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Published by International Coconut Community

ISSN : 02151162 EISSN : 27218856 DOI : 10.37833/cord

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Library & Information Science

Aims CORD aims to publish original research results and reviews on research and development. While encouraging those involved in research and developments to disseminate their finding it also assists policy makers and planners to be aware of the latest developments in the sector Scope CORD encompasses a broad range of research topics in animal sciences: seedlings and genetics, farming, harvesting, production, health, biotechnology, and production, socio-economic, and policy.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 390 Documents

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Changes in Soluble Sugars, Sugar Profile, Starch and Proline in Developing Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Inflorescences Bandupriya H.D.D.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Changes in soluble sugars, sugars profile, starch and proline levels in inflorescence rachillae from individual coconut palms were investigated during inflorescence development with the aim of determining a possible correlation between these characters and morphogenic potential of inflorescence tissues. Rachillae for analysis were collected from unopened inflorescences of -1 to -13 stages (considering the youngest open inflorescence as 0 stage) in decreasing order of maturity (–1 stage is the most mature stage whereas –13 is the most immature stage). Important differences among the maturity stages were observed for total sugars. In very tender inflorescences (-13 and -12), the total sugar content was very low whereas a gradual increase was observed from -11 to -7 stages, with -7 stage having the highest level. The total sugar content in more mature inflorescences was relatively low, with the exception of -2 stage, which had a high total sugar content. In regard to sugar profiles, sucrose, fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugars present in coconut inflorescence and sucrose was the most abundant sugar in -5 to -9 maturity stages. Total soluble sugars and sucrose in maturity stages from -5 to -9 showed a very similar variation and significantly higher levels of sucrose were observed in -6 to -8 stages. The proline content in the mature stages, -1 to –3, was significantly lower than in the other stages with no significant variation in the stages –4 to –11. The pattern of variation in starch content was similar to that of proline which decreased with increasing maturity of inflorescence. In view of the results obtained, the higher accumulation of sucrose and total sugars in -6, -7 and -8 stages may have some significance in morphogenesis, especially as an energy source. The 10 cm length inflorescence that responds better for callusing falls within this range. Thus total sugar and sucrose content may be possible biochemical markers for assessing the morphogenic potential of inflorescence explants.

Commercial Production and Chemical/Physical Characterization of Natural and Nutritious Coconut Sap Food Products (Cocosap Juice and Cocosap Concentrate) at Tawan-tawan, Baguio District, Davao City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines Millicent I. Secretaria
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The processing of natural and nutritious coconut sap juice and coconut sap concentrate for commercial production was conducted by the members of the Samahang Magniniyugan ng Tawan-tawan (SMT) at Barangay Tawan-tawan, Baguio District, Davao City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines from February to May, 2007. The processing of coconut sap juice and concentrate involves simple, easy to follow procedures and few equipment are required. Results of the chemical analysis revealed that coconut sap juice, an oyster-white liquid and coconut sap concentrate, a sticky, golden orange syrup has 84.3% and 25% moisture content; 0.24% and 0.94% crude protein; 18.99 and 63.79 mg/100 mg sodium (Na); 0.85 and 1.51 mg/100 g calcium (Ca) and 0.05 and 0.33 mg/100g iron (Fe), respectively indicating that these coconut sap food products are nutritious and good for one’s body. While physical (color) analysis showed that these products are pure and natural since no food coloring was detected. A partial budgeting analysis on the profitability of producing coconut sap juice and coconut sap concentrate over the traditional fermented toddy indicated an additional profit or net income of Php19,728.00 and Php21,402.00 per month, respectively (Php41= $). The benefits derived from the commercialization of the technology on coconut sap food products by the adaptors were discussed. Factors for successful adoption and commercialization of coconut sap juice and concentrate were likewise recommended.

Processing of Virgin Coconut Oil in Sri Lanka Using Cold Extraction Method: An Economic Analysis Pathiraja, P.M.E.K; Fernando, M.T.N; Jayasundera, J.M.M.A
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a newly introduced product in Sri Lanka with a high export market potential. Only a few entrepreneurs however, are capitalizing on this opportunity due to several factors such as lack of rigorous economic analyses and unavailability of information on export market opportunities. Against this background, this study attempts to analyse the economic viability of this enterprise in Sri Lanka. Interestingly, it was found that the VCO provides the highest net return per 1000 coconuts utilized compared to the other traditional coconut kernel products. The pay-back period for the initial investment on machineries was little over a month under current prices of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the crucial factor that determines the economic viability of this enterprise is world market VCO price and the sensitivity of the net return of VCO production for the nut price is very low. The break-even price of one liter of VCO was found to be US $ 4.8 whereas it receives US $ 8 in the export market. This study concluded the need of encouraging VCO production in Sri Lanka, given the long-term brighter outlook of the global VCO industry.

Development of Synthetic Variety of Coconut: PCA Syn Var 001 I. Status and Prospects Ramon L. Rivera; Gerardo A. Santos; Susan M. Rivera; Ernesto. E. Emmanuel
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Increased genotypic heterozygozity through phenotypic disassortative mating improves vigor and yield performance of progenies, while inbreeding causes depression, thus the use of F2 seeds from F1 variety hybrids could lead to disastrous results. Knowing the partiality of coconut farmers in using seeds from any high yielding variety for successive cropping, the development of an open-pollinated variety or OPV with a high degree of balanced heterozygozity is highly desired. Started way back in 1979, the PCA pioneered the development of a synthetic coconut variety, i.e., PCA SYN VAR 001. With some modifications of the classical breeding method, a scheme was formulated to produce the base population of a synthetic coconut variety using single crosses from six tall coconut cultivars, four local and two foreign tall varieties, which were found to possess good general combining ability (GCA). Field planting of the F1 base populations was done in September 1992. Since then, observations on growth and development, flowering and early yield of the genetic materials, as well as the distributions of “bulked” seeds from the plantation are ongoing. The use of modern molecular marker tools, i.e. microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker technology in the development of the synthetic variety of coconut, including the status of the research undertakings and prospects of the new breeding populations are described in this paper.

Recovery pattern of cyclone-affected coconut palms in littoral sandy soils of Orissa-Part II G.C. Acharya
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The experiment to study the recovery pattern of cyclone affected palms cv. Sakhigopal Local was carried out in an ongoing fertilizer trial with three levels each of N (500, 1000 and 1500 g N/palm/ year), P (250, 500 and 750 g P2O5/palm/year) and K (750, 1250 and 1750 g of K2O/palm/year) at Coconut Research Station under Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology. The study indicated that the manuring practices comprising higher doses of N, P and K were most effective, nitrogen in particular in bringing out a gradual improvement in the reproductive characters of the coconut palms affected by the super cyclone, 1999. Enhanced nitrogen application (1000g/palm/year) induced production of more number of inflorescences, more of female flowers and increased yield per palm during initial years of damage irrespective of the degree of damage suffered by the adult palms in the littoral sandy soils of Orissa. The nut yield per palm per year exhibited significant increase at N levels of 500 to 1000 g per palm per year during 2001-02 to 2003-04 under damage category I. The importance of this level of nitrogen was marked during 2000-01 to 2002-03 in damage category II and during 2000-01 to 2001-02 in damage category III. The 1500 g nitrogen per palm per year did not show any significant change over 1000 g as regards to the nut yield per palm.

Effect of different levels of fortification of wheat flour with defatted coconut flour on the quality of fibre-enriched biscuits J.M.N. Marikkar
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Defatted coconut flour obtained from the whitish kernel residue left after the extraction of virgin coconut oil has potential application in high protein-fiber enriched food products. A study was conducted to investigate the use of defatted coconut flour in the preparation of fiber-enriched biscuits. In this, wheat flour was fortified with defatted coconut flour in varying proportions (w/w, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%) to prepare a series of blends for biscuit dough. Biscuits samples prepared according to a standard recipe were evaluated by a 36-member semi-trained panel using a 7-point hedonic scale to determine the critical limit of defatted coconut flour substitution in wheat flour for acceptable quality biscuits. Results showed that defatted coconut flour could be used to substitute wheat flour up to a level of 40% without affecting the overall quality. At this level, the dietary fiber content of the biscuit was found to increase by about 10 times. Although biscuit samples showed good acceptability at the beginning, their keeping quality decreased with the increasing level of defatted coconut flour in the biscuit formulation.

