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Published by International Coconut Community

ISSN : 02151162 EISSN : 27218856 DOI : 10.37833/cord

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 390 Documents

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Eco-friendly Traps to Control Sexapa sp. Meldy L.A. Hosang
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 26 No 1 (2010): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The indigenous insect, Sexava sp. causes serious damage to coconut palms/plantations in some provinces of Indonesia. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate the performance of three types of eco-friendly Balitka MLA-traps, standing alone and in combination with insect glue (fly glue and tangle foot). Balitka MLA trap was designed to capture the Sexava spp. especially during the night when they move from one place to another through the coconut trunk. The traps made from black cloth, insect glue, metal wire, and yarn were fixed on the coconut trunks at 1 – 1.5 M height. Three different types of traps namely Balitka MLA Trap A, B, and C were developed and evaluated. The study found that trap type C captured nymphs and adult of 1 – 7 nymphs/palm/day or 30-210 nymphs/palm/month. The trap also enabled natural enemies such as spiders and lizards to catch the snared pests easily. A total of 106 to 131 nymphs were caught by tangle foot and insect glue respectively after 3 months of fixing the traps in the field. These traps could potentially be used together with a biological control method to replace the use of insecticides in Sexava-infested areas. This study was conducted in Talaud District, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia from 2006 to 2007. Based on the study results, and considering the simplicity and eco-friendliness of the trap type C, it is recommended that it be used in coconut plantations to bring down the population of this insect pest, Sexava sp. and thereby control its damage to coconut palms.

Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) on Coconut + Lanzones (Lansium domesticum Corr) Agro-ecosystem in Southern Mindanao, Philippines (1993 – 2007): with Emphasis on the Multi-Nutrient Coconut-Specific Mineral Fertilizer*. Part II. Influence on Le Severino S. Magat
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

A 15- year (1993-2007) long-term integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) study on coconut (‘Laguna’ tall variety) + lanzones fruit tree (‘Paete’ variety) agro-ecosystem was conducted using five fertilizer combinations (FCs) in a dominantly tropical wet climate growing zone (Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification, Kottek et al 2006) of Davao, Southern Mindanao, Philippines (07o05’N 125o37’E. One of the objectives of the study was to determine the response of this agro-ecosystem to the combined application of inorganic multinutrient fertilizer (MNF): N+P+K+Cl+S+B (14% N-5% P2O5-20% K2O, with 15.5% Cl, 4.5% S and 0.02% B) and organic fertilizer sources at different ratios by weight by tree (IF+OF at 1+0; 1+2; 2+4; 4+2 and 4+4) on: crop productivity; soil properties, and leaf nutrient levels of the agro-ecosystem. The influence of ISFM and MNF on yields and profitability of the agro-ecoystem coconut and lanzones fruit tree crop (Part I) had been presented earlier in the CORD J. (Magat et al 2009) Results as presented in the first part of the work report showed that the application of the multi-nutrient inorganic fertilizer even at its lowest rate for coconut (1 kg/tree/yr) produced a significant increase in annual nut and copra yield per ha from an average of 8,890 nuts or 1.6 tons to 3 - 4 tons after 2 years of fertilizer applications. The non-significant difference in nut and copra yields of fertilizer combinations (FCs) in almost all years showed that even with the application of FC-1 (1 kg of inorganic fertilizer), the lowest rate of the multi-nutrient fertilizer, even without organic fertilizer, an annual yield over 4 tons copra per ha (or over 17, 000 nuts per ha) was produced in most of years of production, seldom achieved in coconut farms in the country. The improvement of coconut yield and very productive lanzones fruiting stage in this cropping system may be attributed to the significant influence of fertilizer combinations on the crops’ leaf nutrient contents as N, P, K, Cl and B. The long term effect of organic fertilization contributed much to the improved or enhanced soil physical conditions as the soil bulk density. Soil chemical properties as soil acidity, organic carbon (C), organic matter, available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) were generally enhanced during the 15 years of coconut and lanzones cropping under ISFM with multi-nutrient fertilizer application. This long-term coconut + lanzones cropping agro-ecosystem proved to be a sustainable farming system. The proper integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) as a major component of the integrated crop management (ICM) using the PCA-formulated crop-specific-fertilizer multi-nutrient 14(N)-5(P2O5)-20(K2O)-15.5(Cl)-4.5(S)-0.02(B) even at the lowest rate of fertilization contributed to stable soils resulting to the total productivity of the coconut + lanzones fruit tree agro-ecosystem.

Quest for Better Technology: Case of Brown Coir Fibre Industry in Sri Lanka K. V. N. N. Jayalath; U. K. Jayasinghe-Mudalige
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a number of attributes (a = 23) upon 5 major factors (Labor, Land and Capital, Machine, Technical and Market) that influence a selection of a particular technology to manufacture brown coir fibre in Sri Lanka (i.e. Sri Lankan Drum Pairs, Defibering Machine, D1 Machine). A cross section of owners of fibre mills (n = 30) located in the Kurunegaka, Puttlam and Gampaha districts were selected and a personal interview with each mill owner was carried out with the help of a structured questionnaire from May to June 2008 to collect data. The Semantic Differential Analysis techniques were employed to find the relative strength of the attributes of 5 factors considered in the analysis, where the responses were recorded on a seven-point bipolar scale. The “XLStat” software was used extensively to plot the relationships between the 23 attributes and 3 technologies. The results suggest that all three technologies are negatively perceived by the coir fibre millers on land and capital, and machine subsets. Further millers had negative perception on attributes related to labor subset of Sri Lankan Drum Pair technology. However, they hold the view that high quality of the bristle fibre extracted by this machine is not comparable with that extracted using any other technologies. The millers’ perception on technical and market attributes of the three different technologies was better than on other attributes. The results imply that policymakers should, more specifically, take into account the issues related to capital, machine and labor as they advise coir fibre manufactures about possible technology transfer, in order to avoid potential failures in these markets (i.e. plant-exit) and government policy (i.e. non-compliance).

Sustainable Development and Application of Bio – Energy in Coconut Plantations H.A.J. Gunathilake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

One hectare of coconut land (156 palms ha-1) planted with gliricidia (2250 trees ha-1 into double rows in avenues of coconut), available natural pasture and outside supplied paddy straw coupled with six buffaloes were mixed into a farming model to examine total productivity and potential of green energy production by wood and biogas. Six buffaloes were maintained in a shed and the manure was collected for biogas generation. Biogas was purified from H2S and the bio fuel was used to run a 0.75 hp engine. Wood of gliricidia was used to energize a 3.5 kW gassifire-engine system for generating electricity. Productivity of gliricidia in the 3rd year was 4.5 kg wood (at 20% moisture) and 3.5 kg of fresh foliage per tree/year. Each buffalo produced an average of 622 liters of milk at the first lactation (for a period of 10 months) and value of a calf was Rs. 41244.00 at the age of 17 months. Soils of the model were enriched by adding the effluent of biogas digester. The soil fertility (N, P, K, Mg, moisture holding capacity) improved significantly over soils sampled outside the model. The effluent of biogas was more fertile than dried buffalo dung. As a result, nut yield of coconut palms increased from 30 to 60 nuts palm-1 year-1 over a period of two years. In green energy production, the dung of six buffaloes passed through a 0.5 kW biogas-engine system generator produced 2 kwh of electricity per day which if generated by diesel driven generator would require 0.9 liters of diesel. The annual generation of electricity from the biogas amounted to 700 kwh. On the other hand, gliricidia wood of one hectare of coconut land was sufficient to energize 3.5 kW gassifire – engine – generator set for 1600 hours/year and this was equivalent to 5000 kwh of electricity (kWh). Thus, one hectare of coconut/gliricidia/natural pasture/paddy straw with six buffaloes was able to produce green energy equivalent to 5700 units of electricity (kWh) or 2,565 liters of diesel, in addition to farm income derived from coconut, buffalo milk and other benefits of buffalo farming. The total return (coconut, selling of calves, buffalo milk and bio fertilizer) added up to Rs. 704,070 ha-1 year-1. The feasibility of this model for adoption by small farmers of the coconut triangle in Sri Lanka is presented on the basis of this study.

Sugar Cane Cake and Mineral Fertilizers on Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) Seedlings Luiz Gonzaga Bione Ferraz; Ademar Barros da Silva; José Nunes Filho; Antonio Raimundo de Sousa; Venézio Felipe dos Santos
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

High quantities of mineral fertilizers (MF) are required for good coconut seedling production, whose up dated recommendation is 232 grams per seedling. The objective of this work was to assess the substitution of the MF by organic fertilizer as sugar-cane filter cake (SCFC) on coconut seedlings in polybag. The SCFC is an organic residue from sugar-cane manufacturing composed of various chemical elements, as for instance: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The experiment was carried out at the Itapirema Research Station, Goiana, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, with factorial disposition 52, replicated three times, with six tall coconut seedlings per plot. The treatments were the combinations of five doses of MF (in g seedling-1): 46.25; 92.50; 138.75; 185.00 and control, using urea, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride at the proportion of 1:2:3, respectively, and five doses of SCFC (in kg polybag-1): 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and control. Eight months after young coconut seedlings replacement to the polybags the following parameters were measured: collar girth (CG), leaf area (LA), number of live leaves (NL) and plant height (PH). For leaf nutritional diagnosis and growing media chemical and physical analyses, samples were collected. There was significance for the two factors, individually, to all parameters. The trend analysis revealed linear, quadratic and cubic responses, according to the studied character. The mixture of 0.5 kg of SCFC polybag-1 plus 46.25 g of the MF was sufficient for obtaining seedlings of excellent quality and promoting a fertilizers economy around 80%. According to other results from this research, the number of seedlings per plot and the critical level of nutrients in the leaf of coconut seedlings should be reviewed.

Nutritional Composition of Dikiri Coconut K.D.P.P. Gunathilake
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Dikiri, an abnormal type of coconut found mainly in the southern part of Sri Lanka, was analyzed for its proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin C and fatty acid profile. Pectin was isolated and characterized (moisture, ash, acetyl value, methoxyl value, equivalent value) from dikiri coconut. Dikiri coconut contains 38.91± 0.9%, 2.95 ± 0.2%, 58.21± 3.6%, 17.62 ± 0.2%, 6.63 ± 0.3% and14.59% dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The main dietary fiber components of Dikiri coconut were pectin and hemicellulose while that of normal coconut was cellulose. Lignin content was significantly lower in the kernel of dikiri coconut(3.98±0.9) than normal coconut kernel(6.14±0.7%). Equivalent weight, methoxyl value, moisture, ash and acetyl value of dikiri pectin were 1052.7 ± 11.08, 8.72 ± 0.25, 85.8 ±1.65, 0.8 ± 0.04 and 0.09 ± 0.01 respectively. The main mineral found in dikiri was potassium. Vitamin C content of dikiri coconut was 2.32 mg/100g. The fatty acids composition of dikiri was similar to normal coconut and saturated fatty acids constituted nearly 90% of total fatty acids and lauric acid is the main fatty acid followed by myristic acid.

Properties of Malaysian Solid Coco-Lumber Khairul, M.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 25 No 2 (2009): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Solid coco-lumber is relatively a new raw material in Malaysia’s furniture industry. However, different situations can be seen in the Philippines and Indonesia as they are actively producing and marketing coconut wood-based products. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties such as moisture content, basic density, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), shear stress, compression parallel to the grain, thickness swelling and water absorption properties of Malaysian solid coco-lumber were determined. The solid coco-lumber was divided into inner and outer parts and were tested under two different conditions i.e. green and air-dry conditions. The study showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the air-dried outer part of the solid coco-lumber were 50% higher compared to the inner part under both conditions. The results proved that the properties of coconut wood tested are very useful to the emerging coco-lumber based furniture industry in Malaysia.

