebagai hasil seleksi massa positif dari tetua yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter vegetatif, generatif dan komponen buah dengan produksi buah varietas Pinang Emas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Kayuwatu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Sulawesi Utara, mulai bulan  Januari sampai Desember 2018. Analisa sidik lintas 21 karakter vegetatif, generatif serta komponen buah terhadap karakter jumlah buah per tandan menggunakan rumus dari Singh dan Chaudary. Hasil analisis korelasi sederhana menghasilkan 25 hubungan, sebagian besar adalah hubungan antar karakter komponen buah dan tidak terdapat korelasi dengan jumlah buah per tandan (JBT). Hasil analisis sidik lintas tujuh karakter komponen buah, hanya karakter panjang polar buah tanpa sabut (PPBTS) yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat buah utuh (BBU) dengan nilai r=0.56, dan pengaruh tidak langsung karakter BBBPTS melalui karakter PPBTS. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah karakter PPBTS dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan produksi Pinang Emas.  
Potensi Hasil dan Keragaman Fenotipik Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) Sulawesi Tenggara Fatsan, Ahmad; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Dinarti, Diny; Maskromo, Ismail
Berkala Penelitian Agronomi Vol 8, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33772/bpa.v8i2.14544

Abstract

Aren adalah salah satu jenis palma yang penyebarannya sangat luas di Indonesia, termasuk di provinsi SulawesiTenggara. Pohon aren memiliki banyak manfaat mulai dari akar sampai daun. Bunga aren berbentuk mayang denganuntaian yang berlapis-lapis. Pengamatan fenotipik dan potensi nira aren dilakukan di tiga Kabupaten yaitu Muna, KolakaTimur dan Bombana.Pengamatan potensi aren Sulawesi Tenggara dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel 5 pohonaren di Kabupaten Muna, Kolaka Timur dan Bombana. Parameter karakter fenotipik meliputi lingkar batang dankomponen buah serta potensi poduksi. Hasil uji t-test pengamatan fenotipik aren Sulawesi Tenggara menunjukkanperbedaan yang signifikan pada karakter-karakter fase generatif, terutama aren Muna. Aren Bombana memiliki %brix20.6% lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan aren Muna dan Kolaka Timur. Produksi rata-rata nira Muna lebih tinggidibandingkan kabupaten lainnya dengan rata-rata produksi23.64 l/mayang/hari sedangkan produksi rata-rata arenSulawesi Tenggara 20.65-23.64 l/mayang/hari.Kata kunci : Aren, Brix, Fenotipik, Generatif,Mayang, Nira
KARAKTERISTIK AGROMORFOLOGI DAN POLA PEWARISAN WARNA PELEPAH DAUN BIBIT KELAPA PADA PERAKITAN VARIETAS KELAPA HIBRIDA TIPE BARU Romadhon, Muhammad Roiyan; Mahayu, Weda Makarti; Miftahorrachman, nFn; Maskromo, Ismail
Buletin Palma Vol 22, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v22n2.2021.63-72

Abstract

Tipe kelapa Dalam pada umumnya memiliki pola menyerbuk silang, sedangkan kelapa genjah pada umumnya menyerbuk sendiri. Persilangan Kelapa Genjah x Kelapa Dalam akan mewariskan sifat heterosis pada turunan F1, dan tingkat heterosis tergantung daya gabung kedua tetuanya. Keberhasilan persilangan Genjah x Dalam pada tingkat bibit dapat dilihat dari pelepah daun bibit F1 berdasarkan warna kecambah/pelepah bibit kedua tetuanya. Warna kuning bersifat resesif terhadap warna hijau dan coklat, sedangkan warna merah bersifat dominan terhadap warna hijau dan kuning. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk  memperoleh informasi tentang pola pewarisan beberapa karakter kualitatif pada tanaman kelapa hasil persilangan pada fase bibit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persilangan antara GMM  x DTA, GMM x DBI, dan GMM x DPU menghasilkan anakan 100% berwarna cokelat yang dikendalikan oleh gen RrGg, sedangkan persilangan antara GKM x DTA, GKM x DBI, dan GKM x DPU menghasilkan anakan 100% berwarna hijau (rrGg). Pemilihan tetua betina untuk perakitan hibrida kelapa sebaiknya menggunakan pohon yang berwarna hijau karena akan menghasilkan turunan yang mudah ditelusuri jika terjadi kontaminasi polen. 
Lampanah Local Tall-A High Yielding Variety for Replanting Coconut in Tsunami Affected Aceh Province Area Novarianto, Hengky; Maskromo, Ismail; Tulalo, Meity A.; Kumaunang, Jeanette; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Sulistyowati, Emy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (194.32 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v33i2.47