New observations on the resistance of coconut cultivars to tropical cyclones in Vanuatu Jean-Pierre LABOUISSE; Tiata SILEYE; Chantal HAMELIN
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The resistance of coconut palms to violent winds was observed at the Saraoutou research station as cyclone Dani passed over the island of Santo in Vanuatu in January 1999. Mortality caused by felling or uprooting was recorded on 13 Dwarf varieties, 10 Tall varieties and 28 Dwarf x Tall hybrids. The Dwarf palms were generally more susceptible than the Tall palms and hybrids, but substantial differences were also found between varieties in the same group. At 15 years old, the Tacunan Green Dwarf originating from the Philippines proved to be the most resistant Dwarf with 0% of felled palms compared to 100% of felled palms for the most susceptible, the Malayan Yellow Dwarf. Of the Tall palms, the Vanuatu Tall proved to be the most resistant with 2% of felled palms. The varieties originating from the South Pacific or the Philippines also displayed good resistance compared to varieties from Papua New Guinea. Of the hybrids, the Malayan Red Dwarf x Rennell Tall displayed the least resistance. The effect of different factors (morphological characteristics, age) on susceptibility to violent winds is discussed.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid detection of Salmonella in desiccated coconut (DC) Jayaratne, D.L.
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

This study was carried out to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of Salmonella in desiccated coconut (DC). For the PCR detection of Salmonella, genomic DNA was extracted using the ‘boiling lyses’ method and the reaction was carried out with Salmonella genus specific primers enabled to amplify 457bp sequence covering invA and invE genes. Samples of DC produced in mills already tested for Salmonella using conventional cultural methods gave identical results with the present PCR method indicating its suitability for adoption in routine testing. The sensitivity checked using DNA extracted from artificially inoculated DC with serially diluted inoculum of Salmonella M1 type showed that the developed PCR method can be used to detect very low levels of contamination of Salmonella as low as 4 CFU/g in DC. The method described here reduces the testing and detection time from 6 days to 24 hours ensuring exporters to obtain Salmonella test reports just prior to shipment.

Control of spatial effects due to neighboring palms in coconut (Cocos nucifera) experiments T. S. G. Peiris
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

The RCBD is the most robust design for field experimentations in coconut. In this study the effect of neighboring palms to control local variation in field experiments of coconut was evaluated using two long-term coconut trials. Four types of spatial models are suggested to consider the spatial effect due to neighboring palms and the use of such models is illustrated using two long-term field experiments. When data were analyzed separately by years or using repeated measures analysis, significant percentage reduction of CV was observed in all four spatial models relative to the RCBD model without covariates as well as pre-treat data as covariate irrespective of the experiment. Inclusion of the mean of two neighbouring palms in N-S or E-W direction as a covariate was clearly superior to the RCBD without covariate as well as pre-data as covariate when data were analyzed separately by years. Inclusion of the mean of four neighbouring palms in N-S and E-W direction as a covariate was superior to repeated measures analysis in reducing local variation, irrespective of experiments. It is recommended to include effect due to neighbouring palms when analyzing field experiments in coconut. The methodology can be applied to other tree crop experiments as well.

Integrated management of Eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer on coconut in Tamil Nadu, India K. Ramaraju
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 23 No 2 (2007): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

A field experiment was conducted at Vellalore from January 2002 to December 2004 to evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nutrients and the effect of botanicals and insecticide against coconut eriophyid mite. Soil application of nutrients along with spraying of Triazophos 40 EC (5 ml/lit.), azadirachtin 1% (5 ml/lit.) and neem oil (30 ml/lit.) as first, second and third round of sprayings, respectively were evaluated. The results revealed that there was a significant reduction in mite population (65%) after two years in the Integrated Management (IM) treated trees (application of organic and inorganic nutrients, basin cultivation of sunnhemp and three rounds of spraying) followed by trees treated with Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potash (1.3:2.0:3.5 kg/palm/year) + Farm Yard Manure 50 kg/palm/year + neem cake 5 kg /palm/year + micronutrients + three rounds of sprayings (52.8%). Similarly, there was also a significant reduction in the per cent damaged green nuts after two years. After second year, the per cent damaged nut was lowest (41.9) in the IM treated trees which was statistically on par with treatment 6 (42.9) as against control (71.8). A similar trend was also recorded after third year. IM package treated trees recorded the lowest nut damage grade of 2.8, 2.4 and 2.1 at harvest followed by IM package without sunnhemp as basin crop 3.0, 2.6 and 2.2 as against 4.3, 4.3 and 4.5 in the check after first, second and third year, respectively.

Page 13 of 39 | Total Record : 390

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Mufid Febrianto

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8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone +628111885787

Journal Mail Official journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address 8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location Kota adm. jakarta pusat, Dki jakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Mufid Febrianto

Contact Email
mas.mufid@coconutcommunity.org

Phone
+628111885787

Journal Mail Official
journal@coconutcommunity.org

Editorial Address
8th Floor BAPPEBTI Building Jl. Kramat Raya No. 172 Kenari, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia 10430 Phone +62 21 3100556-557 Fax +62 21 3101007

Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA