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Steivie Karouw
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PEMANFAATAN STEARIN SAWIT DAN MINYAK KELAPA UNTUK FORMULASI ASAM LEMAK MIRIP ASI KAROUW, STEIVIE
Perspektif Vol 13, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v13n2.2014.%p

Abstract

ABSTRAKAir Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan sumber gizi pokok bagi bayi, tetapi sebagian ibu pasca melahirkan tidak dapat memberikan ASI dan menggantikannya dengan susu formula. Perbedaan karakter utama antara lemak ASI dan susu formula yaitu distribusi asam lemak terutama pada posisi sn-2. Asam lemak utama pada posisi sn-2 ASI  adalah  asam  palmitat,  sedangkan  pada  susu formula asam palmitat teresterifikasi pada posisi sn-1 dan sn-3. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menghasilkan trigliserida baru yang memiliki profil asam lemak mirip ASI atau Human Milk Fat analog (HMF analog) dengan ciri komposisi palmitat tinggi pada  sn-2.  Pembuatan  HMF  analog  telah  dilakukan dengan proses interesterifikasi enzimatis menggunakan enzim yang   spesifik   mengkatalisis posisi  sn-1,3  dari  triasilgliserol  seperti  lipase  dari Rhizomucor miehei. Sintesis HMF analog menggunakan sumber asam palmitat dari tripalmitin dan lemak babi yang  diketahui  mengandung  asam  palmitat  tinggi pada  posisi  sn-2.  Stearin  sawit  mengandung  asam lemak   palmitat   yang   sebagian   besar (41,7  %) teresterifikasi   pada   posisi   sn-2,   sehingga   sangat potensial  digunakan  sebagai  sumber  asam  palmitat untuk sintesis HMF analog. Pada posisi sn-1 dan sn-3 dari HMF analog selanjutnya dapat diesterifikasi asam lemak rantai medium dari minyak kelapa. Asam laurat merupakan  asam  rantai  medium  dengan  proporsi tertinggi pada minyak kelapa.Kata kunci: HMF analog, stearin sawit, minyak kelapa, asam palmitat, asam laurat ABSTRACTHuman milk fat contains high percentage of palmitic acid, that predominantly located in the sn-2 position of the triglycerides. Meanwhile infant formulas contain palmitic acid predominantly in sn-1,3 positions.  In recent years, there  has been a considerable researchs conducted  on  structured  lipids  contain  fatty  acid profile similar to that of human milk which is called Human  Milk  Fat  analog  (HMF  analog).  Generally, tripalmitin or lard oil were used as sources of palmitic acid in sn-2 position. Palmitic acid is the major fatty acid in palm stearin, in which 41.7 % mainly located in the sn-2 position. Thus, palm stearin is a good source of  palmitic  acid  to  synthesis  HMF  analog.  Then, medium chain fatty acids isolated from coconut oil could be esterified in sn-1 and sn-3 position of HMF analog. Lauric acid was the main fatty acid in coconut oil.Keywords:  HMF  analog,  palm  stearin,  coconut  oil, palmitic acid, lauric acid
Quality of Coconut Oil using Fruit of Dwarf Coconut Karouw, Steivie; Indrawanto, Chandra; Novarianto, Hengky
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 31 No 2 (2015): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (257.732 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v31i2.57

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study processing of coconut oil which focused on evaluation of the quality of oil by using fruit of several Dwarf coconut as raw materials. The varieties used were Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), Raja Brown Dwarf (RBD) and Bali Yellow Dwarf (BYD). The oil was extracted through the wet process by heating technique. The coconut oil volume was measured and evaluated for its fatty acids profile, free fatty acid contents, moisture content, color, smell and taste. The by-products such as coconut residue and blondo were measured, too. The results showed that processing of oil from 200 Dwarf nuts produced 7.1-8.4 L. The highest volume of oil (8.4 L) was resulted from SGD. The oil was generally having high medium chain fatty acid around 58.50-62.32% including lauric acid at 46.82-48.46%. The oil made from fruits of SGD contained the highest lauric acid around 48.46%, followed by RBD and BYD reaching 48.06% and 46.82%, respectively. It had a good smell, and fatty acid and moisture content were in accord with Indonesian National Standard. The coconut oil processed using the fruit of the SGD and RBD has a clear white color, while the BYD having clear yellow in color, like corn oil.
Fatty Acids Profile, Oxidative and Hydrolysis Stability of Virgin Coconut Oil and Palm Stearin Based Human Milk Fat Analog Karouw, Steivie; Suparmo; Hastuti, Pudji; Utami, Tyas
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (506.191 KB) | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v30i2.71

Abstract

The objectives of the research are to evaluate fatty acids profile, oxidative and hydrolysis stability of human milk fat (HMF) analog by using virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm stearin as raw materials. The HMF analog was synthesized through enzymatic interesterification catalyzed by lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The fatty acid profiles of interesterification products were monitored using gas chromatography. Oxidative stability test was carried out for up to 72 hours at 60oC. The peroxide value was measured during 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of storage duration. Hydrolysis stability test was held for up to 8 days at room temperature. The free fatty acid content was monitored during 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days of storage. The results showed that the resulted HMF analog having high percentage of palmitic acid in the sn-2 position, similar to that of HMF. The palmitic acid content in the sn-2 position was around 39.71%. The MCFAs were esterified in the sn-1 and sn-3 position and the main fatty acid constituent was lauric acid of 39.37%. The obtained HMF analog was stable to oxidative and hydrolysis deterioration as indicated by the peroxide value and free fatty acid content during storage.
Co-Authors Chandra Indrawanto ENGELBERT MANAROINSONG, ENGELBERT Hengky Novarianto Ismail Maskromo Nugroho Utomo Pradhana, Adhitya Yudha Pudji Hastuti RINDENGAN BARLINA, RINDENGAN Suparmo Tyas Utami