Abstract

Aceh province is one of major coconut producing areas in Indonesia. In 2013 coconut areas in Aceh province was 107,654 ha in which total production of copra was equivalent to 63,743 tons. The entire coconut area in Aceh belong to smallholders. The coconut production in this area began to decrease in 2005 by an average of 9 percent per year, which was mainly caused by the tsunami. This had resulted in damage to many crops. Efforts to increase production and productivity of coconut plantation in Aceh needed rejuvenation of the old or unproductive coconut palms with the use of seeds of improved quality. Based on the results of the research conducted during 2014-2016, it is known that the origin of the Lampanah tall is passed from generation to generation and is a native of coconut in Aceh Besar Regent, Aceh Province. The morphology of Lampanah tall coconut comprising of the crown of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits in general is quite uniform. Of the data on the 23 quantitative characters, all have a value of coefficient of variance below 20%, except the character of 11 leaf scars obtained 23.29%. In the case of polar girth, Lampanah tall coconut is generally greater than the equatorial girth, fruit shape classified as round, egg-shaped and elliptic. The seednut of Lampanah tall generally round shape. The Lampanah tall coconut has the number of bunches at 13.35/palm and the number of fruit at 9.25 fruits/bunch or an average of 138 fruits/palm/ year. Fresh coconut meat weight is 449 g/nut or approximately 224 g copra/nut and the potential for copra production was 30.97 kg/palm/year or 3.80 tons of copra/ha/year. The fat content of Lampanah tall coconut was 66.40%, the water content of copra approximately 3.42% and protein at approximately 6.81%. Total saturated fatty acids was at 94.27%, medium chain saturated fatty acids at 67.21% and lauric acid content at 46.50%. The seed source of Lampanah tall coconut has been a selection of as much as 72 Selected Mother Palms (MAS) from a total of 407 palms of the High Yielding Block. The selected population is characterised with traits like copra yield more than 2.0 ton/ha/year, free from attack pests and diseases, number of bunch more than 12 per year, total nuts more than 7/bunch and weight of meat more than 400 g/nut. The MAS of Lampanah tall whole coconut has been marked using GPS. The Aceh government will build a minimum of 5 ha Coconut tall Seed Gardens on government land, as the development of source of Lampanah tall seednuts. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the Lampanah tall coconut with plenty of nuts, at an average of 138 nuts per palm could be released as one of the national high yielding coconut.
Pollen Dispersal and Pollination Patterns Studies in Pati Kopyor Coconut using Molecular Markers Larekeng, Siti Halimah; Maskromo, Ismail; Purwito, Agus; Matjik, Nurhayati Anshori; Sudarsono, S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 31 No 1 (2015): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (524.111 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v31i1.70

Abstract

Parentage analysis has been used to evaluate pollen dispersal in Kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Investigations were undertaken to elucidate (i) the dispersal of pollen, (ii) the rate of self and out-crossing pollination, and (iii) the distance of pollen travel in Pati kopyor coconut population. The finding of this activities should be beneficial to kopyor coconut farmers to increase their kopyor fruit harvest and to support breeding of this unique coconut mutant. As many as 84 progenies were harvested from 15 female parents. As many as 95 adults coconut provenances surrounding the female parents were analyses as the potential male parents for the progenies. The adult coconut palms were mapped according to their GPS position. All samples were genotyped using six SSR and four SNAP marker loci. Parentage analysis was done using CERVUS version 2.0 software. Results of the analysis indicated that evaluated markers were effective for assigning candidate male parents to all evaluated seedlings. There is no specific direction of donated pollen movement from assigned donor parents to the female ones. The donated pollens could come from assigned male parents in any directions relative to the female parent positions. Cross pollination occured in as many as 82.1% of the progenies analyzed. Outcrossing among tall by tall (TxT), dwarf by dwarf (DxD), hybrid by hybrid (HxH), TxD, DxT, TxH, DxH, and HxD were observed. Self-pollination (TxT and DxD) occurred in as many as 17.9% of the progenies. The dwarf coconut was not always self pollinated. The presence of DxD, TxD, and HxD outcrossing was also observed. The donated pollens could come from pollen donor in a range of at least 0-58 m apart from the evaluated female recipients. Therefore, in addition to the wind, insect pollinators may have played an important role in Kopyor coconut pollination.
Production Technology for Kopyor Coconut Seednuts and Seedlings in Indonesia Novarianto, Hengky; Maskromo, Ismail; Sudarsono, S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (416.966 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.77

Abstract

Kopyor coconut is a naturally-occurring mutant having fluffy solid endosperm in stead of the normal one. Similar type of coconut has been found in several other Asian countries, with their distinct local names, such as Macapuno (Philippines), Makhrao Kathi (Thailand), Dikiri Pol (Sri Lanka), Thairu Thengai (India). It is a delicacy coconut to Indonesian and sells as much as ten times higher than normal coconut. In nature, three types of kopyor coconut exist in Indonesia: kopyor tall, kopyor dwarf, and kopyor hybrid. There are three kopyor dwarf varieties (‘Pati Kopyor Green Dwarf’, ‘Kopyor Yellow Dwarf’ and ‘Kopyor Brown Dwarf’) officially released, and one registered tall variety (‘Puan Kalianda Kopyor Tall’). In general, kopyor fruit yield under natural conditions is only < 25% of the total harvested fruits for both the tall and the dwarf types. Traditionally, Indonesian farmers harvest kopyor fruits at ten months after pollination while normal fruits at 11 months. They use the harvested normal fruits for propagation; but cannot guarantee whether or not they would produce korpyor fruit. Adoption of kopyor seedling production through embryo culture has been done. However, the seedling production is slow, while the price is very expensive, thus unaffordable to common farmers. Indonesian Palm Research Institute and Bogor Agricultural University have collaborated to develop alternative approaches to increase kopyor fruit production through the production of seedling that would ensure to produce korpyor fruit through control pollination. Initiated since 2010, the activities successfully overcome uncertainty in kopyor seedling production. Moreover, hybridization among local superior coconut varieties and known kopyor one have been done to broaden genetic background of kopyor trait and to develop breeding population for new kopyor varieties in the future. Overview and update of research progress on korpyor in Indonesia are presented in this paper.
Software Development of Palm Oil Seed Authentication System Based on Ultrasonic Waves Pratopo, Lukito Hasta; Thoriq, Ahmad; Ciptaningtyas, Drupadi; Nanda, Muhammad Achirul; Fahrizi, Ahmad Luthfi; Hidayat, Darmawan; Masrukan; Maskromo, Ismail
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.013.1.115-131

Abstract

Fake palm oil seeds pose a substantial economic threat, which makes their authentication crucial. However, distinguishing between genuine and fake seeds remains a challenge. This study explored the potential of ultrasonic technology to measure shell thickness as a distinguishing factor based on the reported variations between the two types. Ultrasonic wave measurement software was developed using Arduino Uno to facilitate the analysis. The results highlight the complexity of accurately measuring the seed shell thickness owing to high attenuation. Micro-CT imaging confirmed the presence of pores within the seed structure, which significantly scattered and absorbed ultrasonic waves, limiting the penetration depth and accuracy. Despite these obstacles, the developed software exhibited promising capabilities, accurately determining the thickness or propagation speed with a high-resolution time-of-flight measurement of up to 62.5 nanoseconds. Additionally, the software is capable of sampling ultrasonic signals at frequencies up to 178 kHz. Although the software performs well under specific conditions, further advancements in ultrasonic technology are necessary to mitigate porosity-related limitations and enhance the effectiveness of seed authentication methods, particularly in transducer selection and measurement techniques such as Harmonic or QSC testing.
Seleksi Pendonor Serbuk Sari Sifat Kuantitas Endosperma Skor Tinggi pada Kelapa dalam Kopyor Rahayu, Megayani Sri; Setiawan, Asep; Maskromo, Ismail; Purwito, Agus; Sudarsono, dan
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 47 No. 1 (2019): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (436.174 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v47i1.21116

Abstract

Endosperm quantity in kopyor coconut determines the quality of kopyor coconut. However, data of the best parental based on their progeny test is unavailable yet. In this study, we employed polycross approach and SSR molecular marker to estimate general combining ability of the best pollen contributor for the breeding purpose of this trait. Totally 151 kopyor coconuts were collected from the naturally open-pollinated population of kopyor Tall coconut Agom Lampung. The harvested nuts were rated for their endosperm quantity (scored 1-9). The analysis identified 31 paternal trees of the 53 progenies. The TJ-185 with the highest GCA has been considered as a promising paternal tree for development of high endosperm quantity of kopyor coconut.Keywords: combining ability, molecular marker, paternal trees, polycross, tall coconut
Co-Authors Agus Purwito Ahmad Thoriq Asep Setiawan Budi Santosa Budi Santosa Darmawan Hidayat, Darmawan Dewi Sukma Diny Dinarti Donata S Pandin Drupadi Ciptaningtyas ELSJE T. TENDA, ELSJE T. Elsje Tenda Emy Sulistyowati ENGELBERT MANAROINSONG, ENGELBERT Fahrizi, Ahmad Luthfi Fatsan, Ahmad Hengky Novarianto Hosang, Meldy JEANETTE KUMAUNANG, JEANETTE Mahayu, Weda Makarti Masrukan Masrukan Matjik, Nurhayati Anshori Mawardi, Sukmawati Megayani Sri Rahayu MEITY A. TULALO, MEITY A. Miftahorrachman, nFN Miftahorrachman, nFn Nanda, Muhammad Achirul Nugroho Utomo Pradhana, Adhitya Yudha Pratopo, Lukito Hasta RINDENGAN BARLINA, RINDENGAN Romadhon, Muhammad Roiyan S. Sudarsono Santosa, Budi SITI HALIMAH LAREKENG, SITI HALIMAH Steivie Karouw Sudarsono Sudarsono, dan SUKENDAH SUKENDAH, SUKENDAH Tenda, Elsje Tineke Tulalo, Meity Aneke WEDA MAKARTI MAHAYU, WEDA MAKARTI