Coconut Carbon Sequestration Part 1 / Highlights on Carbon Cycle in Coconut Plantations O. Roupsard
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

This article reviews scientific information in order to prepare application of coconut plantations to the Clean Development Mechanism CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. It sums up some theories for describing the C cycle within a given plantation, separating the coconut trees, the under-storey and the soil. It synthesizes recent reports about the C cycle (stocks and fluxes) of a chronosequence of coconut plantations, considered to be a reference for productivity (high level of fertility, no drought). It gives figures for the potential C balance of a coconut plantation and compares them to other tropical humid evergreen forests. Although the results should not be extrapolated without caution, they highlight some main traits of this peculiar crop, such as a high productivity and a large C allocation into organs displaying rapid turnover (bunches of fruits, fine roots, leaves, peduncle and spikelets), the fate of which is to be turned into litter. Moreover, results bring new insights into the physiology of this plant, which is of high interest for understanding the components of yield, such as reserve dynamics. They also confirm that litter management is crucial for the C fixation and the sustainability of coconut cultivation, especially when the levels of inputs are low.

Coconut Carbon Sequestration Part 2 / Strategies for the Carbon Market & Simulating Potential Incomes for Coconut CDM Projects O. Roupsard
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The following article is a review of possible strategies of the coconut sector facing the carbon market, through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Protocol of Kyoto, but also through Non-Kyoto (voluntary) initiatives. It sums up the conditions for certifying plantations, together with recent statistics of similar projects accepted by UNFCCC, which are currently displaying a rapid growth rate. It stresses the complexity of the CDM, but also the accessibility for coconut energy & afforestation + reforestation (A/R) projects, considering that coconut plantations do actually correspond to the definition of “forest”. Using recent scientific information on C cycle of coconut plantations and coconut oil, it proposes also a simulation of the expected potential profitability of coconut energetic and A/R projects. From the point of view of the farmer and of the oil mill, in absence of any CDM project (the reference here), the value-added comes mainly from local processing of the copra into coconut oil. When implementing a short-term A/R project (t-CER), the value-added by C fixation in the ecosystem would be ca. +15 to +19%, as compared to the copra and oil references. When implementing a long-term project (l-CER), the value-added would reach +40 to +52%. When implementing an energy-oil project solely, the value-added by C fixation in the coconut oil would be only +5% (this not including other benefits at national scale, however). When implementing a dual A/R + energy-oil project, the value-added by C fixation would be +19% for t-CER, and +45% for l-CER with respect to the copra and oil references. These results are just potential values given for example, suspected to vary much according to the actual conditions of coconut plantation productivity, management and also C market conditions. However, the simulation clearly supports every APCC initiative in this direction.

Assessment of Climate Variability for Coconut and Other Crops: A Statistical Approach Peiris, T. S. G.; Kularatne, J. D. J. S.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Public opinion in Sri Lanka has been seriously concerned about the possible impact of climate change on different sectors, and in particular for the agricultural sector. Annual and weekly climate data were analyzed to provide useful information to farmers, planners and scientists to assess the suitability of different types of crops. The statistical methodology of the analysis is illustrated using daily rainfall and air temperature from 1951 to 2001 for Hambantota, a major coconut growing district in Sri Lanka. The increase in maximum air temperature and decrease in the amount of rainfall per effective rainy day (> 5mm) are the significant features of the climate variability in the Hambantota area. The warming rate for maximum air temperature was significantly higher (p<0.005) than that for minimum, mean and diurnal temperature, irrespective of time scales. The annual rate of increase of maximum temperature after 1995 is 0.0260C. The intensity of rainfall per effective rainy day (> 5mm) decreased significantly (p<0.005). Distribution of weekly rainfall during January to September is uncertain. The probability of weekly rainfall greater than 20 mm does not exceed 50% in any week during this period. Long-term weekly rainfall was greater than 30 mm only during mid October to early December, but the probability of weekly rainfall greater than 30 mm exceeds 50% only during the first three weeks of November. The probability of occurrence of dry spells of duration greater than 60 days in a year is around 70%, but the time of occurrence of such dry spell is not consistent among years. These findings suggest that the expected future climate would not be suitable for coconut cultivation, if growers do not apply the recommended practices to face long dry spells. Also the increasing temperature could impact to dominate plant pest during dry periods.

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Mufid Febrianto

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8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone +628111885787

Journal Mail Official journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address 8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location Kota adm. jakarta pusat, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email
mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone
+628111885787

Journal Mail Official
journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address
8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA