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KERAGAMAN FENOTIPE DAN GENETIK TIGA VARIETAS KELAPA GENJAH KOPYOR ASAL PATI JAWA TENGAH MASKROMO, ISMAIL; TENDA, ELSJE T.; TULALO, MEITY A.; NOVARIANTO, HENGKY; SUKMA, DEWI; SUKENDAH, SUKENDAH; SUDARSONO, SUDARSONO
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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ABSTRAKKelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati, Jawa Tengah merupakankekayaaan hayati asli Indonesia dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Informasikeragaman genetik kelapa kopyor masih terbatas. Data keragamanmorfologi dan genetik diperlukan dalam program pemuliaan kelapakopyor. Penelitian ini mempelajari keragaman tiga varietas kelapa genjahkopyor asal Pati yang telah dilepas berdasarkan karakter morfologi,kuantitas endosperma, dan keragaman alel marka SSR. Penelitiandilakukan di Pati dan di Laboratorium Plant Molecular Biology,Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadaptiga populasi kelapa Genjah kopyor (hijau, coklat, dan kuning) dengan 30tanaman sampel untuk setiap populasi. Rataan data morfologi digunakanuntuk menyusun dendogram. Kuantitas endosperma diamati pada satubuah kelapa kopyor per tanaman yang dievaluasi. Karakteristikendosperma dikelompokkan sesuai kategori yang telah ditetapkan. Untuksetiap populasi, analisis marka dengan lima pasang primer SSR dilakukanpada 10 tanaman sampel. Data yang didapat digunakan untuk menentukankeragaman genetik kelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati. Hasil pengamatanmenunjukkan keragaman morfologis dan alel SSR antar tanaman dalamvarietasnya (keragaman intra-varietas) rendah. Sebaliknya, keragamanmorfologis dan alel SSR antar varietasnya tinggi. Kuantitas endospermakelapa Genjah kopyor asal Pati bervariasi antara skor 1â6. Keragamangenetik yang rendah dalam varietas dan tinggi antar ketiga varietas (coklat,hijau, dan kuning) memperkuat pelepasan ketiganya sebagai varietas lokal.Selain itu, keragaman genetik antar tanaman dalam varietas yang rendahmendukung penggunaan ketiga varietas lokal sebagai tetua dalam programperakitan varietas kelapa kopyor unggul baru. Tetua yang dipilih dapatdiseleksi intra-varietas berdasarkan persentase buah kopyor per tandandan skor kuantitas endosperma yang tinggi.Kata kunci: Keragaman morfologis, keragaman intra dan antar varietas,kuantitas endospermaABSTRACTKopyor dwarf coconuts are mutants from Pati, Central Java havinghigh economic values. However, morphological and genetic diversities ofthis coconut were still limited. Morphological and genetic diversity dataare needed for breeding program. The research objectives were to evaluateintra and inter-specific diversity based on morphology, endospermquantity, and SSR alleles. Field evaluations were conducted in Pati whilelaboratory activities were at Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. Three populations ofkopyor dwarf varieties (brown, green, and yellow) were evaluated. Thirtytrees were sampled for each population. The average of morphologicaldata were used to construct cluster analysis. Endosperm quantity wasscored (0 â 9) based on a single nut sample. Ten palms were analyzedusing five SSR loci for each population and used to determine geneticdiversity of populations. Results of observations indicated intra-varietymorphological and SSR allele variations among kopyor dwarf was low.However, inter-variety variations were high. The endosperm quantityscores among kopyor dwarf coconut ranged from 1â6. The low intra-variety and high inter-variety variations among the three kopyor dwarfcoconut supported their release as different local varieties. Moreover, thelow intra-variety phenotypic and genotypic diversities among kopyorbrown, green, and yellow dwarf coconut support their use as parents fornew and superior kopyor coconut variety development in the future. Forsuch purpose, however, it is necessary to conduct intra-variety selection toidentify desirable parents based on high kopyor fruit percentage per bunchand for high kopyor endosperm quantity.Key words: Morphological diversity, intra and inter variety diversities,quantity, endosperm

STUDI PERAKITAN KELAPA HIBRIDA GSK x DMT BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD (RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA) Runtunuwu, Semuel D.; Novarianto, Hengky; Tampake, Heldering; Lengkong, Edy F.
EUGENIA Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35791/eug.14.1.2008.7431

ABSTRACT Â Runtunuwu, S.D. et al. 2008. Assembling Hybrid Coconut of GSK x DMT Based on RAPD (RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA) Marker. Eugenia 14 (1) : 134-152. Â The aimed of this research was : 1. assembling hybrid coconut GSK x DMT (Genjah Salak x Dalam Mapanget) that seeds growth was relatifly homogeneous based on RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker and 2. to found the assembling method of hybrid coconut that will produce massive seeds relatifely short time will homogeneous plant. It was 65 individu trees observe for the average of famale flower per bunch. The result was 25 individu of coconut GSK has the average flower production > 40 per bunch was analyze the homogeneous genetic with the RAPD marker. Based on the analyze RAPD that were 25 individu of GSK coconut trees have the same genetic average 88 % and 14 individu among that was 100 % have same genetic. Further more that 14 individu of GSK was crossing with the 3 individu of DMT that have high yield per year its was DMT 1188, 1172 and 781. Based on the evaluation for the color of buds, high of buds, the steam circle, the petiole color and the germination time of hybrid coconut seeds from the crossing of GSK x DMT 1188 produce more thanÂ Â Â 70 % seeds that have same genetic, also for crossing of GSK x DMT 1172 have 9 combination and have more than 70 % that same genetic, 10 combination from crossing GSK x DMT 781 have more than 80 % same seeds growth. Therefore, using the RAPD marker were successfully produced 28 crossing of the hybrid coconut GSK x DMT that have relatifly homogeneous seeds growth. Â Keywords : assembling, hybrid coconut GSK x DMT, RAPD.

SELEKSI DAN HIBRIDISASI LONTAR [SELECTION AND HYBRIDIZATION OF PALMYRA] Tulalo, Meity; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Mahayasa, Nyoman; Wagiman, Fransiskus Xaverius; Novarianto, Hengky
Buletin Palma Vol 21, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v21n1.2020.38-46

Palmyra palm (Borassus flaballifer, L) is a specific crop in dry climate dry land. The purpose of this research is to select the male and female parent Palmyra trees, hybridization, germination and nursery of Palmyra hybrids. The research was carried out on Sabu Island, Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2017 to 2018. The research method was carried out by determining the population of lontar, followed by selection of female and male palm trees, experiments on collecting male flowers and pollen processing on male Palmyra trees. In the female palm tree, fruit bunches are selected that have not been receptive, when receptive and hybridization until the fruit is physiologically ripe, the pollination is controlled using a spout. The results of the selection of the parent palm trees obtained 28 selected parent trees female Palmyra and 12 selected parent trees male Palmyra. The average height of female selected parent trees is 6.67 m and male selected parent trees are 5.08 m. The observations found that the diversity of the number of female flowers between 9-35 fruits/bunches The percentage of fruit so this artificial cross is 54.90%. Mature fruits ready-to-harvest are obtained around 5-6 months after pollination. As many as 77.20% of the hybrid Palmyra palm seeds that are germinated grow and are ready to be planted at 7 months after germination. ABSTRAKTanaman lontar (Borassus flaballifer, L) merupakan tanaman spesifik di lahan kering iklim kering. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan seleksi pohon induk lontar jantan dan betina, melakukan hibridisasi, perkecambahan dan pembibitan lontar Hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di pulau Sabu, Kabupaten Sabu Raijua, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur sejak tahun 2017 sampai 2018. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menetapkan populasi lontar, seleksi pohon induk lontar betina dan jantan dilanjutkan dengan pengumpulan bunga jantan serta prosesing polen. Pada pohon lontar betina dilakukan seleksi tandan buah yang belum reseptif, saat reseptif dan hibridisasi sampai buah matang fisiologis melalui penyerbukan secara terkontrol menggunakan kerodong. Hasil seleksi pohon induk lontar diperoleh 28 pohon induk terpilih (PIT) lontar betina dan 12 pohon induk terpilih (PIT) lontar jantan. Rata-rata tinggi pohon induk terpilih betina yaitu 6,67 m dan pohon induk terpilih jantan 5,08 m. Hasil pengamatan ditemukan keragaman jumlah bunga betina antara 9-35 buah/tandan. Persentase buah jadi persilangan buatan ini adalah 54,90%. Buah matang siap panen diperoleh sekitar 5-6 bulan sejak polinasi. Sebanyak 77,20% dari benih Lontar hibrida yang dikecambahkan tumbuh dan siap ditanam pada umur 7 bulan setelah dikecambahkan.

Lampanah Local Tall-A High Yielding Variety for Replanting Coconut in Tsunami Affected Aceh Province Area Novarianto, Hengky; Maskromo, Ismail; Tulalo, Meity A.; Kumaunang, Jeanette; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Sulistyowati, Emy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Aceh province is one of major coconut producing areas in Indonesia. In 2013 coconut areas in Aceh province was 107,654 ha in which total production of copra was equivalent to 63,743 tons. The entire coconut area in Aceh belong to smallholders. The coconut production in this area began to decrease in 2005 by an average of 9 percent per year, which was mainly caused by the tsunami. This had resulted in damage to many crops. Efforts to increase production and productivity of coconut plantation in Aceh needed rejuvenation of the old or unproductive coconut palms with the use of seeds of improved quality. Based on the results of the research conducted during 2014-2016, it is known that the origin of the Lampanah tall is passed from generation to generation and is a native of coconut in Aceh Besar Regent, Aceh Province. The morphology of Lampanah tall coconut comprising of the crown of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits in general is quite uniform. Of the data on the 23 quantitative characters, all have a value of coefficient of variance below 20%, except the character of 11 leaf scars obtained 23.29%. In the case of polar girth, Lampanah tall coconut is generally greater than the equatorial girth, fruit shape classified as round, egg-shaped and elliptic. The seednut of Lampanah tall generally round shape. The Lampanah tall coconut has the number of bunches at 13.35/palm and the number of fruit at 9.25 fruits/bunch or an average of 138 fruits/palm/ year. Fresh coconut meat weight is 449 g/nut or approximately 224 g copra/nut and the potential for copra production was 30.97 kg/palm/year or 3.80 tons of copra/ha/year. The fat content of Lampanah tall coconut was 66.40%, the water content of copra approximately 3.42% and protein at approximately 6.81%. Total saturated fatty acids was at 94.27%, medium chain saturated fatty acids at 67.21% and lauric acid content at 46.50%. The seed source of Lampanah tall coconut has been a selection of as much as 72 Selected Mother Palms (MAS) from a total of 407 palms of the High Yielding Block. The selected population is characterised with traits like copra yield more than 2.0 ton/ha/year, free from attack pests and diseases, number of bunch more than 12 per year, total nuts more than 7/bunch and weight of meat more than 400 g/nut. The MAS of Lampanah tall whole coconut has been marked using GPS. The Aceh government will build a minimum of 5 ha Coconut tall Seed Gardens on government land, as the development of source of Lampanah tall seednuts. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the Lampanah tall coconut with plenty of nuts, at an average of 138 nuts per palm could be released as one of the national high yielding coconut.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Kopyor Dwarf Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Miftahorrachman; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Novarianto, Hengky
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 1 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Breeding programs of kopyor dwarf coconut require a population base with high genetic diversity especially for characters that relate to fruit production. The study aims to determine the appearance of three kopyor dwarf coconuts from Pati District and correlations among 13 characters of Kopyor Green Dwarf, Kopyor brown dwarf, and Kopyor Yellow Dwarf and to study twelve vegetative and generative characters which directly and indirectly affect the number of fruits. The study was conducted at The Paniki Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi, Indonesia from August 2015 to February 2016. The design used was randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. Observed thirteen characters including number of bunches (NB), number of fruit (NF), number of leaves (NL), number of leaflets (NLL), width of leaflets (WLL), length of the leafleats (LLL), length of petiole (LP), width of petiole (WP), thick of petiole (TP), length of rachis (LR), length of leaf (LL), height of stem (HS), and girth of stem (GS). Path analysis among morphological characters to number of fruits was worked out using the formula of Singh and Chaudary. Results of variance analysis showed Kopyor Green Dwarf and Kopyor Brown Dwarf significantly differed from Kopyor Yellow Dwarf. Results of simple correlation analysis found no correlation among twelve characters with number of fruits for the three kopyor dwarf coconut, but the results of the path analysis of characters NL (r=0.5627), NLL (r=0.5920), HS (r=0.4861), and GS (r=0.6123) for the Kopyor Green Dwarf; NB (r=0.4241), LP (r =0.6390) , WP (r = 0.8705), LR (r = 0.5235), and LL (r = 0.6257) for the Kopyor Brown Dwarf; and WLL (r = 0.8413), LLL (r = 0.5617), TP (r = 0.5864), LR (r =1.5795), and LL (r = 1.0228) for the Kopyor Yellow Dwarf directly affect the number of fruits. These characters can be used for basic selection in breeding of kopyor coconut.

Quality of Coconut Oil using Fruit of Dwarf Coconut Karouw, Steivie; Indrawanto, Chandra; Novarianto, Hengky
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 31 No 2 (2015): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The purpose of this research was to study processing of coconut oil which focused on evaluation of the quality of oil by using fruit of several Dwarf coconut as raw materials. The varieties used were Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), Raja Brown Dwarf (RBD) and Bali Yellow Dwarf (BYD). The oil was extracted through the wet process by heating technique. The coconut oil volume was measured and evaluated for its fatty acids profile, free fatty acid contents, moisture content, color, smell and taste. The by-products such as coconut residue and blondo were measured, too. The results showed that processing of oil from 200 Dwarf nuts produced 7.1-8.4 L. The highest volume of oil (8.4 L) was resulted from SGD. The oil was generally having high medium chain fatty acid around 58.50-62.32% including lauric acid at 46.82-48.46%. The oil made from fruits of SGD contained the highest lauric acid around 48.46%, followed by RBD and BYD reaching 48.06% and 46.82%, respectively. It had a good smell, and fatty acid and moisture content were in accord with Indonesian National Standard. The coconut oil processed using the fruit of the SGD and RBD has a clear white color, while the BYD having clear yellow in color, like corn oil.

Production Technology for Kopyor Coconut Seednuts and Seedlings in Indonesia Novarianto, Hengky; Maskromo, Ismail; Sudarsono, S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 30 No 2 (2014): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Kopyor coconut is a naturally-occurring mutant having fluffy solid endosperm in stead of the normal one. Similar type of coconut has been found in several other Asian countries, with their distinct local names, such as Macapuno (Philippines), Makhrao Kathi (Thailand), Dikiri Pol (Sri Lanka), Thairu Thengai (India). It is a delicacy coconut to Indonesian and sells as much as ten times higher than normal coconut. In nature, three types of kopyor coconut exist in Indonesia: kopyor tall, kopyor dwarf, and kopyor hybrid. There are three kopyor dwarf varieties (‘Pati Kopyor Green Dwarf’, ‘Kopyor Yellow Dwarf’ and ‘Kopyor Brown Dwarf’) officially released, and one registered tall variety (‘Puan Kalianda Kopyor Tall’). In general, kopyor fruit yield under natural conditions is only < 25% of the total harvested fruits for both the tall and the dwarf types. Traditionally, Indonesian farmers harvest kopyor fruits at ten months after pollination while normal fruits at 11 months. They use the harvested normal fruits for propagation; but cannot guarantee whether or not they would produce korpyor fruit. Adoption of kopyor seedling production through embryo culture has been done. However, the seedling production is slow, while the price is very expensive, thus unaffordable to common farmers. Indonesian Palm Research Institute and Bogor Agricultural University have collaborated to develop alternative approaches to increase kopyor fruit production through the production of seedling that would ensure to produce korpyor fruit through control pollination. Initiated since 2010, the activities successfully overcome uncertainty in kopyor seedling production. Moreover, hybridization among local superior coconut varieties and known kopyor one have been done to broaden genetic background of kopyor trait and to develop breeding population for new kopyor varieties in the future. Overview and update of research progress on korpyor in Indonesia are presented in this paper.

Productivity of Three Dwarf Kopyor Coconut Varieties from Pati, Central Java, Indonesia Ismail Maskromo; Novarianto, Hengky; Sukendah; Sukma, Dewi; Sudarsono, S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 29 No 2 (2013): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut originated from Pati, Central Java is one of the Kopyor coconut populations from Indonesia. Three varieties of Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut, namely: Kopyor Green Dwarf, Kopyor Brown Dwarf and Kopyor Yellow Dwarf out of six potential varieties have been officially released as local superior varieties by the Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia at the end of 2010. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the stability of Kopyor fruit production among provenances of Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconuts. Evaluations were conducted especially for the three recently released varieties of Kopyor coconuts. Observations were carried out in 2011 and the collected data were then compared with Kopyor fruit production data collected in 2009 -2010. In three different locations, representatives of 10 Kopyor coconut provenances for each Kopyor variety were observed; therefore, a total of 90 trees were evaluated in this experiment. Observations were conducted for number of total bunches per palm, number of total fruits/per bunch, and the number of harvested Kopyor coconut fruits/per bunch. Three bunches were selected for each of the evaluated provenance. Results of the observation indicated that the observed yield and yield parameters of three Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut varieties fluctuated by the year of observations. However, in general the observed yield and yield parameters among three varieties were similar. The average number of total bunches observed among three varieties evaluated ranged from 9.6-12.1 bunches per palm; the average number of fruits/per bunch ranged from 5.3-12.4; and the average number of harvested Kopyor fruits/per bunch ranged from 2.0-3.8. The estimated number of total fruits/palm/year among the three varieties ranged from 53.8-128.1 and the percentage of Kopyor fruit production observed among the three varieties evaluated ranged from 24.8-38.9 %. The estimated number of total harvested Kopyor fruits/palm/year ranged from 20.5-39.2, respectively. Rainfall pattern might affect directly or indirectly toward yield and yield components of three Pati Dwarf Kopyor coconut varieties.

Preliminary Investigation of The Potential of Coconut Sugar Production Using Dwarf Varieties Novarianto, Hengky; Tulalo, Meity A.; Mawardi, Sukmawati
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 37 (2021): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v37i.444

Coconut sugar is one of the high economic value products. The production of coconut sugar In Indonesia is about 300,000 tonnes/year. During the last few years, the supply of raw materials for the coconut sugar product has diminished due to stagnant production caused by the lack of coconut climbers collecting coconut sap. The scarcity of labor is caused by several factors, especially young tappers who are less interested in climbing tall coconut palms. To solve this problem, it is necessary to evaluate the potency of dwarf coconuts, with short trunk and fast fruiting. The objective of this study was the evaluation and selection of Dwarf coconut varieties that have high yield potential as a producer of sap and coconut sugar. The research was conducted in North Sulawesi Province by evaluating 9 Dwarf coconut varieties. The results of research on the production of coconut sap and sugar from 9 Dwarf coconut varieties with different plant ages, gave mixed results among coconut varieties. The length of tapping sap varied between 31.42 - 43.21 days/bunch, the volume of sap varied between 1.1 - 3.3 liters/tree/day, the pH of sap ranged between 6.49 - 7.86 and the Brix value varied between 14.01 - 17.64. The most important traits such as the sap yield and sugar production also varied from 14.54 to 18.95% among varieties, and between 0.16 to 0.42 kg/tree/day respectively. The Dwarf coconut varieties with the highest potential yield of sap and sugar are the Waingapu Red Dwarf (WRD), Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), and Nias Yellow Dwarf (NYD), with the potential sugar yield of 2.09 tons, 1.64 tons, and 1.56 tons/month/ha respectively. It is hoped that these Dwarf coconut varieties would be attractive for young tapers and could be introduced to farmers in several Provinces for tapping purposes for the production of coconut sugar.

Estimating Coconut Production and Productivity of Local Tall in Taliabu Island Using Drone and Sampling Population Novarianto, Hengky
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 38 (2022): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v38i.453

The objective of this research is to know the local tall coconut population, production and productivity in Taliabu Island, North Maluku Province, which is crucial for the industry. The aerial photography method using drones has been carried out to determine the distribution of coconut diversity, palm age, production potential and local coconut productivity. Production data and coconut fruit components were carried out on 6 sample populations. The result (Arvitech) revealed that in Jorjoga, the area under coconut was 335 ha out of the surveyed area of 1,066 ha. The total number of coconut palms was 55.728 palms. The Geomac survey carried out in Tabona indicated there were 77,629 coconut palms in an area of 1,000 ha. The fruit component analysis showed the weight of the whole fruit and the fruit without husk at the Jorjoga was 1,340-1,629g/fruit, and 805-1,033g/seed nut, and in Tabona was 1,478-1,577g/fruit and 944-966g/seed nut. The coconut production potential at Jorjoga was 9,539 nuts/ha/year, higher than that of Tabona with 7,227 nuts/ha/year. The coconut production and productivity estimation information can be used to develop a coconut replanting and rehabilitation strategy wherein selected varieties with good attributes for the tall coconut can be planted and ensure their proper maintenance, thus can be used to estimate the need for raw materials required for the establishment of the coconut industry in Taliabu Island. Determining the coconut population status can increase the production and productivity of coconut palms through rejuvenation, rehabilitation and expansion of coconut plantations using superior tall coconut seedlings.

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